Rise Of Tourism Research Articles

Historical Research and Tourism Analysis: The Case of the Tourist-Historic City of Jerusalem

Studies of tourist–historic cities often rely upon evolutionary models, which chart the development of tourism in historical towns. Prominent among these models are: Ashworth and Tunbridge's model of the tourist–historic city; models outlining the development of the Central Tourist District; The Tourist Town's Functional Spaces Model; and the Accommodation Service Model. The article seeks to prove that using such models without, at the same time, examining the roots and evolution of tourism in these towns from an historical perspective, will provide only a partial and, occasionally, inaccurate picture of the birth, development and unique character the tourist–historic city. Moreover, given the fact that tourism is a widespread and dynamic phenomenon that touches upon many aspects of the human urban experience–social and political, environmental, economic and so on–probing into the roots and rise of tourism in historical towns may also shed light on various features which, idiosyncratic to historical towns, encouraged their eventual transformation into tourist–historic cities. The article will do all this by tracing the origins and flowering of tourism in Jerusalem–one of the world's most famous tourist–historic cities–during the time of the British mandate (1917–1948).

Identification and Assessment of Scleractinians at Tarou Point, Dominica, West Indies

Tarou Point, located on the west coast of Dominica in the West Indies, is a volcanic outcrop covered with coral assemblages. Four different sections within Tarou Point were surveyed for scleractinian species richness and frequency distribution analyses. Twenty-two species of scleractinians were identified, among which Porites astreoides, Agaracia agaricites, Siderastrea siderea, and Meandrina meandrites represented the highest average abundance over all sections observed. The deep portion of section B showed the highest species diversity, while sections North D and the deep portion of section A represented the lowest. Frequency distribution trends among species depend on factors including substrate type and availability, light, depth, wave energy, and sedimentation. Tarou Point has historical, cultural, socioeconomical, and environmental significance. It is used both for artesanal fishing and as a growing recreational diving destination. Increased use of this area is leading to intense pressures on the marine environment. Tarou Point serves as one example of the prominent trend occurring throughout Dominica, in which coastal migration and the rise of tourism are placing increased pressures on coastal and marine resources. It is hoped that these data will serve as a baseline for future monitoring of Tarou Point's coral assemblages and benthic environment, as well as facilitate management and monitoring enforcement of coastal and marine resources throughout the island.

“Facing Southwest: The Houses of John Gaw Meem.”

Temporary exhibition, Feb. 27–May 31, 2002. 1,150 sq. ft. Chris Wilson, Stella de Sa Rego, and Beth Sibergleit, curators. In the fall of 1908 William Tight, the third president of the University of New Mexico (UNM), redesigned a structurally failing Romanesque-style building on the campus of the young university. Tight slathered adobe over the brickwork and attached wooden vigas (rough-hewn beams) to the exterior, creating one of the earliest examples of a self-consciously regional architecture in New Mexico. Few in the state's dominant Anglo power structure embraced Tight's vernacular vision, and he was soon fired in part for his unorthodox design. By the 1920s and 1930s, however, with the rise of tourism and regionalism and an influx of federal money into the West, the Spanish-Pueblo revival in architecture (later known as the Santa Fe style) began to flourish. Early experiments with regional vernacular often involved only kitschy, stage-set-like incorporations of...

Present state and future prospects for groundwater ecosystems

Ecological and socioeconomic aspects of subterranean hydrosystems have changed during the past 40–50 years. The major environmental pressures (mainly anthropogenic ones) impact the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the state of subsurface ecosystems, and it is expected that the environmental pressures on groundwater will continue, at least until 2025, unless new environmental policies change this state of affairs. The world demographic increase and the general rise of water demand constitute one of the major environmental pressures on groundwater ecosystems especially in less developed countries in Africa, Asia and South America. Specific human activities leading to the depletion of groundwater reserves include agricultural practices, landscape alteration, urbanization demand for domestic and public drinking water, various industrial activities such as thermoelectric production and mining, and the rise of tourism in coastal areas. Climate change is contributing to the water crisis too, especially in areas with arid climate and/or in some humid monsoonal countries. The overload of aquifers with pollutants derived from agriculture (fertilizers and pesticides), from industry (release of hydrocarbon chemicals, especially spills), from waste and industrial waters, from domestic and industrial landfills, from the infiltration of pollutants from surface and from the intrusion of saline water affect groundwater quality. The dangerous increase in contaminated subsurface sites with chemicals and microbial pathogens brings with it health risks to humans. Changes of redox condition in groundwater zones, changes of biological diversity, vegetation changes with modification of agriculture practices and impacts at the biosphere scale, such as the increase in the concentration of nitrous oxides in the atmosphere, all impact groundwater ecosystems. Groundwater ecosystems must be better investigated and understood. Economic, social and ecological lines of thinking have to be combined in order to achieve meaningful policies for the sustainable development of groundwater reserves and for the protection of subsurface ecosystems. Practical measures and ideas for the development of policies up to the 2025 time-horizon should improve the sustainable usage of the world's groundwater resources.

Conversations about the production of archaeological knowledge and community museums at Chunchucmil and Kochol, Yucatán, México

The Pakbeh Regional Economy Program centered at the ancient Maya trading center of Chunchucmil in Yucatán, México, shifted research priorities from a processual program aimed at recovering indicators of ancient ethnic identification to a more community-based program that combines processual methodologies with a local desire for community-based tourism. Initial research goals concerned the elucidation of how a trading economy affected other aspects of the social life of ancient Chunchucmil. As members of the two Yucatec Maya communities on either side of the ruins became more interested in the archaeological research, and as archaeologists grappled with the rise of tourism in Yucatán, a dialogue about who controls and benefits from the production of archaeological knowledge ensued. Currently the project is involved in collaborative development of a 'living museum' where members of local communities and archaeologists will mutually recreate an ancient Maya household on the archaeological site. Some programmatic suggestions for further collaboration between academic archaeologists and local descendant communities in the Maya area are offered.

Trends in Park Tourism: Economics, Finance and Management

This paper discusses issues in tourism to protected areas/parks. Emphasis is given to the relationships between the globally growing numbers of parks, the rise in tourism to those parks and its economic impacts, and finance and management policies used within the parks. In-depth consideration is given to park pricing policies, park tourism competencies, the need for better visitation/visitor statistics, and new tourism management structures. The development of parastatal management structures with greater links between tourism competencies and conservation management techniques is seen to be central to the creation of both successful parks and sustainable tourism within those parks.

Variations on the Picturesque: Authority, Play, and Practice

DRAWING UPON recent scholarship in the study of travel, gender, science, colonialism, space, and medical discourse, our collection of essays offers an expansive and innovative revaluation of the picturesque. Although in contemporary parlance the term ‘‘picturesque’’ has been diminished to mean something like ‘‘appropriate for a postcard,’’ during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it invoked a contested field of aesthetic theory and practices, and it exerted a complex and extensive influence upon wide-ranging cultural activities such as poetry, fiction, landscape improvement, gardening, tourism, ecology, and politics. The picturesque was foremost (and remains today among art historians and literary scholars) a subject of theoretical controversy. During the eighteenth century, landowners, writers, landscape architects, and politicians argued over the political and ecological implications of this aesthetic with an almost apocalyptic fervor, as when Horace Walpole exclaimed that Richard Payne Knight, a prominent picturesque theorist of the 1790s, was a ‘‘Tom Paine’’ who would ‘‘Jacobinically’’ level the ‘‘purity’’ of English gardens (Lewis 339). These theories of landscape were then translated into a living aesthetic which gave rise to many new spatial and visual practices, including the rise of tourism as we know it today and, as Jonathan Bate has recently argued, the conservation movement (132). As a motivating and framing device for the hundreds of travelers who personalized the land and their relationship to it by visiting popular sites throughout Britain, the picturesque functioned as a propaedeutic in visual literacy, helping the tourist to make sense of his or her own perceptions. As William Gilpin suggested, the picturesque enlightened the ‘‘cold, untutored eye’’ (Observations II: 12). When used by writers of the period, the picturesque offered a seemingly boundless paradigm for exploring the complexities of representation itself. Moreover, using picturesque principles of landscape design, landscape architects throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries imprinted a recognizable pattern on millions of acres across several continents, in settings as various as England’s Blenheim Palace and New York City’s Central Park. Finally, the picturesque became a point of intersection in discussions of science, ecology, theories of association, and the psychology of perception. Whereas many earlier collections of essays such as Stephen Copley and Peter Garside’s The Politics of the Picturesque and W. J. T. Mitchell’s Landscape and Power generally identify

SRI LANKA — “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY”

Sri Lanka with its rich cultural heritage has a resurgent economy. Despite tumultuous internal struggles, the Sri Lankan economy has shown resilience and has forged ahead showing a satisfactory rate of growth. Judging from the nearly 12 percent per year rise of tourism, and the increase in foreign investments by those who have studied the prospects, including investors from America, it could be safely concluded that Sri Lanka remains a land of opportunity.

Regional Process of Dependency and Changes of Endogenous Self-organizations in a Depopulated Remote Area

This study analyzes the regional process of dependency and changes of endogenous self-organizations in a depopulated remote area of Japan, via the case of Namiai village, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Namiai village lost almost half of its population during the period 1952 to 1995. As a result, the population of the village was reduced to 778 persons in 1995, with the aged ratio (over 65 years old) being almost 30%.Since the 1960s, in an attempt to counteract depopulation, Namiai village has implemented a pioneering and grass-roots resort development. As a result of grass-roots efforts, tourists in this village have increased from 80 thousand persons in 1967 to currently 300 thousand persons. This rise in tourism is related to an increase in employment and income. At its peak, more than 100 persons were employed by the resort-related facilities, where the total population was less than 800 persons. Rapid depopulation was thus curtailed.As the tourist industry grew, however, it fell under the control of the logic of capital. This in turn prevented the voluntary involvement of residents. From the 1970s, the Central Government of Japan started to implement financial transfers to local governments on a large scale. As a result, with subsidies from the Central government the village government was able to continue investing in the resort development. In other words, the village government didn't need to negotiate with the residents on their policies. But at times these policies opposed the wishes of the residents who needed more investment in education, helth and other public services for themselves rather than for tourists. And the village government no longer needed to organize people for the community mobilization. As a result the foundation of the village government changed from the community to the Central government.In the meantime, with the increase in public investment, only the construction sector could continue growing rapidly. Finally, the owners of construction companies appeared as a new political elite, with the result that unnecessary public construction by subsidy increased. In short, the resort development of Namiai village deteriorated to a situation of dependency. This was due to an over-emphasis on economic aspects such as employment while ignoring social aspects such as organizing the development actors.The institutional intervention resulted in two conflicting phenomena -the strengthening of the financial autonomy of municipal governments and the weakening of self-reliance capabilities. As a result, most of the traditionally endogenous organizations of a community have been disorganized or reorganized under the leadership of the municipal government. The endogenous self-organizations thus changed roles to pseudo-organizations of the local government.

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF WOODLAND USE AND CHANGE IN ZIMBABWE

ABSTRACT In this paper we use a conceptual box-and-arrow model for understanding woodland use in Zimbabwe in the context of the complex ecological-social-economic system of which it is part. Central themes within our model are: the policy framework; local institutions; land pressures; rural-urban relationships; the rise in tourism; increasing commercialisation of woodland products; drought; AIDS; and the status of the resource itself. We suggest that too little attention has been paid to the impacts of policy on woodland use and commercialisation, and that woodland use is seldom seen in the wider context of the entire household livelihood system. Conceptual models represent a tool for understanding the connections between the components of complex systems, but they need to be followed by more detailed simulation modelling, to understand both the dynamics of these systems and the possible outcomes of various interventions in them.

Tick-borne encephalitis.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic arbovirus infection endemic to Russia and Eastern and Central Europe. Despite being a common and serious life-threatening disease for which a mass vaccination program was implemented in Austria, there is only limited reference to this disease in the English-language literature. TBE is transmitted to humans usually by the bite of a tick (either Ixodes persulcatus or Ixodes ricinus); occasionally, cases occur following consumption of infected unpasteurized milk. Transmission is seasonal and occurs in spring and summer, particularly in rural areas favored by the vector. TBE is a serious cause of acute central nervous system disease, which may result in death or long-term neurological sequelae. Effective vaccines are available in a few countries. The risk for travelers of acquiring TBE is increasing with the recent rise in tourism to areas of endemicity during spring and summer.

Holiday decision‐making in the Netherlands; Selection processes with regard to domestic and foreign holiday destination

Ever since the rise of tourism, the holiday behavior of the Dutch has been subjected to certain changes inherent to various general societal developments. The assumption is warranted that this has also caused certain changes in the holiday decision‐making process. 1984 was the most recent year a national study into the holiday selection process was conducted. It was considered advisable after more than ten years to repeat such a study in order to review whether and to which extent the holiday selection process had actually changed.

The Sticking Place: Another Look at Grades and Grading

It isn't simply laziness that has me dreading grading the stack of writing folders tucked inside my bag. There is something fundamentally wrong with putting number or letter grades on student writing. One student has written about his father, a crab fisherman in the Chesapeake Bay whose livelihood is endangered by the rise in tourism and commercialism that besieges his hometown. The paper is written with his life's blood, on his father's soul. I know I am privileged to have read the piece. Just as I know I am wrong to attach a grade to it. Like grading the Mona Lisa. Nothing needs revitalization, revision, more than the traditional ways teachers grade student writing progress. In fact, trashing the traditional grading system is the best thing we could do to ensure better reading and writing among our students. Three Mikes have convinced me of this. The

Book Review: The Englishman's England: Taste, Travel and the Rise of Tourism

Book Review: The Englishman's England: Taste, Travel and the Rise of Tourism

SHORT NOTICES

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access The Englishman's England: Taste, Travel and the Rise of Tourism. By IAN OUSBY. Pp. xiv+224Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 1990. £14. 95. MARY R WEDD MARY R WEDD Sevenoaks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XLIII, Issue 170, May 1992, Pages 302–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XLIII.170.302 Published: 01 May 1992

Reviews and Short Notices: Late Modern

HistoryVolume 76, Issue 248 p. 508-546 Reviews and Short Notices: Late Modern First published: October 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1991.tb01545.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The Englishman's England: Taste, Travel and the Rise of Tourism. By Ian Ousby. Conflict and Stability in Scottish Society, 1700–1850. Edited by T. M. Devine. The French Revolution: An Economic Interpretation. By Florin Aftalion. Revolution in the House: Family, Class and Inheritance in Southern France, 1775–1825. By Margaret H. Darrow. Revolutionary News: The Press in France, 1789–1799. By Jeremy Popkin. Jacobinism and the Revolt of Lyon, 1789–1793, By W. D. Edmonds. The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke: Volume VIII, The French Revolution, 1790–1794. Edited by L. G. Mitchell. Republicanism and Bourgeois Radicalism: Political Ideology in late Eighteenth-Century England and America. By Isaac Kramnick. Lord Grey. By E. A. Smith. The Duke of Wellington and the Command of the Spanish Army, 1812–1814. By Charles J. Esdaile. Wellington: Studies in the Military and Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington. Edited by Norman Gash. Rebecca's Children: A Study of Rural Society, Crime and Protest. By David Jones. England's ‘Prussian Minister’: Edwin Chadwick and the Politics of Government Growth, 1832–1854. By Anthony Brundage. Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980. By Roderick Floud, Kenneth Wachter and Annabel Gregory. Industrialization and the Working Class: The English Experience, 1750–1900. By John Belcham. The French Economy in the Nineteenth Century: An Essay in Econometric Analysis. By M. Lévy-Leboyer and M. Bourguignon. The Spirit of the Oxford Movement: Tractarian Essays. By Owen Chadwick. Science and Reform: Selected Works of Charles Babbage. Edited by A. Hyman. The Correspondence of Charles Darwin: Volume V, 1851–1855. Edited by Charles Burkhardt and Sydney Smith. The Crimean War: British Grand Strategy against Russia, 1853–1856. By Andrew D. Lambert. The Chancellor as Courtier: Bernhard von Bülow and the Governance of Germany, 1900–1909. By Katharine Anne Lerman. Class and Ethnicity in the Pale: The Political Economy of Jewish Workers' Nationalism in late Imperial Russia. By Yoav Peled. Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Revolution, 1917–1921. By Orlando Figes. Hungary in the First World War. By József Galántai. Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club, 1893–1923. By Tom Steele. Arthur Henderson. By Chris Wrigley. For Anarchism: History, Theory and Practice. Edited by David Goodway. Syndicalism in France: A Study of Ideas. By Jeremy Jennings. ‘The Workers Themselves’: Revolutionary Syndicalism and International Labour, 1913–1923. By Wayne Thorpe. The Formation of the Polish Community in Great Britain, 1939–1950. By Keith Sword with Norman Davies and Jan Ciechanowski. Polish Paradoxes. Edited by Stanisplaw Gomulka and Antony Polonsky. A Social and Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe. By Gerold Ambrosius and William H. Hubbard. The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy. By David Cannadine. Dorian. By Hervé Coutau-Begarie and Claude Huan. France, the Cold War and the Western Alliance, 1944–1949: French Foreign Policy and Post-War Europe. By John W. Young. American Labor and Postwar Italy, 1943–1953: A Study of Cold War Politics. By Ronald L. Filipelli. Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society. Edited by Ellen Badone. Fin de Siècle Socialism and Other Essays. By Martin Jay. Countdown to Rebellion: British Policy in Cyprus, 1939–1955. By George Horton Kelling. The Foundation of British Defence Policy Towards the Middle East, 1948–1956. By David Devereux. The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953–1955. By Peter G. Boyle. The Attlee and Churchill Administrations and Industrial Unrest: A Study in Consensus. By J. D. Smith. The Robert Hall Diaries, 1954–1961. Edited by Alec Cairncross. Statin: The Glasnost Revelations. By Walter Laqueur. The Fruits of Fascism: Postwar Prosperity in Historical Perspective. By Simon Reich. The German Economy in the Twentieth Century. By Hans-Joachim Braun. British Feminism in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Harold L. Smith. The Blackwell Biographical Dictionary of British Political Life in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Keith Robbins. Montague Burton: The Tailor of Taste. By Eric M. Sigsworth. Volume76, Issue248October 1991Pages 508-546 RelatedInformation