Risk Factors In Women Research Articles

Determination of Dyadic Adjustment, Marriage and Sexual Satisfaction as Risk Factors for Women with Lifelong Vaginismus: A Case Control Study.

This study was conducted to assess dyadic adjustment, marriage, and sexual satisfaction as risk factors for women with lifelong vaginismus. This is a case-control study. A total of 142 women were included in the study: 71 women with a diagnosis of lifetime vaginismus constituted the study group and 71 women without a history of vaginismus/painful sexual activity constituted the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), the Marriage Satisfaction Scale (MSS), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Duration of marriage (OR = 1.344), frequency of sexual intercourse (OR = 0.059), marital satisfaction (OR = 1.450), sexual satisfaction (OR = 0.901), and consensus (OR = 1.749), which is a sub-dimension of RDAS, were found to be risk factors increasing likelihood of vaginismus by 83% (χ2 = 140.191, p < .001). In addition, those with low level of education, diagnosed with a psychological disorder (anxiety, depression, etc.), who found their spouse's body disgusting, who scored lower in MAS sub-dimensions, and who received lower total score in the RDAS and its satisfaction subdimension were more likely to have vaginismus (p < .05). Duration of marriage, sexual intercourse frequency, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and consensus are important risk factors for vaginismus. It may be incomplete to consider vaginismus only as a vaginal penetration problem. Women's demographic characteristics, dyadic adjustment, and marital and sexual satisfaction should be handled in a holistic manner.

The Effect of Weight Cycling on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Women

Aim: This study aims to examine weight cycling causes cardiometabolic risks in women. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 60 volunteer women between the ages of 25-45 years who applied to Baskent University Hospital Endocrine Department for weight control. Individuals were applied a questionnaire face to face. Some biochemical parameters were taken from the patient files and anthropometric measurements were evaluated by dietitian. The individuals participating in the study were divided into two groups as those who experienced weight cycling (n: 20) and those who did not (n: 40). Results: The mean BMI was 31.6 ± 4.76 kg/m2 in the weight cyclers and 25.4 ± 4.49 kg/m2 in non-cyclers (p&amp;lt;0.05). The mean waist and hip circumference, waist / hip ratio, total body fat percentage and fat mass were higher in the weight cyclers compared to the non-cyclers (p&amp;lt;0.05). The mean total cholesterol level was 202.2 ± 44.05 mg/dL and 178.1 ± 3 3.39 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level was 140.0 ± 40.29 mg/dL and 114.1 ± 28.99 mg/dL, triglyceride level was 129.0 ± 39.52 mg/dl and 99.3 ± 38.37 mg/dL in the weight cyclers and non-cyclers groups, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Weight cycling may be considered as a cardiometabolic risk factor.

Maternal Risk Factors in Women With Breast Cancer in AlNajaf Province

Recently, breast cancer has been considered as an increasing problem specially in Iraq . This study wasdesigned to investigate maternal risk factors of breast cancer in Al-Najaf Province . A Convenience sampleof (40) patients was taken in this study during the period from Dec. .2019 to Apr. 2020 . The result of thepresent study shows that the majority of the women were between the age (30-40) years show the breastcancer increase in this age group. The results of the current study also showed that the vast majority at thewomen were married. The current study also showed that about (27.5%) and (22%) at the studied women aresuffering from hypertension and diabetes mellitus respectively. The present study reveal that about (32.5)ofthe women did not practice breast feeding ,(42.5) of them less than 2 years breast feeding. The present studyrevealed that about 60%of the women didn’t exposed to passive smoking and 40% of the women exposedto passive smoking , other study explain the second hand smoke have been suggested to increase the riskof breast cancer. The present study indicated that approximately all investigated women (39of 40)have nomedical history of ovarian polycystic disease . It was concluded that the most contributing risk factors in theoccurrence Education, BMI , contraceptive use ,passive smoking and age. It is recommended to establishan education program to enhance the awareness of women about the risk factors that have been recorded inthis study .

Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Are We Getting to the "Heart" of the Matter?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and peripartum cardiomyopathy, is a leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States. Women who are African American or American Indian/Alaskan Native, have HDP, are medically underserved, are older, or are obese have a major risk for the onset and/or progression of CVD during and after pregnancy. Paradoxically, women with no preexisting chronic conditions or risk factors also experience significant pregnancy-related cardiovascular (CV) complications. The question remains whether substantial physiologic stress on the CV system during pregnancy reflected in hemodynamic, hematological, and metabolic changes uncovers subclinical prepregnancy CVD in these otherwise healthy women. Equally important and similarly understudied is the concept that women's long-term CV health could be detrimentally affected by adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and diabetes, and preterm birth. Thus, a critical life span perspective in the assessment of women's CV risk factors is needed to help women and health care providers recognize and appreciate not only optimal CV health but also risk factors present before, during, and after pregnancy. In this review article, we highlight new advancements in understanding adverse, pregnancy-related CV conditions and will discuss promising strategies or interventions for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Nontraditional Risk factors in Women with Angina- An Outpatient Study

Nontraditional Risk factors in Women with Angina- An Outpatient Study

THE EFFECT OF MYOINOSITOL AND METFORMIN ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Cardiovascular risk is increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Do insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin (MET) and myoinositol (MI) ameliorate biomarkers of cardiovascular risk? To compare the effects of MET and MI on blood pressure, lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in women with PCOS in respect to their body mass index (BMI). Open label, parallel randomized, single center study. Sixty six women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of hormones, lipid profile, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), hs-CRP, blood pressure measurement and clinical assessment of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and Ferriman Gallwey score (FG score) were performed before and after treatment. Thirty patients in each group completed the trial. Compared with MET, MI significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.036) and significantly increased serum hs-CRP (p=0.043). No differences between groups in total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL and triglycerides were reported after 6 months. Treatment with MI reduced BMI (p=0.037), WC (p=0.005), DBP (p=0.021) and TC (p=0.008). During MET treatment a significant decrease in BMI (p=0.005), WC (p=0.004), FG score (p=0.001), testosterone (p=0.013) and free androgen index (FAI) (p=0.006) was observed. Our study showed an advantage of MI in reduction of DBP and TC thus predicting favorable metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in PCOS women. MET more effectively decrease indices of hyperandrogenism.

Hyperleptinemia is correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Hyperleptinemia is correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Women's Reports of Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Analysis of Six East African National Surveys.

Violence against women, in all its forms, has been acknowledged as a violation of basic human rights and research evidence shows that it could lead to adverse health consequences. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and coexistence of different forms of IPV as well as examine individual-level factors associated with ever experiencing any form of IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey using the most recent Demographic Health Survey data from six East African countries. Results show that the prevalence ranged between 16.5% (Burundi) and 29.3% (Uganda) for emotional, 16.8% (Ethiopia) and 26.6% (Tanzania) for physical, and 8.3% (Rwanda and Ethiopia) and 18.4% (Burundi) for sexual IPV. The prevalence of any IPV ranged from 26.7% to 39.3%. In terms of coexistence, 15.6% to 19.0% of women reported experiencing all the three forms of IPV, with higher proportions reporting experiencing two of the three forms of IPV. The prevalence of both physical and emotional IPV was highest in Tanzania (49.1%), both emotional and sexual IPV in Uganda (28.0%), and both physical and sexual IPV in Burundi (26.2%). A partner's use of alcohol and a woman's justification of wife beating were both statistically significant common risk factors for IPV across the six countries. Women whose partners got drunk often were found to be up to nine times more likely to experience IPV compared to those whose partners did not drink. Younger women and those with larger families were at an increased risk of experiencing IPV, while other significant factors were country specific. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need for integrated and context-specific approaches that deconstruct gendered norms related to power dynamics and patriarchal nuances at household and community level in order to holistically address different forms of IPV.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Unique Pregnancy-Associated Risk Factors in Women

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women. Beyond conventional cardiovascular risk factors, women additionally face sex-specific cardiovascular disease risk factors, which include a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes include the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational age delivery. Here, we review sex differences in cardiovascular disease with an emphasis on pregnancy-associated risk factors and discuss implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in women. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, have been linked to diverse cardiovascular conditions, accelerated cardiovascular aging, and multimorbidity. Chronic hypertension appears to be a key mediator of accelerated cardiovascular disease risk in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Recent genetic analyses suggest a shared genetic predisposition between adverse cardiometabolic traits and development of hypertension in pregnancy. Mechanisms linking gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, small-for-gestational age delivery, and infertility to cardiovascular disease are less well understood. The mechanisms linking adverse pregnancy outcomes to future cardiovascular disease remain incompletely understood. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and the implications of adverse pregnancy outcomes for cardiovascular disease prevention.

How Intimate Partner Violence and Intersectional Identities Converge to Influence Women's Sexual Health across Environmental Contexts.

In this qualitative study, authors examine women's sexual risk and protective factors based on their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and positioning within society relative to power. This analysis examines sexual risk and protective factors across intersectional identities-including gender, race, socioeconomic conditions, and age-among women survivors of IPV. The sample (N = 28) included women of diverse ages (range = 22-60 years) and races (57 percent White, 14 percent African American, 11 percent Hispanic, 7 percent Native American, 7 percent multiracial, and 4 percent South Asian). Findings demonstrated that IPV experiences differentially affect women's sexual health according to intersectional identities and across various levels of environmental context by influencing the (in)stability of their lives and their experiences of (dis)empowerment. This analysis offers a nuanced understanding of how social workers can support women in planning for their own sexual health and safety and shows how an intersectional feminist framework enriches our understanding of the grand challenge to "build healthy relationships to end violence."

Tubal Abnormalities on Hysterosalpingography and Select Risk Factors in Women Undergoing Infertility Evaluation in Makurdi, Nigeria

Tubal Abnormalities on Hysterosalpingography and Select Risk Factors in Women Undergoing Infertility Evaluation in Makurdi, Nigeria

The Relationship of Osteoprotegerin with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Relationship of Osteoprotegerin with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Tuberculosis in Pregnancy.

Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy poses a substantial risk of morbidity to both the pregnant woman and the fetus if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Assessing the risk of having Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is essential to determining when further evaluation should occur. Obstetrician-gynecologists are in a unique position to identify individuals with infection and facilitate further evaluation and follow up as needed. A TB evaluation consists of a TB risk assessment, medical history, physical examination, and a symptom screen; a TB test should be performed if indicated by the TB evaluation. If a pregnant woman has signs or symptoms of TB or if the test result for TB infection is positive, active TB disease must be ruled out before delivery, with a chest radiograph and other diagnostics as indicated. If active TB disease is diagnosed, it should be treated; providers must decide when treatment of latent TB infection is most beneficial. Most women will not require latent TB infection treatment while pregnant, but all require close follow up and monitoring. Treatment should be coordinated with the TB control program within the respective jurisdiction and initiated based on the woman's risk factors including social history, comorbidities (particularly human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection), and concomitant medications.

Abstract B108: Using patient navigation to inform determinants of breast cancer disparities among under-resourced women in Chicago

Abstract Background: Under-resourced women are subject to many factors that increase their risk of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer, such as being uninsured or underinsured and not having a medical home or primary care provider. They may also lack additional resources to access care such as transportation. Due to variance in mammography recommendations among health organizations, lack of knowledge or confusion about when to receive screening also poses a challenge to both women and providers. Objective: A partnership between University of Illinois (UI) Cancer Center, UI Hospital &amp; Health System, and Chicago Department of Public Health was developed to initiate an implementation science program that aims to mitigate these barriers by providing free breast cancer screening services and patient navigation to under-resourced women at our Mile Square Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). The program also aims to increase community partnerships to extend community outreach and identify factors that facilitate or challenge women's access to breast care services. Methods: Breast health screening and navigation services are offered at 5 Mile Square FQHC clinics and through “mammography party” events with community partners. Navigators facilitate women's care through screening and any follow-up services, link patients to additional resources, and provide breast health education. Data obtained through electronic medical records and direct correspondence with women and providers are managed securely in REDCap and analyzed with SPSS software. A program evaluation will be implemented in September 2018. Program activities are ongoing. Results: Four hundred ten women completed a screening mammogram from August 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. Ninety-seven percent of women were racial minorities, most of whom were Latina (60.2%), African American (31.5%) and uninsured (67.8%). Among this cohort of women, the recall rate (24.6%) and cancer detection rate (17 per 1000) exceeded Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium 2013 recall and cancer detection rate benchmarks (11.5% and 4.8 per 1000, respectively). Ages of women diagnosed (n=7) ranged from 40 to 68 years. The majority of diagnosed women were uninsured (n=6), 4 of whom were not eligible for health insurance. Conclusion: Patient navigation has proven to be effective in increasing breast cancer screening rates, access to care and resources, and disseminating breast health education; however, systematic barriers to care still persist. Although the Affordable Care Act has been instrumental in increasing the number of insured Americans, health care costs still pose a significant challenge for those who are underinsured or not eligible to be insured. Additionally, our data imply that some recommended guidelines for mammography may not address the screening needs for women who are at higher risk for breast cancer, and more personalized screening based on a woman's individual risk factors may be instrumental in ameliorating breast cancer disparities. Citation Format: Vida Henderson, Karriem Watson, Kathy Tossas-Milligan, Erica Martinez, Mariela Rodriguez, Barbara Williams, Paola Torres, Lisa Aponte-Soto, Robert Winn. Using patient navigation to inform determinants of breast cancer disparities among under-resourced women in Chicago [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B108.

Lifetime Prevalence of Abortion and Risk Factors in Women: Evidence from a Cohort Study.

Background 10-20% of pregnancies end due to spontaneous abortions. In recent years, nondocumentary evidence has been indicative of an increase in the prevalence of nonspontaneous abortions in Iran, especially in the Kurdish regions. The aim of this study is to assess the lifetime prevalence of spontaneous abortions and factors affecting spontaneous abortion in women 35-65 years old. Method Data from the recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study was used. All of the 4831 married women 35-65 years old and with history of pregnancy were included in this study. In order to determine the abortion ratio, the number of abortions was divided by the number of live births, and multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associated factors affecting abortion. Results About 25.7% of women had a history of spontaneous abortion. The abortion ratio in women was 0.10. The abortion ratio in women with secondary education, first pregnancy and marriage age at ≥26, socioeconomic condition, and hyperthyroid and diabetes was high while the abortion ratio of women with high physical activity and BMI < 18.9 or residents of rural area was low. After assessing the effective variables, it was found that women with high blood pressure have 63% less odds for nonspontaneous abortion, which is statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion Considering the effect of factors such as level of education, older age at the first marriage, and age at the first pregnancy on increased chance of spontaneous abortion, measures should be taken to take more care for these people.

Are all Sedentary Behaviors Equal? An Examination of Sedentary Behavior and Associations with Indicators of Disease Risk Factors in Women.

Sedentary behavior increases risk for non-communicable diseases; associations may differ within different contexts (e.g., leisure time, occupational). This study examined associations between different types of sedentary behavior and disease risk factors in women, using objectively measured accelerometer-derived sedentary data. A validation study (n = 20 women) classified sedentary behavior into four categories: lying down; sitting (non-active); sitting (active); standing. A cross-sectional study (n = 348 women) examined associations between these classifications and disease risk factors (body composition, metabolic, inflammatory, blood lipid variables). Participants spent an average of 7 h 42 min per day in sedentary behavior; 58% of that time was classified as non-active sitting and 26% as active sitting. Non-active sitting showed significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlations with BMI (r = 0.244), body fat percent (r = 0.216), body mass (r = 0.236), fat mass (r = 0.241), leptin (r = 0.237), and negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.117, p = 0.031). Conversely, active sitting was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.300), body fat percent (r = −0.249), body mass (r = −0.305), fat mass (r = −0.320), leptin (r = −0.259), and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.115, p = 0.035). In summary, sedentary behavior can be stratified using objectively measured accelerometer-derived activity data. Subsequently, different types of sedentary behaviors may differentially influence disease risk factors. Public health initiatives should account for sedentary classifications when developing sedentary behavior recommendations.

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Metabolic Risk Factors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shaanxi China.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age, which is characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the vitamin D status, and analyze the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic risk factors in PCOS women in Shaanxi China.Methods: A cross-sectional study included 169 women diagnosed with PCOS and 114 control women without PCOS. The serum 25(OH)D and metabolic markers were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration less than 20 ng/mL. The primary outcome was the difference in vitamin D status between the PCOS and control groups, the secondary outcomes were correlations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and metabolic risk factors in women with PCOS.Results: The serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in women with PCOS than in controls (P < 0.05), and the prevalence rates of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls (P < 0.05). The serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in PCOS women with obesity or IR than in women without obesity or IR (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in PCOS women with obesity or IR was significantly higher than in women without obesity or IR (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P < 0.05). In comparison, serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Increased BMI and WHR, high levels of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C and hs-CRP were regarded as risk factors, but high level of HDL-C was considered to be protective factor of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS women.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in PCOS women in Shaanxi China, especially in those with obesity and IR. The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated with metabolic risk factors in PCOS women. Multi-center randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed to probe the metabolic effect of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women.

Assessment of Women's Risk Factors and Preventive Measures toward Cervical Cancer: A study in Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Assessment of Women's Risk Factors and Preventive Measures toward Cervical Cancer: A study in Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The impact of alcohol consumption and physical activity on breast cancer: The role of breast cancer risk.

High alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are known breast cancer risk factors. However, whether the association between these lifestyle factors and breast cancer is modified by a woman's additional breast cancer risk factors has never been studied. Therefore, a population‐based prospective cohort study of 57,654 Swedish women aged 40–74 years, including 957 breast cancer cases, was performed. Alcohol consumption and physical activity were measured with validated web‐based self‐report questionnaires. The Tyrer–Cuzick risk prediction model was used to determine a woman's 10‐year risk of developing breast cancer. Logistic regression models were used to explore whether the effect of alcohol consumption and physical activity on breast cancer was modified by additional breast cancer risk factors. Findings showed that increased alcohol consumption was associated with a higher breast cancer risk (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01, 1.59). However, the association between lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption and physical activity) and breast cancer was generally the same for women at below average, average and above average risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, additional breast cancer risk factors do not appear to modify the association between lifestyle (alcohol consumption and physical activity) and breast cancer. Considering the general health benefits, preventative lifestyle recommendations can be formulated about alcohol consumption and physical activity for women at all levels of breast cancer risk.

The Roles of Alcohol Use Severity and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms as Risk Factors for Women's Intimate Partner Violence Experiences.

Background: To reduce women's risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), it is critical to elucidate malleable psychiatric and behavioral health risk factors. We aimed to identify if alcohol use problems moderate the associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and past-year IPV victimization experiences among female veterans, a population at high risk for IPV. Methods: Female veterans (N = 198) completed mail surveys assessing PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV at two time points between 2012 and 2013. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use at Time 1 with past-year IPV at Time 2. Results: More than a third of women (36.9%) reported past-year IPV. Alcohol use severity significantly moderated the association between PTSD symptoms and past-year physical IPV. Specifically, there was a significant positive association between PTSD symptoms and past-year IPV at high levels of alcohol use severity, but not at low or average levels of alcohol use. Although both PTSD symptoms and alcohol use were independent risk factors for past-year sexual and psychological IPV, no moderating effect was found for these IPV types. Conclusions: Findings can inform tailored IPV, psychiatric, and behavioral health screening and counseling. Such practices may reduce psychiatric distress and IPV risk.