Risk Factors For DM Research Articles

Development of Family Empowerment Model in Diabetes Management Among Type 2 DM Patients

Background: Diabetes management has not been optimally implemented by patients, considering the high incidence of diabetes complications. Therefore, family empowerment is important for diabetes management. Objective: This study aims to determine factors related to diabetes management, inhibiting, and supporting factors for diabetes management to develop a family-based educational model in diabetes management through expert testing.Methods: This research used Mixed Methods design with an Explanatory Sequential Design approach. A cross-sectional approach to 207 people with DM selection using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected by questionnaire, in-depth interview, and Delphi study. Data analysis using chi-square and logistic regression. The development of family empowerment model is based on the theory Ladder of Empowerment, Social Cohesion, and Family Support. Results: Research results showed that good knowledge of patients, good family empowerment, and absence of DM risk factors are related to diabetes management. Model development and expert testing (Delphi Study) of the model find that a family-based diabetes management module is needed. Conclusion: A good family-based diabetes management module includes aspects of Self-Instructional, Self-Contained, Stand Alone, Adaptive, and User-Friendly aspects. This module is expected to improve diabetes management for patients and their families so that diabetes complications can be prevented and the patient's quality of life increases.

The relationship of knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus risk factors with the healthy lifestyle among nursing students

Background: The incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in young age groups continues to increase. Student knowledge about diabetes risk factors is still in the category of lacking so that students cannot apply healthy lifestyle implementation behaviors correctly. Purpose: The study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and healthy living behavior in students of the Faculty of Nursing, Andalas University. Methods: The design of this study was cross sectional. The sample number was 218 students of the Faculty of Nursing and used the propotional random sampling technique. The research data was collected with DM risk factor knowledge questionnaire and healthy lifestyle application questionnaire through Google form media. Data analysis using chi-square test. Result: Researchers found that there was a relationship between knowledge of DM risk factors and the application of a healthy lifestyle (p = 0.002), where knowledge about DM risk factors was obtained in the sufficient category with the application of a low healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Therefore, it is still necessary to increase student knowledge about diabetes mellitus risk factors.

Risk of diabetes mellitus in systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the risk of DM and evaluate the impact of SLE therapies on the risk of developing DM in patients with SLE. Electronic database searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were performed from inception to February 2023. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that analysed the risk of DM in patients with SLE were included. The associations between diabetes and antirheumatic agents, such as antimalarials and glucocorticoids, were analysed in cohort studies. Data were pooled using fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled odd ratios (OR), relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023402774). A total of 37 studies (23 cross-sectional and 14 cohort studies) involving 266 537 patients with SLE were included. The pooled analyses from cross-sectional studies and cohort studies did not show an increased risk of DM in SLE patients (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.87-1.27; P = 0.63 and RR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.93-1.87; P = 0.12, respectively). However, several cohort studies consistently demonstrated a reduced risk of diabetes with antimalarials, while glucocorticoid use has been associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. Age, sex, hypertension and immunosuppressants have not been identified as risk factors for DM in SLE patients. Although there was no increased risk of DM in patients with SLE compared with controls, HCQ users or adherents had a decreased risk, whereas glucocorticoid users had an increased risk.

Relationship between manganese minerals and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mini review

Indonesia is the fourth country with the largest prevalence of DM in the world which is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle. Risk factors for DM that cannot be modified include race, ethnicity, age, gender, genetics from a family with DM, history of giving birth >4 kg and LBW <2.5 kg. Meanwhile risk factors that can be modified include overweight, abdominal/central obesity, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure (hypertension), dyslipidemia, high calorie and unbalanced diet, prediabetes with impaired blood glucose tolerance levels (IGT 140 -199 mg/dl) or impaired fasting blood glucose levels (GDPT <140 mg/dl) as well as smoking habits. Several studies have revealed that dietary manganese is related to type 2 DM. However, the relationship between manganese diet and type 2 DM in women cannot yet be explained through a definite pathophysiological pathway after all confounding variables have been adjusted for, so it still needs to be studied further, especially regarding manganese analysis methods in assessing manganese status. which is usually based on the concentration of manganese in plasma/serum and all blood components.

Risk factors of diabetes and cancer-specific mortalities in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study.

Breast cancer is considered one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Diabetes (DM) increases mortality among postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Our study aims to identify the risk factors of DM-specific mortality and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) mortality in patients with IDC of the breast. Data of IDC patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2016. Independent variables included age, race, marital status, the primary site of IDC, breast subtype, the disease stage, grade, chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and Binary regression tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. A total of 673 533 IDC patients were analyzed. Of them, 4224 died due to DM and 116 822 died due to IDC. Factors that increase the risk of overall, IDC-specific, and DM-specific mortalities include older age, black race, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or surgery. Additionally, the IDC mortality increased with separated status, all primary sites, all breast subtypes, and stage IV. In patients with IDC, controlling DM besides cancer is recommended to reduce the mortality risk. Old, black, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment are common risk factors for DM- and IDC-mortality.

Risk Factors for Stroke Events in Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Background: Based on Stroke data in the Bahteramas Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2019, there were 53 cases. In 2020 the number of stroke cases was 119 cases and in 2021 the number of stroke cases was 164 cases. The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors for Hypertension, DM, Cholesterol and Diet against the incidence of Stroke in the Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
 Methods: This study used a Case Control Study approach. The population numbered 136 people. The Study Sample totaled 68 of Stroke patients and 68 of patients who did not stroke. The sample technique is Simple Random Sampling. The data is processed using the Odds Ratio Test and logistic regression.
 Result: The results showed that hypertension is a risk factor with an OR value of 12,963, Diabetes Mellitus or OR value of 2,263, cholesterol OR value of 7,756 and a diet of OR value of 1,304. Regression tests showed that hypertension and cholesterol were the factors most at risk for stroke
 Conclusion: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and diet are risk factors for the incidence of stroke in the Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The most dominant factors at risk for the incidence of stroke are hypertension and cholesterol.

Analysis of PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Tulungagung in 2022

Background. Non-communicable diseases are still a global and national problem. Around 71% of deaths worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases, and about 36 million people per year died from them in 2016. One of these preventions is the prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM), which can be done by knowing the risk factors. There are two risk factors for type-2 DM: the ones we can change and the ones we cannot change. We can change our lifestyle, such as what food we consume, rest patterns, physical activity, and stress management. In contrast, we cannot change age and genetics. Objective. This research aimed to analyze PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods. This research is a cross-sectional study carried out at selected Puskesmas (Community Health Center) in Tulungagung Regency between April and July 2022. The selection of research locations was based on the area’s characteristics in Tulungagung Regency, namely urban Puskesmas, rural Puskesmas, and mountainous Puskesmas. One Puskesmas represented each region. Results. Based on data from the Health Department of Tulungagung, with the results of 546 type-2 DM patients, only 34% participated in the PROLANIS (chronic disease management program) activities. Of those who participated in PROLANIS, 36% could control their type-2 DM, which means there were still many type-2 DMs that had not been controlled. Conclusion. There was a relationship between attendance in PROLANIS activities and controlled blood sugar levels in patients with type-2 DM.

Hospital admission after primary care consultation for community-onset lower urinary tract infection: a cohort study of risks and predictors using linked data.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common indication for antibiotic prescriptions, reductions in which would reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Risk stratification of patients allows reductions to be made safely. To identify risk factors for hospital admission following UTI, to inform targeted antibiotic stewardship. Retrospective cohort study of East London primary care patients. Hospital admission outcomes following primary care consultation for UTI were analysed using linked data from primary care, secondary care, and microbiology, from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2017. The outcomes analysed were urinary infection-related hospital admission (UHA) and all-cause hospital admission (AHA) within 30 days of UTI in primary care. Odds ratios between specific variables (demographic characteristics, prior antibiotic exposure, and comorbidities) and the outcomes were predicted using generalised estimating equations, and fitted to a final multivariable model including all variables with a P-value <0.1 on univariable analysis. Of the 169 524 episodes of UTI, UHA occurred in 1336 cases (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7 to 0.8) and AHA in 6516 cases (3.8%, 95% CI = 3.8 to 3.9). On multivariable analysis, increased odds of UHA were seen in patients aged 55-74 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.49) and ≥75 years (AOR 3.24), relative to adults aged 16-34 years. Increased odds of UHA were also associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD; AOR 1.55), urinary catheters (AOR 2.01), prior antibiotics (AOR 1.38 for ≥3 courses), recurrent UTI (AOR 1.33), faecal incontinence (FI; AOR 1.47), and diabetes mellitus (DM; AOR 1.37). Urinary infection-related hospital admission after primary care consultation for community-onset lower UTI was rare; however, increased odds for UHA were observed for some patient groups. Efforts to reduce antibiotic prescribing for suspected UTI should focus on patients aged <55 years without risk factors for complicated UTI, recurrent UTI, DM, or FI.

Association of Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Coronary Lesion Severity in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan

Introduction: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of worldwide death. A number of markers have been identified in terms of the atherogenic potential of the lipid profile.The TG/HDL-C ratio is an easy and economical non-invasive examination method as a predictor of coronary heart disease severity. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of the TG/HDL ratio with the severity of coronary lesions. Method: This cross-sectional study included 53 acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing coronary angiography. Exclusion criteria include (1)AMI patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy, (2) Patients who have routinely consumed lipid lowering drug for 6 weeks,(3) Incomplete coronary angiography and medical records. The TG/HDL ratio is the result of dividing the triglyceride value by HDL. The TG/HDL ratio was divided into 2 groups, namely the TG/HDL ratio &lt;4 group and the TG/HDL ratio &gt;4 group. The severity of coronary lesions was described by the SYNTAX score, which was divided into two: the low SYNTAX score group (≤22) and patients with a low SYNTAX score (≤22) and medium-high SYNTAX score (≥23). Bivariate analysis was performed to find the relationship between the TG/HDL ratio and the SYNTAX score. The value of p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From 53 patients, 26 patients (49.1%) had a SYNTAX score ≥ 23 and 27 patients (50.9%) had a SYNTAX score &lt; 23. Patients with NSTEMI, DM risk factors, and obesity were higher in the SYNTAX score group ≥23. From the results of statistical analysis, there was a significant relationship between the TG/HDL ratio with coronary lesion severity (p = 0,004). Conclusion: Enhancement of TG/HDL ratio is correlated with coronary lesion severity in acute myocardial infarction patients using the SYNTAX score.

Survey peningkatan resiko penyakit DM di masa Pandemi covid-19 Di wilayah Kabupaten Ponorogo tahun 2021

DM is a chronic disease that cannot be cured but can only be reduced and blood sugar levels controlled. Blood sugar levels of DM patients can be controlled and reduced by pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic that can increase the risk of DM is stress. Stress due to the declining level of the community's economy can be due to losing a job, increasing the burden of living and others. At times of stress can increase levels of the hormone cortisol which can increase blood sugar levels. During the pandemic, people are afraid to leave the house so that activity decreases so that it will reduce the use of blood sugar by cells so that blood sugar increasesThe method used in this research is a survey by distributing a google form questionnaire with the link https://forms.gle/EsCR4qnoj62LZFnv9 via WA Online media to the community in the Ponorogo district from 6-15 October 2021 so that the number of respondents who fit the sample criteria is as much as 122 respondents. Measurement of DM risk factors using the FINDRISC questionnaire is a questionnaire that helps to identify the risk of DM disease.The results of the Survey on Increasing the Risk of DM Disease During the Covid 19 Pandemic in the Ponorogo Regency Region in 2021 it is known that from 122 respondents, 60 (49%) low risk respondents, 45 (36%) risk respondents slightly increased, 8 (7%) risk respondents medium, 8 (7%) high risk respondents and 1 (1%) very high risk respondents.

Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients with gout

BACKGROUND : Patients with gout often take glucocorticoids (GCs) and are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). AIM : Evaluation of the effect of long-term use of low doses of GCs on the risk of developing DM in patients with gout based on the results of a retrospective observation MATERIALS AND METHODS : 317 out of 444 patients with gout and no DM2 who participated in a prospective study of risk factors for DM2 were included. The sample did not include patients who used GCs during the observation period to relieve an acute attack of arthritis, regardless of the method of their use (n=88) and who did not complete the study (n=39). The remaining patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: those who continuously took prednisolone at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for ≥180 days and did not use GCs during the observation period. Scheduled visits were carried out at least once every 2 years. During the 1st visit, patients were prescribed or corrected both urate-lowering and prophylactic antiinflammatory therapy, including low doses of GCs. The primary end point was the development of DM2, carbohydrate metabolism indicators (HbA1c levels, serum glucose levels) were compared at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS : Of 317 patients with gout, 76 patients (24%) were continuously taking prednisolone at a dose of 5-10 mg/day for ≥180 days, 241 patients (76%) did not receive GCs during the entire follow-up period. The average dose of prednisolone in patients of the main group was 7.9±1.2 mg/day, the duration of treatment was 206.3±20.4 days. DM2 developed during the observation period in 20% of the main group and in 22% of the comparison group (p=0.73). Patients who took GC were older than those who did not take GC (p=0.01), they were more likely to have CHF (p=0.04). There were no significant differences between the groups for the rest of the compared parameters. In patients treated with low doses of GC — a significant increase in the average level of HbA1c (p=0.002); an increase in the number of patients with glucose levels ≥6.1 mmol/l (p=0.004) by the end of the study relative to the baseline. The initial level of HbA1c in patients who developed DM2 was expectedly higher, among them smokers were more often detected (p=0.01), they had a higher level of serum UA (p=0.001). The prevalence of other risk factors for DM in those who developed and did not develop DM2 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION : Long-term use of low doses of GC in patients with gout does not significantly increase the risk of developing DM2, but may have a negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism.

Prevalence of cystic ovary in women with DM and other risk factors

Three hundred women were enlisted from among the female patients of Baghdad Province clinics for the research. In accordance with the PCOS diagnostic criteria provided by the Iraqi Ministry of Health, all cases considered to be PCOS patients exhibited at least one of the following symptoms: oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or abnormal uterine bleeding; hyperandrogenism; or polycystic ovaries. In order to establish the diagnosis, it is necessary to rule out other potential causes of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Patients with mental disorders, dementia, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, and malignant tumors were not included in the study. Women averaged 26.23 (4.88), 160.05 (8.42), and 63.96 (13.15) years old. There was a mean age of menarche of 12.69 (1.474) years. Among the women, 153 (50.8%) were doctors, while 113 (37.54%) were students at universities. Sixty-nine out of 179 students (59.46%) achieved graduation. Of these women, only 118 (38.1%) have PCOS. In addition, 112 (37.0%) think that ultrasonography is the gold standard for diagnosing PCOS. Inconclusion, there was no statistically significant difference in the total number of births between the "No PCOS group" and the "PCOS group," according to the results of this research. There was no noticeable change in menstruation onset.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy play as spouse-pair risk factors of diabetes and hypertension: Insights from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

BackgroundComplicated pregnancies by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) are relatively common worldwide. The evidence is still inconclusive regarding the role of GDM and HDP as spousal risk factor of diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to determine the spousal risk of development of DM and/or HTN in the context of GDM and/or HDP. MethodsThis population-based cohort study involved couples who participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A total of 3650 pairs of spouses were identified, and among them, 2820 met the inclusion criteria. Included participants, followed up 3-year intervals visits from 1999 to 2018. All pairs underwent standard data collection. GDM and HDP were the main exposure of interest in females, and DM and HTN were the main outcomes in both females and their spouses. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for both females and their spouses, adjusting for age, consanguinity, waist-to-height ratio, physical activity, smoking, and parity. ResultsOf 2820 females, 558 (19.79 %) had histories of GDM or HDP, and 72 (2.55 %) experienced both. Among females who experienced GDM and HDP, 24 (33 %) and 31 (33 %) developed DM and HTN during the follow-up. The corresponding numbers were 89 (16 %) and 191 (34 %) for those who experienced GDM or HPD, and 274 (13 %) and 623 (28 %) for the non-risk factors group. The incidences of DM were 9 (12 %), 100 (18 %), and 373 (17 %) for males whose spouses experienced both GDM and HDP, either one or none of them, respectively. Among males in these groups, 20 (28 %), 150 (27 %), and 630 (29 %) developed HTN, respectively. Females who never had history of GDM and HDP have 34 % (95 % CI: 21, 45) less hazard of being diabetic than their spouses if they have the same age and waist to hip ratio. In cases with histories of both GDM and HDP, the risk of females increases to 3.05 (95 % CI: 1.43, 6.52) times of their spouses. Also, females who had experienced GDM (HR: 3.51, 95 % CI: 2.23, 5.53), or HDP (HR: 2.80, 95 % CI: 1.72, 4.56) were at higher risk of developing DM compared with females who never had GDM or HDP. We found that females with neither GDM nor HDP were more likely than males to be hypertensive in the future by the hazard ratio of 1.21 (95 % CI: 1.06, 1.39). ConclusionsComplicated pregnancies by GDM and/or HDP were associated with increased risk of development DM and HTN in later life of females and their spouses. Further studies are required to confirm these results. Preventive care programs should be considered pregnancy complications as couple-based risk factors for subsequent DM and HTN.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Utilisation of FINDRISC in Patients with Diabetes: 2005-2021

Research on risk factors for diabetes (DM) is growing. Identification of these risk factors aims to prevent DM as early as possible. This study intends to identify the utilization of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) and its development using bibliometric analysis. The keywords “FINDRISC AND Diabetes” were used to search for articles published in 2005-2021 in PubMed. A total of 249 articles were analyzed based on the number of publications per year, journals that publish the papers, number of publications by author and year of publication, number of publications by affiliation and year of publication, number of publications by country of origin of authors and year of publication, number of keywords, number of citations, types of articles, specific topics, and theme mapping. The data visualization was obtained from the Scopus database and the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny applications. Despite the increase in publications, the number of publications on FINDRISC in DM patients is still very few per year, with 92.8% being the primary study. Based on clusters of the country of origin, publications are still dominated by researchers from countries in the European region, and the researchers intensely relate to each other through citations. Research themes related to FINDRISC are not limited to DM risk factors. This study is the first study of a bibliometric analysis of the utilization of FINRISC in DM patients. The analysis results can be used to evaluate existing research gaps and identify future research opportunities.

198-OR: Altered Prandial Glucose Metabolism in Nondiabetic Subjects with Spinal Cord Injury Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Secretion and Clearance

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) develop type 2 diabetes earlier and at 2-3 times higher frequency compared to the matched able-bodied persons (AB) . The difference in glucose abnormalities among SCI and AB cohorts remains after adjusting for known risk factors for DM, such as decreased physical activity, or lower body lean mass, or larger visceral fat mass. The mechanism for this dramatic effect of SCI on glucose metabolism is unknown but is consistent with endocrine-neurological alterations after injury. We hypothesized that SCI is associated with abnormalities in prandial glucose metabolism and β-cell function. To test this hypothesis glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured during 3-hr mixed meal tolerance test in 4 non-diabetic SCI (3M/1F, ages 33-61 years) and 6 age-matched AB with normal glucose tolerance test (2M/4F, ages 37-57 years) . SCI subjects had lower BMI (p=0.05) and A1C (p&amp;lt;0.05) than AB (SCI vs. AB; BMI range: 19-29 vs. 25-39 kg/m2; A1C range: 5.0-5.3 vs. 5.3-5.9%) . Fasting values of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) , and insulin clearance (CP/insulin) were similar between SCI and AB. Prandial glucose (AUCGlucose3h) and insulin (AUCInsulin3h) responses, however, were greater in SCI than AB (p&amp;lt;0.01) . Despite larger prandial insulinemia β-cell output (AUCC-peptide3h) did not differ among 2 groups. This was consistent with a diminished insulin clearance (Total AUCC-peptide3h / Total AUCInsulin3h) in SCI compared to AB by 3-fold (p&amp;lt;0.05) . Oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) was similar between 2 groups while β-cell glucose sensitivity and disposition index were smaller in SCI than AB by 2-fold (p=0.08) . These findings indicate that among subjects with normal glucose tolerance, those with SCI have larger prandial glycemic concentration despite lower BMI and A1C. This glycemic effect of SCI is associated with impaired β-cell function as well as insulin clearance. Disclosure M.Trbovich: None. R.Dimas: None. M.Salehi: None.

Comparison of primary patency of radiocephalic and brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in East Borneo, Indonesia

Background: There is still very limited study available for patency of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) from developing country, specifically in East Borneo, Indonesia. The aim of this study is to compare the primary patency rate between radiocephalic (RC) and brachiocephalic (BC) AVF and to analyze the risk factors involved in the primary patency results of AVF RC and BC for hemodialysis. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study with a total of 154 patients underwent AVF from February 2017 until august 2018 and were monitored until august 2019. The patient’s primary patency of AVF was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Each of the risk factors that were predicted to influence patency was analyzed for each AVF. Result: The mean age of 154 patients was 52.9 ± 9.5 years old. RC AVF was made in 130 patients (84.4%) and BC AVF was made in 24 patients (15.6%). There was no significant difference between the estimated primary patency for the RC group and BC AVF, the log-rank test (p=0.15). Risk factors for age, gender, hypertension, DM, and frequency of hemodialysis in both AVF showed statistically insignificant for primary patency. Conclusion: Our study showed there was no significant difference in the primary patency rate between the RC AVF and BC AVF group and other risk factors not significantly affecting primary patency in either type of AVF.

Genetic association between miR-27a and miR-449b polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetes mellitus.

Various mutations in microRNAs (miRs) are associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancers and vascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between miR-27a A>G (rs895819) and miR-449b A>G (rs10061133) polymorphisms with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its associated risk factors in the Korean population. Genotype analysis was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to assess the frequency of miR-27a and miR-449b gene polymorphisms in patients diagnosed with T2DM (n=238) and healthy controls (n=247). The miR-27a GG genotype, recessive model, and G allele were significantly associated with a decreased risk of T2DM [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.378, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.208-0.686, P=0.001; AOR=0.425, 95% CI: 0.246-0.734, P=0.002; AOR=0.640, 95% CI: 0.493-0.831, P=0.001, respectively). Although the miR-449b polymorphism was not associated with the prevalence of T2DM, the genotype and allele combination analyses for miR-27a and miR-449b polymorphisms showed associations with T2DM prevalence. Furthermore, stratification analysis revealed that the miR-27a polymorphism was associated with DM risk factors including body mass index (<28.12 kg/m2, P=0.031), waist circumference (<93.03 cm, P=0.036), systolic blood pressure (<132.67 mmHg, P=0.017), fasting blood glucose levels (<106.26 mg/dl, P=0.015), glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C (≤125.5 mg/dl, P=0.001), total cholesterol (≤240 mg/dl, P=0.010) and low-density lipoprotein levels (≤130 mg/dl, P=0.028). The present study revealed an association between miR-27a A>G and miR-449b A>G polymorphisms and the risk of DM in Koreans, which suggests that these gene polymorphisms could represent potential markers for predicting T2DM risk.

Machine learning models for prediction of co-occurrence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundDiabetic mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause significant healthcare burden globally and often co-exists. Current approaches often fail to identify many people with co-occurrence of DM and CVD, leading to delay in healthcare seeking, increased complications and morbidity. In this paper, we aimed to develop and evaluate a two-stage machine learning (ML) model to predict the co-occurrence of DM and CVD.MethodsWe used the diabetes complications screening research initiative (DiScRi) dataset containing >200 variables from >2000 participants. In the first stage, we used two ML models (logistic regression and Evimp functions) implemented in multivariate adaptive regression splines model to infer the significant common risk factors for DM and CVD and applied the correlation matrix to reduce redundancy. In the second stage, we used classification and regression algorithm to develop our model. We evaluated the prediction models using prediction accuracy, sensitivity and specificity as performance metrics.ResultsCommon risk factors for DM and CVD co-occurrence was family history of the diseases, gender, deep breathing heart rate change, lying to standing blood pressure change, HbA1c, HDL and TC\\HDL ratio. The predictive model showed that the participants with HbA1c >6.45 and TC\\HDL ratio > 5.5 were at risk of developing both diseases (97.9% probability). In contrast, participants with HbA1c >6.45 and TC\\HDL ratio ≤ 5.5 were more likely to have only DM (84.5% probability) and those with HbA1c ≤5.45 and HDL >1.45 were likely to be healthy (82.4%. probability). Further, participants with HbA1c ≤5.45 and HDL <1.45 were at risk of only CVD (100% probability). The predictive accuracy of the ML model to detect co-occurrence of DM and CVD is 94.09%, sensitivity 93.5%, and specificity 95.8%.ConclusionsOur ML model can significantly predict with high accuracy the co-occurrence of DM and CVD in people attending a screening program. This might help in early detection of patients with DM and CVD who could benefit from preventive treatment and reduce future healthcare burden.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Drive Impaired Fasting Glucose to Type 2 Diabetes: Findings After a 9-Year Follow-Up in the PURE Study in Poland.

This study aimed to evaluate the role of risk factors included in the Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (CHD) in the development of type 2 diabetes (DM) in patients with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) after a 9-year follow-up. The research was part of the Polish insight into the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The cohort consisted of 283 subjects aged 54.3±8.9years who were diagnosed with IFG at baseline and then completed after a 9-year follow-up. The main risk factors for both CHD and DM evaluated were smoking, arterial hypertension, abnormal lipid profile, and family medical history. Most participants had both untreated or poorly controlled hypertension and dyslipidemia. Those who developed full-fledged DM over time were older and had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, lipid parameters, and mean blood pressure records. In conclusion, we confirmed that early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and hypertension, along with the treatment optimization of these conditions, could prevent or reduce the risk of DM and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The study highlighted a large-scale problem of the modifiable risk factors that could jeopardize the health status in patients with IFG in the long range and pointed to targeted preventive measures.

Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among women in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is more common among African, Hispanic, Indian, and Asian women than Caucasian women GDM prevalence has risen by 2-3 times in recent years, ranging from 8.9% to 53.4%. This study aimed to investigate Qassim women&amp;apos;s awareness of gestational diabetes. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among women living in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among women using an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic data and 17 items focused on broad awareness and knowledge regarding DM and GDM risk factors, assessment, therapy, and implications to measure GDM knowledge and awareness. Results: Among the 633 women studied, 48.5% were aged more than 35 years old. The prevalence of women with a previous history of GDM was 15.3%. Based on our results, the level of awareness regarding GDM was poor among 60.3% of women, 33% had moderate awareness, and only 6.6% were estimated to have good awareness levels. Factors associated with increased awareness were being younger, living in Buraydah, having better education, being employed, having associated chronic disease, having a previous history of GDM, and knowing someone with GDM. Conclusion: The awareness of women in the Qassim region regarding gestational diabetes was deficient. However, increased awareness was demonstrated more frequently by younger women who were currently working with better education, a previous history of GDM, and knowing someone with the same disease. It is necessary to improve the awareness of women regarding GDM so they can effectively manage the disease and alleviate fears of getting complications. The healthcare providers&amp;apos; role is imperative.