Risk Of Corneal Graft Rejection Research Articles

Histocompatibility Testing for Keratoplasty in High-risk Patients

Forty-eight consecutive patients at high risk for corneal graft rejection were transplanted with corneas from donors selected on the basis of a negative lymphocyte crossmatch, ABO blood group compatibility, and maximized HLA-A, -B matching. Graft survival in this study group was compared to a retrospective control group of 72 consecutive high-risk transplants performed in patients receiving randomly obtained corneal donors. Demographic parameters, cause of primary disease, and incidence of prior graft rejection were no different between the two groups. Graft survival at one year, calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 78% for the negative crossmatch study group vs 52% in the uncrossmatched control group (P < 0.05%). All graft failures in the negative crossmatch group were in poorly HLA matched recipients. While patients with evidence of nondonor specific humoral presensitization to HLA antigens experienced earlier graft rejection, overall graft survival was not associated with such nonspecific presensitization. These findings indicate that prospective histocompatibility testing can improve corneal allograft survival for high-risk patients by better identification of appropriate donors.

Beneficial Effects of Histocompatibility in High-Risk Corneal Transplantation

Forty-six consecutive patients at high risk for corneal graft rejection because of significant vascularization or previous graft rejection received transplanted corneas from donors who were selected on the basis of a negative lymphocyte crossmatch, ABO antigen blood group compatibility, and maximized HLA-A and HLA-B antigen matching. Graft survival in this study group was compared to that in a retrospective control group of 71 consecutive high-risk transplants performed in patients receiving corneas obtained randomly. We found no differences between groups in terms of demographic factors, cause of primary corneal disease, or the incidence of previous graft rejection. However, graft survival in the control group was only 49% (35 of 71) vs 83% (38 of 46) for the study group (P less than .001) with mean follow-up times of 29.6 and 15.5 months, respectively. All graft failures in the study group were in recipients with poorly matched HLA antigens. Patients with evidence of humoral presensitization to HLA antigen had twice the rejection rate of unsensitized recipients (three of 11 vs five of 35).