Risk Factors For Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Articles

Digital human modeling (dhm) for computer-aided ergonomics analysis in the horticulture industry

In Indonesia, the production of water spinach increased by 9,24% from the last year, which was reasonable because water spinach was one of the most sought-after and popular types of vegetables. The farmers have exposure risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) owing to poor watering of plant workstations using manual methods. This journal aims to explore the application of computer-aided ergonomic analysis and digital human modeling techniques in optimizing the workstations of farmers in water spinach plantations. This paper compares ergonomic scores for body posture farmers before and after improvement. Improvement was done by replacing the manual ball valve with motor operated valve (MOV), controlled (opens and closes) by farmers’ phones. Before and after improvement, body posture farmers are converted to digital human modeling and analyzed by CATIA and RULA analysis tools. The result of this paper comparing before and after improvement results in a percentage reduction in RULA Scores of 75% from a 4 to 1 value.

Occupational cold exposure is associated with upper extremity pain.

Occupational cold exposure is common in Sweden but potential impacts on musculoskeletal disorders have not been thoroughly investigated. The primary aim of this study was to determine the associations between occupational contact and ambient cooling in relation to pain in the upper extremity. In this cross-sectional study, a digital survey was conducted on a population-based sample of women and men between 24 and 76 years of age, living in northern Sweden. Occupational cold exposure, heavy manual handling, work with vibrating tools as well as the presence of upper extremity pain at different sites were subjectively reported. Associations between exposure and outcome were evaluated using multiple binary logistic regression. The final study sample included 2,089 (54.4%) women and 1,754 men, with a mean age of 56 years. Hand pain was reported by 196 (5.2%), lower arm pain by 144 (3.8%), and upper arm pain by 451 (11.9%). Severe ambient cooling for more than half of the working time was statistically significantly associated with hand pain (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.23-4.29) and upper arm pain (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00-2.47) but not lower arm pain (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.96-3.65) after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, current daily smoking, heavy manual handling, and work with vibrating tools. Occupational cold exposure was statistically significantly associated with hand pain and upper arm pain. Therefore, occupational cold exposure should be recognized as a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity.

The burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a longitudinal analysis from the global burden of disease dataset 1990—2019

BackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are one of the main causes of disability among adults globally. The burden of MSK disorders varies greatly between different regions and is the highest in low- and middle income- countries. This study sought to investigate trends in the burden of MSK disorders across the MENA region, utilizing the GBD 2019 dataset.MethodsThis ecological study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to report on the burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019. Our analysis involved descriptive statistics and sociodemographic trends and did not employ any specific statistical analyses. Using age-standardized rates of prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we reported trends in the burden of MSK disorders, as well as national variation between different countries. Furthermore, we analyzed trends in risk factors contributing to MSK disorders by age and gender.ResultsThe longitudinal analysis from 1990 to 2019 showed an increase in the age-standardized rate for prevalence and DALYs of MSK disorders by 5% and 4.80%, respectively. Low back pain continued to be the most prevalent MSK condition, while RA and other MSK disorders had the largest percentage increase for DALYs between 1990 and 2019. The study found that Afghanistan had the lowest age standardized DALYs rate attributed to MSK disorders, while Iran, Turkey, and Jordan had the highest. Further, Syria showed the most dramatic decrease while Saudi Arabia had the most notable increase in age standardized DALY rates from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, occupational risks, high body mass index, and tobacco smoking were the main risk factors for MSK disorders, with occupational risks being the largest contributor, and between 1990 and 2019, there was a decrease in the contribution of occupational risks but an increase in the contribution of high body mass index as a risk factor.ConclusionThis study highlights the significant burden of MSK disorders in the MENA region, with various risk factors contributing to its increasing prevalence in recent decades. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors and potential interventions that could improve health outcomes. Addressing MSK disorders should be a public health priority in the region, and efforts should be made to develop effective strategies to prevent and manage this debilitating condition.

Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors among Faculty Members of Academic Institute

Musculoskeletal disorders in adult population have been a rapidly expanding issue. It has been determined that teachers in educational institutions are one profession that is susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. Even while MSDs among occupational groups have been extensively researched in other nations, Pakistan currently lacks solid information on this health issue, notably in the teaching profession. Work-related MSDs may result from the demands of this work, which involve daily, continuous stress on the body's muscular systems over the course of at least a year. So, this study is to identify papers that looked into instructor complaints of pain in lower back, shoulder and neck and other body areas. In this way, the objective of this review is likely to explore the works fundamentally and account on the incidence of MSDs as well as the risk factors relating to the job of educator. Any felt pain or discomfort from the nine body regions neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, elbows, wrists/hands, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet lasting for more than one day over the course of the previous 12 months was defined as the prevalence of MSDs which is growing rapidly all around the world

Bruxism as a new risk factor of musculo-skeletal disorders?

ObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly neck and low back pain, constitute a major public health issue worldwide with a heavy morbidity and economic impact. However, the relationships between the stomatognathic system and MSDs are subjected to debate, data sorely lacking. The study objective was to investigate the association between bruxism (BR) and MSDs. Secondary objective includes the study of the association between tooth wear (TW) and MSDs. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on 425 participants frequenting a university dental clinic. The presence of MSDs was evaluated with the standardized Nordic questionnaire. The sleep and awake BR assessments were based on clinical examination and self-report. TW was measured with the BEWE index. Socio-demographic factors, medical history, life habits and stress were analyzed as potential confounding variables. Results91% of patients reported at least one MSD during the preceding 12 months and 75.5% were diagnosed as bruxers. In multivariate analyses, BR was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of prevalent MSD (OR=5.88 (2.7–12.5), p<0.0001). Regarding TW, for a one-point increase in anterior BEWE score, the risk to present an MSD was increased by 53% (OR=1.53 (1.12–2.08), p = 0.0076). Moreover, BR was independently associated with neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, hip & thigh and knee MSDs. Anterior TW was independently associated with neck, low back and hip & thigh MSDs, and global TW with knee MSDs. ConclusionsBR and TW were shown to be associated with MSDs. The cause-and-effect relationships between those factors needs to be analyzed to optimize prevention and therapeutic care. Clinical significanceResults suggest that the body is a whole, a balanced muscular system, where every part constitutes a link of the chain. MSDs management and prevention may require a multidisciplinary team approach and future perspectives include defining the dentist's role in this context, particularly with respect to BR diagnostic and treatment.

Ergonomics and Prevention of Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background: Occupations have psychological risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. Many of them are preventable. Occupational strains are one of the preventive occupational risk factors. Objective: Introduction of musculoskeletal disorders and prevention, kinds, diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: In a review study the author research in related scientific literature, websites and journals about the musculoskeletal disorders. Job musculoskeletal disorders and prevention, kinds, diagnosis and treatment. Results: Musculoskeletal disorders can be classified to neck, upper limbs, spine, lower limbs and rheumatologic disorders. But the prevention is important in the workplaces. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are important and recognizing the risk factors is important. Prevention is necessary.

English

Overhead work is a main risk factor for upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this paper, the research team evaluated the effectiveness of a passive exoskeleton(PE) with a mechanical arm linked to the exoskeleton body as an assistive device for overhead work. Ten male volunteers participated in the research by effectuating repetitive overhead lifting tasks using each of three payloads: (1kg, 3kg, and 6kg) and with/without passive exoskeleton (PE). The performance evaluation was then conducted by analyzing the electromyography (EMG) and ratings of perceived discomfort(RPD) of the shoulders and back muscles obtained from experiments.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Basketball Players: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Musculoskeletal disorders characteristically induce pain and limitations in mobility, ability, and overall functioning. In athletes, including basketball players, disorders such as back pain, postural changes, and spinal injuries are common. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of back pain and musculoskeletal disorders in basketball players and ascertain the associated factors. Methods: The Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English without a time limit. Using STATA, meta-analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of pain and musculoskeletal disorders of the back and spine. Results: Of the 4135 articles identified, 33 studies were included in this review, with 27 studies included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 21 were used for the meta-analysis of back pain, 6 articles were used for the meta-analysis of spinal injury, and 2 studies were used for the meta-analysis of postural changes. The overall prevalence of back pain was 43% [95% CI, -1% to 88%]; of these, the prevalence of neck pain was 36% [95% CI, 22-50%], the prevalence of back pain was 16% [95% CI, 4-28%], the prevalence of low back pain was 26% [95% CI, 16-37%], the prevalence of thoracic spine pain was 6% [95% CI, 3-9%]. The combined prevalence of spinal injury and spondylolysis was 10% [95% CI, 4-15%], with a prevalence of spondylolysis of 14% [95% CI, 0.1-27%]. The combined prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis was 30% [95% CI, 9-51%]. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of neck pain, followed by low back pain and back pain, in basketball players. Thus, prevention programs are important to improve health and sports performance.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NURSES AT TERTIARY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) was found to be high among nurses especially those working in the hospital. One of the risk factors of MSDs is psychosocial factors apart from physical and ergonomic factors. However, limited study was found specifically looking at this association among nurses working at tertiary university hospital especially in Malaysia. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the association between organizational psychosocial risk factors with MSDs among nurses working at tertiary university

Biomechanical Risk Factors of the Upper Limbs' Musculoskeletal Disorders among Carpet Weavers in Tunisia: Semi-Quantitative Ergonomic Assessment.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational health problems and one of the leading causes of temporary disability. This study aimed to assess the biomechanical constraints of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders associated with Tunisian weavers' tasks. An ergonomic approach was adopted with a representative sample of Tunisian weavers. First, the activity was observed mainly for identifying tasks and sub-tasks. Then, the biomechanical constraints were assessed based on the Borg scale and the software analyses and encoding of the 2,000 images extracted from the activity video recordings. These analyses were done with the ERGOROM software. Four main tasks were identified (warping of the loom, weaving itself, beating up, and finishing). As for the subtasks, the six most important were thread coiling, shedding and picking, beating up the weft, knotting, cutting, and shearing. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that weavers spent most of their working time in the constrained neck and upper limb postures. Shoulders were in flexion/abduction during 68.6% of the activity and pinch grip was spread over 83.3% of the working time. Furthermore, elbows and wrists were highly concerned by elevated gestural variability scores. The estimated deployed strength was "medium" to "strong" in 50% to nearly 80% of cases. According to the results, in carpet weavers, exposure to biomechanical constraints at risk of musculoskeletal disorders was high for the various joints and parts of the upper limbs. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out interventional studies for the development of ergonomic hand tools and workstations adapted to the traditional weaver activity.

Understanding risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian housewives: Development of a comprehensive health promotion behavior model

BackgroundChronic musculoskeletal problems are a major source of disability, reduced productivity and poor quality of life. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Iranian housewives is particularly high. Understanding how housework causes the injuries, mobility restrictions and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders is vital to developing health promotion behavior models to support intervention. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of housewives with musculoskeletal disorders and, according to the risk factors identified, to develop a comprehensive behavior change framework to facilitate implementing a musculoskeletal health-promoting training intervention for women.MethodsTwenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with Iranian housewives aged 20–65 years experiencing musculoskeletal pain over a 13-month period from September 2020 to October 2021. The conventional content analysis approach was used to interrogate the data. The transcript of each interview was considered a unit of analysis, and data analysis was performed using MAXQDA2018 software.ResultsThe analysis of the interview data provided 1432 meaning units. From these codes, a conceptual framework was developed. This comprehensive model is comprised of 24 subcategories, eight categories and three themes: Individual and social predictors of MSDs and their control, Risk factors for MSDs, and Prevention and treatment of MSDs. Altogether the developed conceptual framework specified the multiple risk factors for MSDs in housewives. The findings were aligned to various health promotion models, and it was seen that ecological models, especially the Theory of Triadic Influence, can be very helpful as a supportive roadmap to implementing multilateral interventions to improve the quality of life of housewives.ConclusionsThis study developed an evidence based comprehensive model that identifies the individual, psychosocial, and cultural factors that influence the status of MSDs in women’s domestic work to support the development and implementation of effective ergonomic interventions to manage potentials for MSDs.

Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Workers of Water Refilling Depot

Complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common in workers with a reasonably heavy workload, such as workers at refill drinking water depots. MSDs can be caused by repetitive activities such as daily bending, lifting and lowering liters of drinking water refills. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of MSDs among workers at refilled drinking water filling depots and analyze the dominant factors that influence MSDs. This study was quantitative research with an analytical survey using a cross-sectional design conducted in Simpang Selayang Village, Medan City, Indonesia. A total of 40 refilled drinking water depot workers were involved in this study with a comprehensive sampling approach. Data was collected directly by distributing questionnaires to workers at refill drinking water filling depots. Data were tested statistically using the Chi-Square test and logistic regression. The analysis showed that work posture, workload, tenure and length of work are associated with MSDs complaints. The results of the logistic regression test showed that the dominant variable influencing MSDs complaints is work posture. Refillable drinking water depot workers with non-ergonomic working postures were likely to experience MSDs complaints 11 times as often as those with ergonomic work postures. The findings highlight the need for local health agencies to educate or empower workers at water refilling stations regarding MSDs complaints. Musculoskeletal disorders associated with work involving heavy loads could be prevented if workers know ergonomic work postures well. In addition, adequate rest is recommended to avoid musculoskeletal injuries.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Teaching Staff in Higher Education

Abstract Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) for the teachers in higher education. Examinees and methods: 100 teachers (66% men and 34% women with average age of 38.8 ± 13.1) were included in the prospective study. The information about the state of the teachers’ musculoskeletal system was gathered using a questionnaire for the MSD analysis. Potential risk factors for MSD were analyzed. MSD was observed in 74 (74%) teachers and associates (68.9% male and 31.1% female, p˂0.05). 32% Teachers had pain within the first five years of teaching work, while the rest of MSD occurred after that period. 73% of teachers were diagnosed with rigor in the lower back, 62% were diagnosed with neck pain, 45.9% were diagnosed with upper back pain, while 27% had pain in their ankles/feet. Lower pain prevalence was noticed in wrist, hands, hips and elbows. The prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders for teachers is 74% and it is higher for men than for women. MSD, whose samples are multifactorial, are the most common in the lower back, neck, upper back and shoulders. Ergonomics and ergonomic education are the primary factors in the prevalence and treatment of MSD.

Frequency and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among kitchen workers

BackgroundKitchen work is associated with exposure to heavy workload which has been linked to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and many other occupational hazards. This study aimed to measure the frequency of WRMSDs related to working in kitchens of two major Egyptian students’ hostels, to determine the associated risk factors, and determine the distribution of musculoskeletal problems in various joints in different job categories.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 128 kitchen workers of two major students’ hostels in Cairo, Egypt. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and occupational data and the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months based on the valid Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire (NMQ).ResultsThe study revealed that the majority of kitchen workers (90.6%) at the students’ hostel reported WRMSDs within the past 12 months. The lower back (64.8%), knee (46.9%), foot (46.1%), neck (29.7%), and shoulders (23.4%) were the most affected sites. Age, educational status, job category, job duration, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with WRMSDs among kitchen workers.Conclusionkitchen workers are at a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the poor work environment, the massive workload, and great time pressure to perform their duties. Interventions such as hiring more workers of younger age, providing rest breaks, and health education about occupational hazards to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal problems should be reinforced.

Assessment of Forward Head Posture and Ergonomics in Young IT Professionals - Reasons to Worry?

Prolonged computer use and poor ergonomics among IT professionals are considered risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. This research aims to analyze the degree of forward head posture and workplace ergonomics in young IT professionals to assess the risk for a neck disability.Methods:A prospective study was carried out by assessing the sitting posture at work, neck disability in the cervical region, quality of life, physical activity, and ergonomics of the workspace in 73 young IT professionals (32.56±5.46 years).Results:The score for the cervical functional disability index (NDI) showed a mild neck disability (8.19±7.51). The craniovertebral angle has an average value of 32.01±11.46, corresponding to a light forward head posture, and it positively correlated with age and work experience and negatively correlated with ROSA (r=0.24, p<0.05). The NDI positively correlated with physical activity (r =00.32 p<0.05) and with ROSA (r= 0.24, p<0.05).Conclusions:In IT professionals, neck disability is associated with the lack of workspace ergonomics and the amount of physical activity. Forward head posture correlated with age, work experience, and poor workspace ergonomics. According to our findings, there are real concerns about the influence of head posture and workplace ergonomics on health among IT professionals. We consider that it is necessary to adopt preventive measures to address neck disability and improve workspace ergonomics.

Occupational ergonomics and related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists: A systematic review.

There is an increasing concern about musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), resulting from occupational health hazards among dentists. Dentists who are susceptible to occupational health hazards could develop cumulative trauma disorders, lead to absenteeism from work, loss of productivity and performance or even long-term disability. This study aims to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists, explore the risk factors and identify the ergonomic preventive measures for dental professionals. Articles published between 2008-2020 were searched in scientific databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Systematic Review Checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies. Eighteen studies were found to be suitable in the final review. Relevant data was extracted and summarized from the included studies. The annual prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in any body site ranged between 68% and 100%. The most predominant regions for musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals were identified to be the lower back (29% to 94.6%), shoulder (25% to 92.7%), and neck (26% to 92%). The most frequently reported risk factors of MSDs were the individual characteristic female gender (57.1%), followed by awkward working postures (50%), long working experience (50%) and being dental specialists (42.9%). Several preventive measures were identified as the most effective ways in preventing MSDs, the use of magnification (40%) and regular physical activity (40%). This review reported a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among dentists. It critically updates and adds the latest evidence on occupational ergonomics among dentists.

Gyroscope vector magnitude: A proposed method for measuring angular velocities

High movement velocities are among the primary risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ergonomists have commonly used two methods to calculate angular movement velocities of the upper arms using inertial measurement units (accelerometers and gyroscopes). Generalized velocity is the speed of movement traveled on the unit sphere per unit time. Inclination velocity is the derivative of the postural inclination angle relative to gravity with respect to time. Neither method captures the full extent of upper arm angular velocity. We propose a new method, the gyroscope vector magnitude (GVM), and demonstrate how GVM captures angular velocities around all motion axes and more accurately represents the true angular velocities of the upper arm. We use optical motion capture data to demonstrate that the previous methods for calculating angular velocities capture 89% and 77% relative to our proposed method.

The prevalence and risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among electronics manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional analytical study in China

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the electronics manufacturing industry and to investigate the relations between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work-related variables.MethodsAn interview-based questionnaire survey was carried out in thirty electronics manufacturing factories in China in 2018. The prevalence of WMSDs was estimated using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of risk factors on WMSDs on multiple body parts.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of WMSDs among participants was 40.6%, and the common body sites affected were the neck (26.8%), shoulder (22.8%), upper back (14.9%), and lower back (14.8%). The results of logistic regression showed that female adults, > 5 job tenure and work-related factors (including awkward posture, lifting or carrying weights, excessive repetition, prolonged sitting, monotonous work and working under conditions of cold or temperature variations) led to a higher risk of WMSDs on most body parts. Upper back, wrist/hand and elbow pain levels were significantly higher for workers with vibration. However, more frequently, physical exercise was a protective factor against WMSDs on most body parts except the upper back, leg and knee.ConclusionsThe study indicates a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the electronics manufacturing industry in China. Different personal and work factors are related to the occurrence of WMSD on different body parts. Preventive measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of WMSD in the electronic manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the training and intervention guidance of ergonomic hazards in the workplace need to be strengthened by understanding the impact of bad posture, avoiding long-term sitting posture and increasing physical activities.

Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Personnel and Prevention Strategies

"Objectives: Health professions such as nursing are at high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). This study aims to present the most common WRMSDs that occur in nursing personnel, investigate the risk factors associated with their occurrence, and identify preventive and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed using keywords, until May 2021, while the results reported by various authors were summarized. Results: Low back discomfort (30% to 60%), neck disorders (30% to 48%), and shoulder disorders (43 to 53%) are the most common WRMSDs in nursing personnel. The major risk factors are classified as demographics and job characteristics, physical, psychosocial, and workplace organizational factors, which often co-exist and act together. WRMSDs have serious consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, increased morbidity, health costs as well as lower quality of life. To reduce the incidence of WRMSDs, it is crucial to implement prevention strategies, such as ergonomic measures and training programs in high-risk nursing departments as well as immediate therapeutic approaches, where required. Organizational interventions are also required to improve the working environment in terms of assigning tasks among nursing staff, setting working hours, keeping a positive attitude, and conducting medical examinations. Conclusion: Early identification of risk factors concerning WRMSDs among nursing personnel and immediate treatment is needed to maintain their productivity as well as to provide quality nursing care, followed by evidence-based ergonomic and organizational intervention strategies for their safety and health protection. "

Musculoskeletal Disorder Burden and Its Attributable Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Predicts from 1990 to 2044.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the three major disabling diseases in the world. However, the current disease burden in China is not well-known. This study aimed to explore the burden and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in China from 1990 to 2019, predicting the incidence trend from 2020 to 2044. All data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) models were selected to analyze the epidemic trend, and descriptive analyses of the time trends and age distributions of risk factors were performed. The Bayesian APC model was used to foresee the incidence trend from 2020 to 2044. The results indicated that the burden of musculoskeletal disorders is higher in women and older adults. Its attributable risk factors were found to be tobacco, a high body mass index, kidney dysfunction and occupational risks. In 2044, musculoskeletal disorders in China showed a downward trend for 35-59-year-olds and a slight upward trend for 30-34- and 65-84-year-olds. The 70-74 year age group saw the largest increase in incidence at 4.66%. Overall, the incidence increased with age. Therefore, prevention and control policies should focus on women and the elderly, and health interventions should be carried out based on risk factors.