Riparia Research Articles

Leaves of more cold hardy grapes have a higher density of small, sunken stomata

Leaf stomatal density, index and size are known to be affected by the growing conditions, presumably to provide a better function for plant development. The question was whether there is a difference in stomatal parameters between grape species with different cold hardiness: V. riparia and V. vinifera; and the V. vinifera cultivars 'Riesling', 'Chardonnay', 'Sauvignon Blanc' and 'Merlot'. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy allowed the observation of 3 types of stomata in developing and mature leaves of all examined grape leaves. Stomatal parameters were found to be significantly affected by species or cultivar and growing conditions but not rootstock. A higher stomatal density and index were determined for the more cold hardy V. riparia and V. vinifera 'Riesling', whereby the higher number of stomata in 'Riesling' was found to be due to a higher number of small, sunken stomata. These findings might indicate a strategy of grape plants to optimize growth under low temperatures by using fast-acting stomata whose gas and water exchange are less affected than for larger stomata.

GENETIC AND MATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON EMBRYONIC PHYSIOLOGY: INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY IN AVIAN EMBRYONIC HEART RATES

ABSTRACT The heart rate of embryos of altricial pigeons (Columba domestica) and bank swallows (Riparia riparia) was measured on a daily basis to investigate interclutch versus intraclutch variability in heart rate during development. In both pigeons and swallows, the developmental patterns of heart rate change in siblings (i.e., embryos from the same clutch) are statistically much more similar than those of embryos from other clutches of the same species. These findings could be explained on the basis of (1) measurement error (which cannot account for the present observations), (2) genetic effects, in which siblings are genetically predisposed to show particular physiological patterns, or (3) maternal and/or common environment effects, where environmental influences on either the mother or the offspring cause siblings to undergo more similar patterns of physiological development. Having defined and discussed these sources of variation, we indicate how experimental protocols might be designed that could de...

Isolation, Purification and Hemostatic Activity of Water-soluble Polysaccharide from Blumea riparia (BI．)DC．

Water-soluble polysaccharide B(BRP-B) in Blumea riparia(BI.) DC.was extracted and purified by using membrane separation,discoloration on diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-cellulose,and sephadex column chromatography of G10 and G50.Results from high-performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC) showed that the obtained BRP-B has a narrow-distributed molecular mass,with the number average molecular mass and mass average molecular mass as 2654 and 2716,respectively.The drug activity test based on plasma recalcification as the index showed that BRP-B with the optimal concentration of 6.25 × 10-2 g/L had the strongest procoagulant activity,the coagulation time was 248.52 s,and the inhibition rate of coagulation time was 22.42%.In particularly,BRP-B with concentration of 1.67 × 10-2,1.97 × 10-2 and 2.85 × 10-2 g/L could significantly enhance the frequency of uterus muscle.

RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDE USE WHEN CULTIVATING ROOTSTOCK OF VINE

SUMMARY The vine culture foresees the use of rootstock of whose quality depend the vine plantations productivity and longevity. One of the agrotechnical measures that can considerably influence the rootstock vine growth and productivity, cord quality amelioration, regeneration activity, calluse genesis and concrescence of grafting components is the administration of steroidal glycosides. The investigations made were directed to elucidate the steroidal glycosides Moldstim and Ecostim over the rootstock vine growth of Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 variety and to use the optimal application concentration that contribute to the increase of their productivity. It was studied the action of Moldstim and Ecostim steroidal glycosides in the following doses: 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l. The plants’ sprinkling was made when they were at the beginning of the phonological phase – intensive growth, when the shoots reached the length of 60-75cm only once. The plants of the variant control were watered. As a result of the investigations made, it came out that the plant’s reaction on the action of both the steroidal glycosides applied was similar, with non-significant derivations and is manifested by activating the shoot vigor of growth at the beginning and middle period of vegetation, depending also on the type of preparation, its dose of administration, the average length of shoots at the end of the period of vegetation had increased with 8,02…10,27 % (Moldstim) and 5,91…13,97 % (Ecostim) in comparison with the control variant, it was established an increase of the maturation of cords used for grafting, of the plants productivity – 12,3 % (Moldstim) and 19,2 % (Ecosatim). The optimal concentration of the solution for sprinkling the plants for both the preparations it varies between 10 and 25 mg/l. when increasing the dose of administration of the studied glycosides, it is emphasized a diminution of their action efficiency.

COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES OF BIOPREPARATION OF STEROIDAL TYPE ON GRAPE STOCK PLANTATION PRODUCTIVITY

SUMMARY The use of bioactive substances for grape graft cro p, in best doses of application, has demonstrated the influence by increasing the planta tion growing and productivity, the quality of used offshoots grafting. The spectrum of growth promoter bioactive substances enlarged recently by elaborating and using in the cultivation of agricul tural plants some natural substances of steroidal nature, fact that conditions the necessit y of thoroughgoing study investigation in this domain, elaborates the physiological and technologi cal aspects of their use. The researches made had the aim to emphasize the biopreparation’s action of steroidal type Moldstim and Ecostim of grape graft growth and development of Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 variety and concentration tracing out that c ontributes to their plantation increase. The experience organization was realized in field condi tions, in randomized block with 4 repetitions. There were studied the preparations Mo ldstim and Ecostim action with the doses: 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/liter, Aplicated as watery so lution form, by fine spraying on the whole plant at the beginning of phonological phase ‐ the intensive outshoots growth. It was established that the reaction of plants on t he treatment with the tested biopreparations is different and reacts in dependen ce with the dose and the term of application, the soil biological specific features, the pedoclimatic conditions. The biologic active substances administrated in sma ll doses has a stimulative effect on shoot growing length and thickness, the process of leaf formation, photosynthetic apparatus activity and surface, biosythesis and assimilative pigment accumulation. It was found that the acceleration of textures differentiation and that o f shoot significant maturation, on an average, the maturated wooden shoot length increased to 58,1 -79,4 cm. The tested preparations contributed to a stable intensification of shoot gr owth with the diameter more than 7,0 mm. So, the most significant effect has been seen at th e bioprepration administration with the application doses of Moldsim ‐ 10 mg/l and Ecostim ‐ 25 mg/l. In case of preparation administration in small dose s, it is shown a weak retardatory effect.

NrDNA external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequence data, reticulate evolution, and the systematics of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae)

Abstract Sequence data from the nrDNA external transcribed spacer (ETS) were generated to help resolve questions about the evolution of Machaeranthera left unanswered by previous analyses of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site data and nrDNA ITS sequence data. Combined ITS and ETS (nrDNA) evidence agreed with cpDNA evidence in supporting a close relationship between Oonopsis and M. tanacetifolia. Nuclear rDNA evidence also supported an alliance between M. sections Blepharodon and Sideranthus. The nrDNA evidence provided greater support for the relationships of M. gypsitherma, M. heterophylla, M. stenoloba, and M. viscida than earlier analyses of ITS sequence data, reinforcing earlier conclusions that these species have experienced reticulate evolution. Finally, nrDNA evidence provided strong support for a group consisting of M. bigelovii, M. canescens, M. gypsitherma, and M. riparia. The relationships that nrDNA evidence supported for these four species conflicted substantially with those supported b...

Rootstock susceptibility to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium spp.

Summary. Twenty healthy cuttings each were inoculated artificially with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium inflatipes and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. After the formation of callus, they were planted in pots. Approximately one year after inoculation, disease occurrence was recorded as the length of brown vascular streaking from the base of plant toward the shoot tip. Discolored areas were cultured on potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline hydrochloride (PDA-tet) and pathogens were re-isolated. Inoculation with Pa. chlamydospora showed that rootstocks 3309, 420A, 110R, 5C, Schwarzmann, St. George, and Salt Creek were least susceptible, while 99R, 39-16, Freedom, Riparia Gloire, 140Ru, 16-16 and 1103 were most susceptible. When inoculated with Pm. inflatipes, 16-16, 3309, AXR1, Salt Creek, 110R, 5C, Freedom and 140Ru were least susceptible, while 420A, St. George, 161-49, and Harmony were most susceptible. Inoculation with Pm. aleophilum showed that 1103, 420A, Harmony, and Salt Creek were least susceptible, while 110R, SO4, 39-16 and 161-49 were most susceptible. The susceptibility of the rootstocks and the occurrence of vine decline in the field in California did not appear to be well correlated because 3309, 101-14, 5C, and 110R were always most susceptible. But these rootstocks are the most widely planted, and hence the natural occurrence of the disease is probably skewed towards these rootstocks. However, since no resistance was detected in our study, even though there was a wide range of susceptibility, the degree of rootstock susceptibility may not be such an important factor in disease expression under natural conditions.

UTILIZATION OF VITIS RIPARIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WINE VARIETIES WITH RESISTANCE TO DISEASE AND EXTREME COLD

UTILIZATION OF VITIS RIPARIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WINE VARIETIES WITH RESISTANCE TO DISEASE AND EXTREME COLD

Interactions during Feeding between Tadpoles of Ranidella signifera and R. riparia

Quelle que soit la nature des interactions entre ces deux especes les experiences montre, que la presence de R. r. induit un changement dans l'alimentation de R. s. On ne peut determiner si ce changement est defavorable a R. s

The genus Tetradenia Benth. (Lamiaceae). I. African species

The genus Iboza N. E. Br. is placed as a synonym of Tetradenia Benth. and the following new combinations are made: T. barberae (N.E. Br.) Codd, T. brevispicata (N.E. Br.) Codd and T. riparia (Hochst.) Codd.

Tri- O-methylgalangin from Aniba riparia

Tri- O-methylgalangin from Aniba riparia

ARGIOPE RIPARIA AND ITS PARASITE ICHNEUMON ARANEARUM, AND ITS PARASITE A CHALCID FLY

The nests of Argiope riparia were unusually abundant las autumn in the neighborhood of this city. During the preceding summer this gayly colored, but atrocious looking spider, could be seen stationed in the centre of its well formed geometeric web on nearly all of the low shrubbery in the uncultivated portion of Centra Park.