Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Research Articles

소도구 필라테스 운동이 비만중년여성의 대사증후군 위험인자에 미치는 영향

This study is to find out how small-tool Pilates exercise is applied to obese middle-aged women and how it affects metabolic syndrome risk factors. It was intended to be provided as one of the exercise programs for this purpose, and a total of 16 subjects were divided into two groups, and conclusions were obtained based on the results of before and after the exercise program. Among the metabolic syndrome risk factors, blood pressure showed a significant difference only in the pre-measurement of diastolic blood pressure between the two groups, and the waist circumference showed significant changes in the exercise group. In the body composition category, body fat percentage decreased only in the exercise group, showing a significant difference, and HDL-C showed significant changes in the exercise group, showing an increase. Triglycerides decreased in both groups, but only the control group showed a significant difference and there was a significant difference only in the post-measurements between the two groups. Blood sugar showed a significant difference only in the exercise group. Looking at the above results, through small-tool Pilates exercise, body composition among the metabolic syndrome risk factors of obese middle-aged women showed positive results of body composition change and blood improvement. As such, the small-tool Pilates exercise had an effect for health promotion, so if this program is carried out by applying the exercise prescription elements for a longer period of time, it will be possible to prevent factors that threaten the health of obese middle-aged women.

Performance of body mass index and body fat percentage in predicting metabolic syndrome risk factors in diabetic patients of Yazd, Iran

BackgroundBody Fat percentage (BFP) and body mass index (BMI) are used to measure obesity-related metabolic syndrome risk. The present study aimed to determine the values of percent body Fat and body mass index for predicting metabolic syndrome risk factors in diabetic patients of Yazd, Iran.MethodsA total of 1022 (499 males and 523 females) diabetic patients participated in this study. According to Asian BMI criteria, Overweight was diagnosed if a participant had a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (both male and female) or BFP ≥25% for male and ≥ 32% for female. Based on calculated BMI and BFP and after adjusting for age, height, weight and smoking habits, the participants were classified into group A (normal weight and Non-Fat), group B (overweight and Non-Fat), group C (normal weight and Fat), and group D (overweight and Fat).ResultsAccording to the results, the BMI of 23.4% were normal and BMI of 76.6% were overweight, respectively. Moreover, the BFP of 25.7 and 74.3% of the studied population were considered as Non-Fat and Fat, respectively. A strong relationship was found with respect to sex stratification; R2 = 0.79. For men, BMI can be a better predictor of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia than BFP. For women, BMI was a better predictor of hyperglycemia than BFP. Moreover, BFP can be regarded as a better predictor of hyperglycemia in male group, while it was a good predictor of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia and hypo HDL than BMI, in female group.ConclusionSignificant differences were observed between BMI and BFP to predict metabolic syndrome risk factors in diabetic patients across different sexes in our study population. In conclusion, both BMI and BFP should be considered in screening steps.

Circadian clock disruptions link oxidative stress and systemic inflammation to metabolic syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have indicated that circadian clock genes were dysregulated in OSA. In addition, it is clear that the impairment of circadian clocks drives the progression of MetS. Therefore, we hypothesized that circadian rhythm disruption links OSA with MetS. Methods: A total of 118 participants, who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and were diagnosed as healthy snorers (control, n = 29) or OSA (n = 89) patients based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), were enrolled in the present study. General information, anthropometric data, blood biochemical indicators, clock gene expressions, and levels of oxidative and inflammatory indicators were collected, determined, and compared in all the participants. Results: We found that Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (Dec1) were upregulated, while Period 1 (Per1) was reduced in OSA patients. In addition, these changing trends were closely associated with the hypoxia indicator of AHI and have a significant impact on the presence of MetS components, such as hyperglycemia (Dec1 and Per1, p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively), hypertension (Bmal1 and Dec1, p < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively), hyperlipidemia (Dec1, p < 0.01), and obesity (Dec1, p < 0.05). Notably, expressions of Dec1 correlated with IR and predicted the presence of MetS in OSA patients. Finally, we also observed that Dec1 expression was interrelated with levels of both oxidative indicators and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6) in OSA. Conclusion: This study concluded that circadian clock disruptions, especially Dec1, link OSA with MetS in an oxidative and inflammatory-related manner. Circadian clock Dec1 can be used as a specific biomarker (p < 0.001) and therapeutic target in OSA combined with Mets patients.

Clusters of risk factors in metabolic syndrome and their influence on central blood pressure in a global study

The effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clusters of its components on central blood pressure (CBP) has not been well characterized. We aimed to describe the effect of MetS and clusters of its components on CBP in a large population and to identify whether this effect differs in men and women. We studied 15,609 volunteers (43% women) from 10 cohorts worldwide who participated in the Metabolic syndrome and Artery REsearch Consortium. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria (GHTBW, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, waist circumference). CBP was measured noninvasively and acquired from pulse wave analysis by applanation tonometry. MetS was associated with a 50% greater odds of having higher CSBP. After controlling for age, male sex, non HDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and mean arterial pressure, only specific clusters of MetS components were associated with a higher CSBP; and some of them were significant in women but not in men. We identified “risky clusters” of MetS variables associated with high CSBP. Future studies are needed to confirm they identify subjects at high risk of accelerated arterial aging and, thus, need more intensive clinical management.

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO SINDROM METABOLIK PADA PEKERJA UNIT PEMBANGKITAN PRIOK PT. X TAHUN 2021

Occupational Health is one of the efforts to promote and maintain the highest level of physical, mental and social health of workers in all occupations, prevention of problems related to workers due to their working conditions, protection of workers in their work from risks caused by factors detrimental to health, placement and maintenance of workers in a work environment that is adapted to their physiological and psychological abilities. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for metabolic syndrome of workers at the Priok Generation Unit PT. X. 2021. This study used a cross sectional method, with a sample of 100 respondents to workers at the Priok Generation Unit PT. X. Data analysis was carried out univariate, bivariate using chi square test and multivariat with logistic regression method using SPSS software version 23. The research instrument has been tested for validity and reliability in accordance with the rules and obtained a certificate of passing the ethical review with Number: Ket-552 /UN2.F10.D11/PPM.00.02/2021 issued by the research ethics committee of the Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia. The components of the metabolic syndrome most experienced by research respondents were an increase in fasting blood sugar, hypertension, an increase in triglycerides, the occurrence of central obesity and a decrease in HDL fat levels in the blood. This study shows that the risk factors that are significantly related to the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in workers are age, education level, smoking status and physical activity. Based on multivariate modeling with 11 modeling test stages, it was found that the personal education factor is one of the most dominant factors in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. The level of education is one of the dimensions that describes a person's level of knowledge and insight, so the higher the level of knowledge education to carry out a healthy lifestyle to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, the better.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS, INSULIN RESISTANCE, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS

Bu çalışmada, obez bireylerin beslenme durumlarının serum ferritin değerleri, insülin direnci ve metabolik sendrom ile ilişkisi bakımından retrospektif olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Özel 19 Mayıs Hastanesi Beslenme ve Diyet polikliniğine 1 Ocak 2020’den itibaren başvurmuş 210 obez birey oluşturmaktadır. Bu bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri, biyokimyasal bulguları, genel sağlık durumları ve beslenme durumları hasta dosyalarından kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bireyler serum ferritin değerlerine göre; ferritin düzeyi ˂14,52 ng/mL ise kuartil 1 (Q1), 14,52-35,49 ng/mL ise Q2, 35,49-70,68 ng/mL ise Q3, ˃70,68 ng/mL ise Q4 olarak 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bireylerin beden kütle indeksi (kg/ m2) ferritin kuartillerine göre incelendiğinde Q2’de en yüksek beden kütle indeksi (32,5±6,4 kg/m2) gözlenmiştir (p˃0,05). Bel çevresi ölçümlerinde en yüksek bel çevresi ortalaması Q4’te olup (114,85±15,09 cm), kuartiller arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p˃0.05). Bireylerin serum HOMA-IR ortalama değerleri en yüksek Q4’de (4,10±5,05) bulunmaktadır. HOMA-IR düzeyleri ferritin kuartiline göre istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur (p˂0.05) Trigliserit değerleri Q4’te (169,43±93,40); HDL değerleri Q2’de (58,68±11,69); LDL değerleri ise Q4’te (127,21±35,15) en yüksek bulunmuştur. (˂0.05) Bireylerin ferritin quartillerine göre beslenme durumlarına bakıldığında protein tüketiminin en yüksek Q4’te olduğu (112,1±29,8 g/gün), karbonhidrat tüketiminin ise en yüksek Q1’de (395,2±83,6 g/gün) olduğu görülmüştür (p˂0.05). Obez bireylerin protein tüketimleri (g/gün) ile serum ferritin düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta kuvvetli bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r:0,506, p:0,000). Sonuç olarak yüksek serum ferritin konsantrasyonları yüksek trigliserit, yüksek LDL, yüksek HOMA, AST ve ALT değerleri ve daha düşük HDL değerleri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Obez bireylerde serum ferritinin yüksek olması insülin direnci ve metabolik sendrom için risk faktörü olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu risk faktörlerinden korunmak için obez bireylere yaşam tarzı değişikliği önerilmelidir.

Study of occurrence of risk factors of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS

PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders of women in the reproductive age group. Metabolic syndrome is one of the major health issues currently to be focused on in young age group. To identify women with PCOS at risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and the association of individual metabolic parameters with PCOS. A prospective observational study done in 132 non pregnant women aged 18-35 years diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam’s criteria. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to AHA/NHLBI (ATP III 2005) definition. Fisher’s exact test and unpaired t test were applied for statistical analysis. Out of 132 women with PCOS, 31 met the criteria for Metabolic syndrome (23. 5%) and 69.7% women had at least one risk factor out of the five criteria of Metabolic syndrome. Among those meeting criteria for MBS, the mean waist circumference (≥80cms) and mean BMI was found higher (p0.01), and USGmorphology of PCOSp0.05) than those who did not. Presence of acanthosis, SBP/DBP(130/85mmHg), FBS(≥110mg/dl), TG(≥150mg/dl), HDL(≤50mg/dl) were found in significantly greater number in those who met the criteria for MBS as compared to those who did not. Women diagnosed with PCOS and also having features of increased BMI, WC (≥88cms), acanthosis are important risk factors for association of PCOS with Metabolic syndrome in significantly higher numbers and it is important to initiate screening for the same.

Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Why should we care.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious disease in patients with schizophrenia; it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics and influencing factors of MS to provide reliable evidence for the management of schizophrenia.Patients with schizophrenia treated in our hospital from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2021, were selected. The characteristics and treatment details of MS and no-MS patients were evaluated. Pearson correlation analyses were applied for analyzing MS and related characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk factors of MS in patients with schizophrenia.A total of 465 patients with schizophrenia were included, the incidence of MS in patients with schizophrenia was 18.06%. Pearson correlation analyses had found that age (r = 0.621), waist circumference (r = 0.744), body mass index (r = 0.691), diabetes (r = 0.598), course of disease (r = 0.504), triglyceride (r = 0.532), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = –0.518), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.447), and total cholesterol (r = 0.523) were correlated with MS (all P < .05). Logistic regression analyses showed that age ≥55 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.012, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.425–3.196), waist circumference ≥80 cm (OR: 1.944, 95% CI: 1.081–3.172), body mass index ≥24.5 kg/m2 (OR: 2.451, 95% CI: 1.825–3.108), diabetes (OR: 2.301, 95% CI: 1.944–2.881), course of disease ≥15 years (OR: 1.804, 95% CI: 1.236–2.845), triglyceride ≥1.5 mmol/L (OR: 2.032, 95% CI: 1.614–3.079), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤0.8 mmol/L (OR: 1.226, 95% CI: 1.102–1.845), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥2 mmol/L (OR: 1.759, 95% CI: 1.236–1.987), and total cholesterol ≥4.5 mmol/L (OR: 1.664, 95% CI: 1.422–1.852) were the risk factors of MS in patients with schizophrenia (all P < .05).MS is very common in patients with schizophrenia, which may be associated with many possible risk factors, and early interventions and nursing care targeted at those influencing factors are needed to improve the prognosis of schizophrenia.

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Fetal Growth Restriction: Clinical Characteristics and Placental Lesions and Possible Preventive Nutritional Targets.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the placental lesions in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders (HDP) and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) and in uneventful control pregnancies. Methods: This is a case control study that included singleton pregnancies with HDP and normally grown fetus (HDP-AGA fetus), with HDP and FGR, early FGR, late FGR, and uneventful pregnancies. Feto-placental Doppler velocimetry and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were performed. Placental histology was evaluated blinded according to the Amsterdam Consensus criteria. Results: Placental lesions with maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) were significantly more frequent in HDP-FGR and early FGR (92% and 83%). MVM were significantly associated with abnormal feto-placental Doppler parameters, especially in early FGR. Delayed villous maturation (DVM) was associated with late FGR (83%). HDP-AGA fetus cases presented a heterogeneous pattern of placental lesions, including 60% of cases with MVM, but were not associated with abnormal Doppler feto-placental velocimetry. Conclusions: We found a prevalence of placental maternal vascular malperfusion in HDP-FGR and early FGR groups. These lesions were also associated with abnormal, anti-, and angiogenic markers. Conversely HDP-AGA fetus and late FGR presented more heterogeneous placental lesions not severe enough to cause feto-placental Doppler anomalies. These conditions are likely associated with different etiologies, such as maternal pre-pregnancy risk factors for metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest a possible preventive nutritional approach in addition to low-dose aspirin in pregnant women with predisposing factors for HDP-AGA fetuses and late FGR.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, NORTH WEST RAJASTHAN

Objective: The term “metabolic syndrome” (MetS) refers to a concept rather than a specific illness. All cardiovascular events seen in participants cannot be explained by the established risk factors for metabolic syndrome. We investigated the relationship between uric acid levels and the different elements of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: The Department of Medicine, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, conducted a case control study from January 2020 to December 2020 on 150 cases of metabolic syndrome as per NCEP ATP III definition criteria and harmonizing definition criteria, admitted in various wards, and 150 healthy individuals taken as controls selected by simple random sampling and matched for confounding factors. Results: Both the study group and the control group had comparable socio-demographics. In the metabolic group (study group), the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 20% with a mean of 6.00±0.98 mg/dL, compared to 22.3% in men and 16.07% in women. When the maximal number of metabolic syndrome components (4 or 5) were present, the mean blood uric acid level was 6.4 1.03 mg/dL (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of the metabolic syndrome and its elements was substantially correlated with serum uric acid levels.

The Association of Cholesterol Transport ABCG1 Polymorphism towards the Susceptibility of Metabolic Syndrome risk factor in Thai Adolescents

Asian countries now suffers from a double burden issue that involves metabolic syndrome (MetS) even in the adolescent age. Many factors have been considered to explain this situation including genetic variation contribution to the susceptibility of said metabolic syndrome. ATP-Binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) is known in its role in cholesterol efflux that is strongly related in lipid accumulation and insulin performance. In addition to this gene modulation work in reverse cholesterol transport that is also connected with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. However, the effect of polymorphism in rs1044317 remains unclear. A total of 434 subjects in adolescent age were genotyped for ABCG1 rs1044317 by restricted fragmented length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction method. All the anthropometric and laboratory date was extracted by an approved protocol. The correlation of each variables was detected using SPSS ver.21. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the ABCG1 polymorphism were similar in both sexes. A significant correlation detected between adjusted males’ group with an increased level of interleukin-6 in wide genotype and an increased fasting blood sugar level in adjusted females’ group in variant genotype. The existence of rs1044317 ABCG1 SNP affected the susceptibility of specific criteria of MetS in Thai adolescence population. Additionally, there is a gender difference in the incidence of MetS, indicating a possible gene–gender interaction of the ABCG1 polymorphism in MetS among Thai adolescents.

Significance of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Immediate As Well As Long-Term Health Risk/s in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Probabilistic Model Using Dynamic Bayesian Network Analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous entity comprising broad spectra of ovarian disorders with trademark features of metabolic syndrome like insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidaemia to name a few. Hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome, has been suggested as a causative factor in spontaneous miscarriage in PCOS. However, it is yet to be resolved whether hyperhomocysteinemia has a contributory role in the pathogenesis or could direct long-term sequences of the syndrome. A total of 2355 women with history of one or more first trimester abortions were screened and 1539 were selected for the study. Selected patients were initially divided by the presence or absence of PCOS, while subsequent stratification was based on hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and/or obesity. The miscarriage population/s was mostly represented by hyperhomocysteinemia in both the cohorts (PCOS: 69.08% vs. non-PCOS: 56.68%). ROC-AUC values suggest increased predisposition of hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated miscarriage (hyperhomocysteinemia: 0.778; insulin resistance: 0.601; BMI: 0.548). A probabilistic causal model was designed using dynamic Bayesian network to evaluate the time-series data points before, during, and after pregnancy which revealed a possibility of 32.24% (n = 79) of PCOS cohort developing hypertension, 26.94% (n = 66) of onset of diabetes and 4.49% cardiovascular disease 3years following pregnancy. We conclude hyperhomocysteinemia may possibly contribute to spontaneous miscarriage and related to metabolic derailments later in life.

Changes in the Mucosa-Associated Microbiome and Transcriptome across Gut Segments Are Associated with Obesity in a Metabolic Syndrome Porcine Model.

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have suggested a role for gut mucosa-associated microbiota in the development of obesity, but the mechanisms involved are poorly defined. Here, the impact of the gut mucosa-associated microbiota on obesity and related metabolic disorders was evaluated in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) porcine model. Body composition was determined among male Wuzhishan minipigs consuming a high-energy diet (HED) and compared to that of those consuming a normal diet (ND), and gut segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) were sampled for paired analysis of mucosa-associated microbiota and transcriptome signatures with 16S rRNA gene and RNA sequencing, respectively. Our data indicated that long-term HED feeding significantly increased body weight and visceral fat deposition and aggravated metabolic disorders. Specially, HED feeding induced mucosa-associated microbiota dysbiosis and selectively increased the abundance of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae in the upper intestine. The association analysis indicated that specific bacteria play key roles in adiposity, e.g., Lactobacillus johnsonii in the duodenum, Actinobacillus indolicus in the jejunum, Acinetobacter johnsonii in the ileum, Clostridium butyricum in the cecum, Haemophilus parasuis in the colon, and bacterium NLAEzlP808, Halomonas taeheungii, and Shewanella sp. JNUH029 in the rectum. Transcriptome data further revealed intestinal lipid metabolism and immune dysfunction in the MetS individuals, which may be associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. Our results indicated that gut mucosa-associated microbiota dysbiosis has the potential to exacerbate obesity, partially through modulating systemic inflammatory responses.IMPORTANCE Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which is the most common cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. The link between obesity and gut mucosa-associated microbiota is unclear due to challenges associated with the collection of intestinal samples from humans. The current report provides the first insight into obesity-microbiome-gut immunity connections in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) porcine model. The present results show that dysbiosis of mucosal microbiota along the entire digestive tract play a critical role in the proinflammatory response in the host-microbial metabolism axis, resulting in obesity and related metabolic disorders in the MetS model.

Naringenin Prevents Inflammation, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Rat Liver Tissue: Roles of Cytochrome C, NF-κB, Caspase-3, and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine.

Background: Hyperuricemia (HU) is a metabolic disease characterized by high uric acid levels in the blood. HU is a risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular complications, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Purpose: The present study was performed to determine the effect of experimental HU on xanthine oxidase (XO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cytochrome C, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), caspase-3, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in liver tissues of rats. Study Design: Thirty-five, male, Wistar albino-type rats were used for this study. Experimental groups were formed as follows: Group 1: control group; Group 2: potassium oxonate (PO) group; group 3: PO+NAR (naringenin; 2 weeks) group; and Group 4: PO (2 weeks)+NAR (2 weeks) group (total of 4 weeks). Methods: The first group was not given anything other than normal rat food and drinking water. In the second group, a 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of PO was administered for 2 weeks. In the third group, 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal PO (application for 2 weeks) and 100 mg/kg NAR intraperitoneally 1 hr after each application were administered. In the fourth group, intraperitoneal PO administration was applied for 2 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal administration of NAR for 2 weeks (4 weeks in total). At the end of the experimental period, XO, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-17, cytochrome C, GPx, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG levels were determined in liver tissues. Results: HU increased XO, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-17, cytochrome C, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG levels in liver tissues. However, both 2 and 4 weeks of NAR supplementation decreased these values, and also NAR supplementation led to an increase in GPx levels in tissues. Conclusions: The results of the study show that increased inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in experimental HU can be prevented by administration of NAR due to inhibition of cytochrome C, NF-κB, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG.

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in individuals with recent-onset psychosis at disease onset and after 1-year follow-up

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of parameters encompassing the most dangerous heart attack risk factors, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is highly prevalent in recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients. In this pilot study, we evaluated MetS parameters (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting triglycerides, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), clinical symptoms, pharmacological treatment, lifestyle, and inflammatory markers in 69 patients with ROP and 61 healthy controls (HCs). At baseline, waist circumference (p = 0.005) and fasting triglycerides (p = 0.007) were higher in patients with ROP than in HCs. At the 1-year follow-up, patients showed clinical improvement, with a reduction in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score (p < 0.001), dietary intake (p = 0.001), and antipsychotic medication dose (p < 0.001); however, fasting glucose (p = 0.011), HDL-c (p = 0.013) and waist circumference worsened (p < 0.001). We identified sex, age, BMI, dietary intake, physical activity, daily tobacco use, daily cannabis use, and antipsychotic doses as risk factors contributing to baseline MetS parameters. After 1-year follow-up, those factors plus the PANSS and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) scores were associated with MetS parameters. Further studies are needed to understand the contributions of the studied risk factors in patients with ROP at onset and during disease progression.

Relationship Between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11558471 in the SLC30A8/ZnT8 Gene and Cardiometabolic Markers in Postmenopausal Women.

Postmenopausal women have more risk factors for metabolic syndrome, and genetic alterations in SLC30A8 (zinc transporter 8 [ZnT8]) are directly related to these factors. Our aim was to assess the relationship of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11558471 in the SLC30A8/ZnT8 gene with cardiometabolic markers in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study included 53 postmenopausal women divided into two groups according to the SNP genotype (AG + GG [n = 25] and AA [n = 28]). Anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical (glycemic, lipidic, hepatic, renal, and hormonal markers) variables were evaluated and compared between groups. No differences in glycemic, hepatic, renal, and hormonal markers were found between groups. However, the group with the polymorphic allele (AG + GG) had a better lipid profile than non-carriers (total cholesterol, p = 0.041; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], p = 0.035; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-c], p = 0.043). Logistic regression showed that the group with polymorphic allele had lower chances of increasing levels of LDL-c (odds ratio [OR] = 0.225, p = 0.012) and non-HDL-c (OR = 0.316, p = 0.045). After adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, and use of diabetes and dyslipidemia drugs, only LDL-c remained associated (OR = 0.218; p = 0.017). The variant allele of SNP rs11558471 in the SLC30A8 gene was associated with better LDL-c levels, which helps reduce the risks for cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.

Role of β-Klotho and Malondialdehyde in Metabolic Disorders, HIV Infection, and Antiretroviral Therapy.

Metabolic alterations, resulting from factors such as obesity or infections (HIV), generate inflammation in the body, affecting the immune system and causing oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) conditions the appearance of alterations considered risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), affecting the quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). β-klotho is a protein that can counteract levels of oxidative stress. The aim was to determine the relation of β-klotho and oxidative stress with metabolic alterations in PLWHA. We hypothesized that levels of β-klotho and malondialdehyde (MDA) are related in PLWHA on ART with overweight/obesity. As a result of comparing cases versus controls, significant differences were obtained in levels of β-klotho (p = 0.011), MDA (p < 0.0001), body mass index (p = 0.001), and weight (p < 0.0001). The presence of MetS in PLWHA was 21.2% and 10.6% according to the World Health Organization and ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, respectively. The founded correlations were of β-klotho (r = 0.019) and MDA (r = 0.0001), both with CD4+ cells in PLWHA. In controls, β-klotho was correlated with very low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.035) and atherogenic index (AI; r = 0.037), MDA with AI (r = 0.039), cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.002). The increase of inflammation in the organism, owing to HIV infection and/or the presence of obesity, conditions metabolic disruption or depletion of elements needed for homeostasis in the human body.

Effect of Lifestyle Modification Training on the Control of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Nurses Working Selected Military Hospital

Effect of Lifestyle Modification Training on the Control of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Nurses Working Selected Military Hospital

Hypogonadism as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Diseases in Patients with Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis After Treatment

In the last few decades the rate of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has been increased worldwide. This type of neoplasia is one of the main causes of cancer mortality in young men. But in the case of correct management, rational chemotherapy (CT) regimens and timely diagnosis, almost 95% of patients can achieve full recovery. At the same time, there is an increased risk of side effects after CT, namely: infertility, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) as a set of metabolic disorders based on hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The objective: to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with TGCTs in five or more years after initial treatment. Materials and methods. 68 patients with TGCTs 18-55 years old were examined. Unilateral high orchiectomy and follow-up observed management were performed in 14 patients, adjuvant chemotherapy for 1-2 cycles of PE (cisplatin + etoposide) or REВ (cisplatin + etoposide + bleocin) – in 22 persons, standard CT PE or REВ (&lt;850 mg cisplatin) – 20 individuals, highdose CT for more than 4 cycles with the inclusion of cisplatin (total dose&gt; 850 mg) – 12 patients. The control group included 29 men of the appropriate age. During the study we determined: total testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI). A comparative analysis of the results of treatment of all groups with the control group was performed. Results. The analysis of risk factors for MS in patients with TGCTs after CT performed the significantly higher levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, elevated BMI. At the same time, the level of T was reduced in patients with MS. Hypogonadism was found in 12 (22 %) patients after CT and in 1 (6 %) patient with seminoma stage I after unilateral orchiectomy. MS was detected in 3 (24 %) of 12 patients with hypogonadism and in 9 (22 %) of the 42 patients in the CT group. However, in the patients with TGCTs with hypogonadism after CT, higher BMI and lower T levels were determined. T levels were lower and LH and FSH were higher in patients who received CT compared with the persons control group. Conclusions. In the patients with testicular germ cell tumors with signs of hypogonadism there is a significantly higher risk of development of metabolic syndrome after chemotherapy. Such patients require long-term annual examination and monitoring of sex hormone levels.

Effectuality of Aerobic Exercise in Alleviating Signs and Symptoms of PCOS Among Female Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College of Hubballi, Karnataka

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted disorder found among females of the reproductive age. The disease is on its rise because of lifestyle and environmental changes occurring with modernization. Prevalence of PCOS is highly variable ranging from 2.2% to 26% globally. In India the prevalence was reported 9.13% and 22.5% by Rotterdam’s criteria and androgen excess society criteria respectively. Aerobic Exercise increases energy expenditure and physical activity in PCOS have shown to have a good impact on improving the anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, waist circumference, and metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, IR, and lipid profile thus reducing metabolic syndrome and other risk factors associated with PCOS such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and infertility. Statement of Problem: “Effectuality of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among female nursing students at selected nursing college of Hubballi.” Objectives: To assess the signs and symptoms of nursing students with PCOS in both the experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms PCOS among nursing students with PCOS in experimental group. To compare the post-test scores regarding signs and symptoms of PCOS of nursing students in experimental and control group. To find out an association between pre-test scores of experimental group with their selected socio-demographical variables. To find out an association between pre-test scores of control group with their selected socio-demographical variables. Methodology: A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among nursing students of selected Nursing College, Hubballi. The research design used for the study was Quasi-experimental; Pre-Test, Post- Test Control Group Design. The setting of the study was KLES’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vidyanagar, Hubballi and SVP MVP Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubballi. Results: Revealed that in experimental group, majority of subjects 9(60%) had moderate PCOS symptoms, 6(40%) had severe menstrual symptoms in pre-test, where as in post test 9(60%) had mild PCOS symptoms and 6(40%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In control group, majority of the subjects 10(66%) severe PCOS symptoms and 5(34%) had moderate PCOS symptoms in pre test, where as in post-test all of the subjects 15(100%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In Experimental Group The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 13.62)* was greater than the tabulated value (ttab=2.14). Hence H1 was accepted. In Control Group. The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 9.81)* was greater than the tabulated value (t tab=2.14). Hence H2 was accepted. The calculated unpaired ‘t’ value for experimental and control group t cal value (8.00)* was greater than the ttab value (2.043). This indicates that the mean reduction in PCOS symptom scores of nursing students in the experimental group who have practiced aerobic exercises was higher than those in the control group Hence H3 was accepted. There was no statistical association between pre test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in experimental group and their selected demographic variables Hence H4 was rejected. There was no statistical association between pre-test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in control group and their selected demographic variables. Hence H5 was not accepted. Conclusion: Therefore, the study concluded that, the overall pre-test PCOS score was moderate to severe. The post-test scores of nursing students who performed aerobic exercise showed significant reduction in signs &amp; symptoms of PCOS. There was no significant association between the pre test hemoglobin level of subjects and their selected demographic variable. Keywords: PCOS, Aerobic exercise, nursing students, experimental group, control group.