The Western region of the US has received comparatively less attention in HIV research despite housing several Ending the HIV Epidemic priority areas. Understanding HIV risk and prevention behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in this region is critical. This study examines differences in HIV risk and prevention behaviors among MSM in the Pacific (CA, WA) and Mountain (AZ, NV) sub-regions. We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis using 2017-2021 data from the American Men's Internet Survey. The sample included MSM with HIV-negative or unknown status. Key outcomes included condomless anal intercourse, substance use, STI diagnoses, HIV/STI testing, and PrEP awareness, willingness and use. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors estimated prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for sociodemographics. Among 7423 MSM, 81.3% resided in the Pacific sub-region, 53.0% were aged <30 years and 50.8% were white. Condomless anal intercourse rates were similar across sub-regions, but STI diagnoses (13.0% vs 10.1%, P<0.05) and substance use were higher in the Pacific compared with the Mountain sub-region. HIV testing (55.5% vs 59.8%, P<0.05) and STI testing (39.2% vs 45.7%, P<0.001) were lower in the Mountain sub-region compared with the Pacific sub-region. PrEP awareness was similar, but usage was lower (17.2% vs 23.1%, P<0.001) despite higher willingness (51.8% vs 44.5%, P<0.001) in the Mountain compared with the Pacific sub-region. HIV risk was similar across sub-regions, but disparities in prevention engagement highlight regional barriers. Expanding PrEP access and HIV/STI testing in the Mountain sub-region is critical to achieving Ending the HIV Epidemic goals.

Edible mushrooms have long been recognized for their nutritional value. In the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study, a prebirth cohort study, we examined the association between maternal mushroom intake during pregnancy and risk of childhood behavioral problems in Japanese 5-year-olds. A total of 1199 mother-child pairs were included as study subjects. In the baseline survey, dietary intake was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. In the follow-up survey, emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were assessed using the parent-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjustments were made for a priori-selected non-dietary confounders and potentially related dietary factors. A significant inverse exposure-response association was observed between maternal mushroom consumption during pregnancy and risk of childhood peer problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] between extreme quartiles, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-1.07, p for trend = 0.02) and low prosocial behavior (adjusted OR between extreme quartiles, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95, p for trend = 0.02). Higher maternal intake levels of mushrooms during pregnancy may be associated with a decreased risk of peer problems and a decreased risk of low prosocial behavior in 5-year-old children.

Association between behavioral-environmental risk patterns and multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases among Chinese adolescents at schools.

To assess the relationship between ultrasonographic changes in midbrain structures and subsequent violent suicidal behavior. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a previously reported cohort of 46 patients (36 women; age 54.9±11.7years) with major depression who had been prospectively observed over a ten-year period to assess the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. At study entry, all patients underwent transcranial B-mode sonography to grade the echogenicity of the midbrain raphe and substantia nigra. The outcome measure was the first occurrence of violent suicidal behavior, i.e. a serious suicide attempt or completed suicide. At baseline, four patients were found to have grade 1 raphe echogenicity (invisible), 23 had grade 2 (weakly echogenic), and 19 had normal grade 3 (strongly echogenic). The visually graded echogenicity correlated well with the digitally analyzed echo-intensity (p<0.001). Three (75%) patients with echogenicity grade 1 subsequently attempted or completed suicide, as did five (22%) with grade 2, but none with grade 3 (Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, p<0.001). The latency period did not differ between echogenicity grade 1 and 2 (34.7±30.9 vs. 22.6±19.7months, p=0.59). Overall, patients with reduced raphe echogenicity were less likely to be free of subsequent violent suicidal behavior (3years: RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95; p=0.034; 10years: 0.70; 0.55-0.90; p=0.014). No sex differences were found. Echogenicity of the substantia nigra did not improve the prediction of suicidal behavior. Reduced echogenicity of the midbrain raphe indicates an increased risk of subsequent violent suicidal behavior in patients with major depression.

Risk behaviors and prevalence of hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs in Georgia: integrated bio-behavioral survey (IBBS).

Examine the proportion of people with HIV engaging in behaviours associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after successful direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment and establish longitudinal patterns of behavioural risk over time. Multinational, prospective cohort study (International Collaboration on Hepatitis C Elimination in HIV Cohorts). Individuals with HIV successfully treated with DAAs and ≥2 follow-up visits with behavioural data were included. Changes in the proportion of any risk behaviour after treatment, which included sexual and drug use behaviours, were analysed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. We identified distinct trajectories of any risk behaviour over time using group-based trajectory models (GBTM). Of the 1,477 individuals included, 487 (33.0%) were people who inject drugs, 378 (25.6%) were men who have sex with men and 442 (29.9%) were both. During a median 2.7 years (IQR = 1.6-3.9) of follow-up, the proportion engaging in any risk behaviour slightly decreased over time (adjusted odds ratio per half year = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.95-0.99). GBTM revealed four distinct behavioural trajectories: consistently low ( n = 433, 29.3% of total population), moderate at baseline and increasing ( n = 119, 8.1%), high at baseline and decreasing ( n = 184, 12.5%) and consistently high ( n = 741, 50.2%). Despite slight decreases in behaviours following successful DAA treatment, half of individuals had a consistently high probability of behaviours that put them at risk of HCV reinfection over time. As reinfections comprise a growing proportion of new incident HCV cases, these findings underscore the importance of ongoing primary prevention measures alongside testing and retreatment to eliminate HCV.

Serological and molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii and Risk factor analysis among the human population of Lahore, Pakistan.

Pre-attack crisis indicators in mass shooters: Differences across no-, single-, and dual-harm groups.

Cutoff scores and predictive validity of the Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance Inventory (ASADI) for future suicide attempts and suicidal ideation with intent.

What predicts suicidality among people who self-injure? Evidence for acquired capability via pain habituation and NSSI severity.

Gender-specific developmental trajectories of anxiety and depression among college students: Risk of attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior.

Combined contamination of OPEs and PAEs in coastal sediments: Distribution, sources, and ecological risks in Northern China's Marginal Seas.

On-site speciation of inorganic arsenic using a flow-type electrodialytic ion-transfer device with selective arsenite isolation.

Effects of photoaged polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics on the extracellular aggregation and intracellular accumulation of ZnO nanoparticles to algae.

High risk of reacquisition of hepatitis C virus infection in people with HIV with continued risk behavior.

The role of sleep in the relationship between racial discrimination and suicide ideation among black girls: A path analysis.

Same year, different source: variability in prevalence estimates of exposure to secondhand smoke in Spain

The Connecting Adolescents to Comprehensive Healthcare (CATCH) program built upon existing infrastructure for school nurses and physicians to provide limited reproductive health services to New York City public high school students. We evaluated CATCH reach, service delivery, and impacts on contraceptive use and pregnancy among female teens over the period 2011-2019. Our evaluation incorporated data from school rosters and CATCH patient records; the NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey, to estimate contraceptive use among students without CATCH access for comparison with students with access; and NYC vital statistics, to estimate the pregnancies, abortions, and births averted by CATCH. CATCH grew from piloting on five campuses to operating on 61 campuses with more than 80,000 students, reaching an estimated 53.7% of sexually active female students on those campuses by the 2018-19 school year. Use of most or moderately effective contraception (IUD, implant, pills, patch, ring, or Depo-Provera) among CATCH patients increased over time and was consistently higher than estimates for those same students if they had not had CATCH access. We estimate the program averted 3526 pregnancies among NYC teens. By supporting access to reproductive health care, CATCH contributed to contraceptive uptake and reduced pregnancies among NYC teens.

Clusters of lifestyle behaviours and their associations with mental health and other health-related issues among adolescents: Insights from a multi-ethic middle-income country.

C-reactive protein predicts aggression in adolescent depression: Non-suicidal self-injury moderation and immunomodulatory shift.