Risk Of Arsenic Poisoning Research Articles

GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotype Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Arsenic Poisoning: a Meta-analysis.

The value of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) null genotype in patients with arsenic poisoning has been recognized, but the conclusions of previous studies remain inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between GST mu 1 (GSTM1) and GST theta 1 (GSTT1) null genotype polymorphisms and susceptibility to arsenic poisoning. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and WeiPu databases were systematically searched for publications up to March 31, 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype polymorphisms and arsenic poisoning. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14.0 software. Nine articles with 3324 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. A significantly negative correlation was observed between the GSTM1 null genotype and susceptibility to arsenic poisoning (OR = 0.731; 95% CI: 0.536-0.999; P = 0.049; I2 = 70.5%). There was no significant correlation between the GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 1.009; 95% CI: 0.856-1.189; P = 0.915, I2 = 36.8%) and GSTM1-GSTT1 double null genotype (OR = 1.105; 95% CI: 0.670-1.822; P = 0.695; I2 = 64.7%) and the risk of arsenic poisoning. Egger's and Begg's tests indicated no publishing bias. Compared with controls, individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype were less susceptible to arsenic poisoning. The GSTT1 single null genotype and GSTM1-GSTT1 dual-null genotype were not associated with the risk of arsenic poisoning. The GSTM1 single null genotype may have potential as a genotoxic biomarker to identify individuals who are not prone to arsenic poisoning, and as a reference for guiding the prevention of arsenic poisoning.

Sustainable Management for Arsenic (As) Free Safe Drinking Water in Bangladesh: A Review

The presence of elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh has severely impaired the decade long effort of providing safe water to its population. Most of the recognized stages of arsenic poisoning have been identified in Bangladesh and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the population is increasing every day. The severity of arsenic contamination is demanding extensive research in this field. Many studies have been carried out in Bangladesh, West Bengal in India and other countries as well, but the situation is still out of sound control. In order to minimize arsenic exposure, a work to provide various alternate safe drinking water options to the exposed population has been initiated. This article implies to look at the sustainable management for safe drinking water in Bangladesh by reviewing different measures to remedy the arsenic contamination in groundwater.

Overview of Arsenic Distribution in some Part of Biu Volcanic Province North-Eastern Nigeria

Overexposure to arsenic can cause various diseases such as cancer of (skin, lung, bladder, and kidney), hair loss and nails deformity. These diseases are common among adults, youth and children in some rural communities in Biu Volcanic Province North-Eastern Nigeria. This is what motivated the Authors to investigate the concentration of arsenic in surface and ground waters of Biu volcanic environment, northern eastern Nigeria and to delineate areas of high risk to arsenic exposure. Thirty seven water samples; thirteen surface water samples and twenty four ground water samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) at Geochemistry Laboratory, University of Jos, Nigeria. Arsenic concentrations range from 0.03 to 0.477 mg/L in the surface water and 0.006 to 0.424 mg/L in the ground water. This study indicates that people in Yimirshika Village might be at a considerable risk of arsenic poisoning.

Determination of arsenic leaching from glazed and non-glazed Turkish traditional earthenware

Glazed and non-glazed earthenware is traditionally and widely used in Turkey and most of the Mediterranean and the Middle East countries for cooking and conservation of foodstuff. Acid-leaching tests have been carried out to determine whether the use of glazed and non-glazed earthenware may constitute a human health hazard risk to the consumers. Earthenware was leached with 4% acetic acid and 1% citric acid solutions, and arsenic in the leachates was measured using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Arsenic concentrations in the leach solution of non-glazed potteries varied from 30.9 to 800 μg L − 1 , while the glazed potteries varied generally from below the limit of detection (0.5 μg L − 1 ) to 30.6 μg L − 1 , but in one poorly glazed series it reached to 110 μg L − 1 . Therefore, the risk of arsenic poisoning by poorly glazed and non-glazed potteries is high enough to be of concern. It appears that this is the first study reporting arsenic release from earthenware into food.

Children playing with poison: Arsenic exposure from CCA-treated wood

The world of children can involve exposure to many hazards, including toxic chemicals found in the environment. Arsenic is one of those chemicals. Sources of such exposure include food, soil, water, and air. However, touching chromated copper arsenate (CCA)–treated wooden structures or the soil surrounding them and then putting a finger in the mouth can raise a child's risk of arsenic poisoning. Nurse practitioners who provide routine care for children are in a position to assess their young patients for arsenic exposure and to initiate prevention strategies to protect children from exposure to this toxin. If the nurse practitioner suspects arsenic exposure or poisoning, she or he should contact the National Poison Control Directory or consult the web page for state-by-state poison control centers to determine a plan for treatment or referral.

Ingestion of Hijiki seaweed and risk of arsenic poisoning

AbstractThe major route of human exposure to arsenic is via ingestion. Seafoods contain large amounts of various arsenic compounds. Recently, people have been advised not to eat Hijiki seaweed (Hijikia fusiforme) in the UK because of its high content of inorganic arsenic (iAs). To clarify the risks of Hijiki ingestion, a 42‐year‐old male volunteer ingested 825 µg of iAs compounds contained in eight servings of commercial Hijiki food, after refraining from eating seafood for 3 months. In order to determine the distribution of arsenic species in his urine, arsenic compounds were analyzed using HPLC‐ICP‐MS. The maximum concentrations of arsenate (AsV), arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were found at 4, 6.5, 13 and 17.5 h after ingestion, respectively. Arsenobetaine concentration was very low, and almost constant throughout the observation period. A total of 28% of ingested arsenic was excreted in urine. The total amounts of AsV, AsIII, MMA and DMA excreted in urine over 50 h were 11.2, 31.8, 40.9 and 104.0 µg, respectively. After eating one serving of Hijiki, arsenic intake and urinary excretion were at levels similar to those in individuals affected by arsenic poisoning. Long‐term ingestion of Hijiki might thus have the potential to cause arsenic poisoning. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Arsenic in groundwater and health problems in Bangladesh

Arsenic is listed as a hazardous material and is a suspect carcinogen, reportedly responsible for lung and skin cancers. It is also a teratogen, which means that it is capable of crossing the placental membrane into the metabolic system of unborn children. The level of arsenic allowed in drinking water has been set at 0.01 mg/l by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the maximum permissible limit of arsenic in drinking water of Bangladesh is 0.05 mg/l. The actual toxicity of arsenic to the human body varies depending on several factors as general health and diet. It is a cumulative substance, which slowly passes out of the body through urine, hair, fingernails/toenails and skin. In Bangladesh, most of the recognized stages of arsenic poisoning have been identified. The risk of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh is increasing. The number of patients seriously affected by arsenic in drinking water has now risen to 7000 demanding extensive research in this field. This note addresses tubewell contamination in groundwater and health-related impacts. A previous study made by the author presents the subsurface occurrence of arsenic and the reason of contamination. The latest statistics available on the arsenic contamination in groundwater indicate that 52 districts around 80% of the total area of Bangladesh and estimate that around 40 million people are at risk. Patients with melanosis, leuco-melanosis, keratosis, hyperkeratosis, dorsum, non-petting oedema, gangrene and skin cancer have been identified. Among the affected people, the most common presentations are melanosis (93.5%), keratosis (68.3%), hyperkeratosis (37.6%) and dipigmentation (leuco-melanosis) (39.1%). Cancers were found among 0.8% and actinic keratitis and Bowen's disease are identified among 3.1% cases. According to available data the Dhaka Community Hospital (DCH) identified 1903 patients with arsenical skin manifestations, the National Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) listed 800 arsenicosis patients and the Institute for Post-Graduate Medical Research (IPGMR) investigated 250 arsenical skin lessions patients.