Ring Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

A Polarization-Reconfigurable High-Gain Microstrip Antenna

A novel polarization-reconfigurable cut ring microstrip antenna with high gain is proposed. This simple structure microstrip antenna consists of a ring radiation patch, two switches (p-i-n diodes), and six nonmetallic columns. By controlling the switches, the antenna can be operated on three polarized states: one state for linear polarization (LP), one state for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), and one state for right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). In addition, the antenna peak gain can reach 10.0 dB for LP, LHCP, and RHCP over the operating bandwidth and stable unidirectional radiation patterns. The proposed antenna is fabricated and verified. By analyzing simulated and measured results, the measured common operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna on three states is from 3.86 to 3.98 GHz with the relative bandwidth of 3.1%. The cross-polarization of the antenna on the whole states is very low. Good polarization-reconfigurable characteristics of the proposed antenna have been obtained from 3.86 to 3.98 GHz. The proposed antenna is also a good candidate for advanced wireless communication systems.

Compact quad‐band second harmonic antenna based on metamaterial DRA load

AbstractWe have developed a compact antenna for wireless applications with a new shape and special attribute. It is a dual‐band antenna with a second harmonic characteristic. The antenna has a special shape of the dielectric resonator with metamaterial meandered composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) structure. The Microstrip ring antenna is the right‐hand part. We used the Microstrip meandered line via inductance for the unit cells to achieve a circular polarization and to change the current distribution at the surface of the antenna. We added a parasitic ring to the antenna to achieve the second harmonic resonance. We have connected three unit cells at the 120° angle. This special shape provides the circular polarization and compact size. The antenna has quad‐band at the first harmonic, and the resonances occurred at 2.25 and 2.8 GHz. The second harmonics happened at 4.5 and 5.6 GHz.

Design of Graphene Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for 2.4 GHz Bands

Design of Graphene Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for 2.4 GHz Bands

A CPW - Fed Octagonal Ring Shaped Wide Band Antenna for Wireless Applications

A CPW – Fed octagonal ring shaped antenna for wideband operation is presented. The radiating patch of proposed octagonal ring antenna consists of symmetrical slot in place of conventional annular ring microstrip antenna. The ground plane consists of two rectangular slots, while the radiator and the ground plane are on same plane that utilizes the space available around the radiator. The proposed antenna is simulated through Ansoft’s High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Measured result shows balanced agreement with the simulated results. The prototype is taken with dimensions 47 mm × 47 mm × 1.6 mm that achieves good return loss, constant group delay and good radiation patterns over the entire operating bandwidth of 2.0 to 9.5 GHz (7.5 GHz). The proposed antenna achieves high impedance bandwidth of 130%. Thus, the proposed antenna is applicable for S and C band applications.

Near-field microwave radiation function on spin assembly of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond with copper wire and ring microstrip antennas

The spin manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with high efficiency is associated with the optimized performance of a microwave antenna. We theoretically and experimentally compared two kinds of custom-built microwave antennas, namely, copper wire and ring microstrip antennas, in terms of frequency and impedance matching, near-field radiation distribution, spin excitation performance through energy distribution, Smith chart, and electron spin resonance. We observed that the microstrip antenna showed decreased impedance deviation errors by more than one half, as determined from the Smith chart and microwave echo loss, and its transmission efficiency was much lower than that of the copper wire antenna as determined by scattering parameter comparison. In addition, we found that the normalized contrast of the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra of the microstrip antenna is 5 times greater than that of the copper wire antenna as determined using our custom-built confocal microscopy system under the same conditions.

CPW - fed dodecagon ring shape antenna for ultra wide band application

The paper presents a coplanar waveguide (CPW)–fed compact ultra wideband (UWB) dodecagon ring shape microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna consists of dodecagon ring radiating patch in place of a conventional annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) to achieve UWB. The proposed antenna is simulated through Ansoft's high frequency structure simulator (HFSS v. 14.0). The measured result shows good agreement with the simulated results. The prototype is taken with dimensions 47 mm × 47 mm × 1.6 mm that achieves good return loss, peak gain (8 dBi) and good radiation patterns over the entire operating bandwidth of 2.18 to 13.76 GHz (11.58 GHz) with 145% of impedance bandwidth at 7.97 GHz centre frequency. Thus, the proposed antenna is applicable for numerous wireless applications.

A Method of Designing a Dual-Band Sector Ring Microstrip Antenna and Its Application

A dual-band sector ring microstrip antenna operating at the TM11 and TM02 modes is analyzed and then designed in this communication. Unlike previous analyses that use only cavity model or transmission line, a simpler analysis using both models is proposed. Accordingly, several closed equations are derived. Such equations determine the relationship among three important units of construction, namely the radii, the angle, and its operating frequencies, and with the operating factors in a dual-band sector ring patch. The errors between the proposed method and the cavity model are acceptable. The field and radiation patterns of the sector ring patch are also discussed. In addition, these analyses and equations are applied to design a dual-band sector ring microstrip antenna for WLAN. A novel coupling sector ring patch is then proposed to improve the performance of the antenna. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analyses and the simulations. The impedance bandwidths of the antenna are about 40 and 900 MHz with consistent broadside radiation patterns at 2.4 and 5.5 GHz band. Additionally, their measured average gains are about 5.1 and 6.3 dBi, respectively.

Circularly Polarized Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna for High Gain Application

ABSTRACTDesign, simulation and measurement of high gain annular ring microstrip antenna with L-shaped strip for circular polarization is presented. The simulated and experimental results are obtained using Ansoft’s commercially available High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS, Brookfield WI) software and the Agilen (Santa Clara, CA) vector network analyzer (N5230A.PNA-L), respectively. Parametric study of input characteristics of the proposed antenna is carried out using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory concept. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results show good accord between each other. For the TM12 mode, measured results illustrated an impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of 28.20 and 10.4%, respectively. With high gain, low profile, good radiation pattern, and simple structure, it can find potential industrial application in X-band to communicate between peripherals with each other.

Multi-band Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Communication

ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with a defected ground structure for multi-band operation is being proposed. Defected ground structure is produced by integrating a circular slot in the ground plane having different centre with the annular ring radiator patch. Microstrip line feed is used to excite the annular ring patch antenna placed on an FR4 substrate (dielectric constant er = 4). Results of the proposed antenna are carried out using Ansoft HFSS simulation software, and compared with the measured results, which shows good agreement. It is observed that the proposed antenna shows four bands at f1 = 2.92 GHz, f2 = 5.64 GHz, f3 = 8.21 GHz, and f4 = 10.53 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% respectively. The proposed antenna is suitable for S, C and X band wireless communication system. Keywords-band, Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna, Defected Ground Structure, Microstrip line feed.

Sectored annular ring microstrip antenna with DGS for circular polarization

ABSTRACTA novel and simple design of circularly polarized sectored annular ring microstrip antenna with coplanar and concentric circular microstrip antenna is presented. The proposed antenna has single microstrip line feed with defected ground structure. Simulation analysis has been carried out using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSSTM) software and measurement is carried out using the AgilentTM Vector Network Analyser (N5230A:PNA‐L). Parametric analysis of return loss and axial ratio versus frequency for different physical parameter of antenna has been studied. Experimental results of the proposed antenna show the 34.61% impedance bandwidth and 8.08% axial ratio bandwidth at 2.6 GHz center frequency with 6.96 dB peak gain. Simulated results are in good agreement with measured results. Due to low profile and simple geometry, it can be applicable for S‐band application effectively as wireless LAN, Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, Zig‐Bee, and radio frequency identification antennas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:569–573, 2016

Dual‐reconfigurable microstrip antenna for polarisation agility and diversity

A novel design of a circular ring microstrip antenna using dual-reconfigurable perturbation to obtain polarisation agility and diversity is reported. The proposed antenna employs two couples of slots and stubs at a diagonal corner for generating and alternating right-/left-handed circular polarisations, respectively. By switching the anti-parallel bridged pin diodes of the implemented antenna, polarisation agility and diversity are successfully demonstrated.

Orthogonal slot-loaded coaxially stacked annular ring antenna with circular patch for multiband application

A coaxially stacked annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) and circular microstrip antenna using L-probe feed and orthogonally slot-loaded at the inner periphery of the ARMSA is designed and fabricated for multiband application. The theoretical analysis of the proposed antenna has been carried out using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory concept. Simulation of the proposed antenna has been performed using Ansoft HFSS software. The experimental results of input characteristic are obtained using Agilent™ vector network analyzer. The proposed antenna is resonating in L-band (1.88 GHz), S-band (2.51 GHz), and C-band (3.81 and 4.88 GHz) band with 6.38, 9.96, 2.62, and 3.27% impedance bandwidth, respectively. Theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results.

Design and Analysis of Cavity Backed Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna for Personal Wireless Communication

Effect of cylindrical metallic cavity enclosure on resonant frequency of the annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) having air-gap between substrate and ground plane is studied. The proposed antenna is analyze theoretically using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory concept and verified by simulated results using Ansoft HFSS simulation software and experimental results. Theoretical and measured result of input characteristics shows good agreement with simulated results. Effect of cylindrical metallic cavity backing on resonance frequency of ARMSA is investigated for different air gap height and inner patch radius. The patch miniaturization of about 15 % is achieved using cavity backed ARMSA.

Wideband and compact slot loaded annular ring microstrip antenna using L-probe proximity-feed for wireless communications

A wideband orthogonally slot cut annular ring microstrip antenna fed by L-shaped probe is investigated using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory approach. Simulation of the proposed antenna is performed using Ansoft HFSS and simulated results are compared with the measured and theoretical results. The impedance bandwidth of about 37.46% is observed at resonant frequency 3.15 GHz. The proposed antenna realizes an improvement in bandwidth of 13.46% and miniaturization in physical dimension about 10% from earlier reported structures. An improvement in bandwidth and miniaturization is due to thick substrate, L-probe feed, and orthogonally loaded slots. The measured results of fabricated antennas are in good agreement with simulated and theoretical results.

Stacked microstrip antenna fed by an L ‐probe for quadruple band operation

A stacked patch microstrip antenna combined with a stacked ring microstrip antenna is proposed for quadruple band operation. The two antennas (a stacked patch microstrip antenna and a stacked ring microstrip antenna) are excited by an L-probe feed. The impedance bandwidth is enhanced by using double resonance at all frequency bands. With simulations, the relationships between the antenna's geometrical parameters and operational frequencies are clarified. The operational principle for quadruple band is explained by the simulated electric currents. The antenna is designed for Wi-Fi (2.45/5.25/5.6 GHz bands) and mobile WiMAX (3.5 GHz band).

Circularly polarised cut ring microstrip antenna

A circularly polarised cut ring microstrip antenna is proposed. The antenna realises circular polarisation and obtains high gain. It is characterised by simple construction and feed mode, and it is not sensitive to the feeding position, which means it is easy to be matched. A study of the different geometric parameters of the antenna and their effect on the performance of the antenna has been conducted. The designed antenna works at about 3.4 GHz, and the results show good performance with a −10 dB return loss bandwidth of ∼19.6%, a 3 dB axial ratio a bandwidth of ∼4.2% and a circularly polarised gain of about 10.97 dB. The measured results agree well with the simulated results.

An accurate computation method based on artificial neural networks with different learning algorithms for resonant frequency of annular ring microstrip antennas

An annular ring compact microstrip antenna (ARCMA) constructed by loading a circular slot in the center of the circular patch antenna is a popular microstrip antenna due to its favorable properties. In this study, a method based artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been firstly applied for the computing the resonant frequency of ARCMAs. Multilayered perceptron model based on feed forward back propagation ANN has been utilized, and the constructed model have been separately trained with 8 different learning algorithms to achieve the best results regarding the resonant frequency of ARCMAs at dominant mode. To this end, the resonant frequencies of 80 ARCMAs with varied dimensions and electrical parameters in accordance with UHF band covering GSM, LTE, WLAN and WiMAX applications were simulated with a robust numerical electromagnetic computational tool, $$\hbox {IE3D}^\mathrm{TM}$$IE3DTM, which is based on method of moment. Then, ANN model was constructed with the simulation data, by using 70 ARCMAs for training and the remaining 10 for test. As the performances of the 8 learning algorithms are compared with each other, the best result is obtained with Levenberg---Marquardt algorithm. The proposed ANN model were confirmed by comparing with the suggestions reported elsewhere via measurement data published earlier in the literature, and they have further validated on an ARCMA fabricated in this study. The results achieved in this study show that ANN model learning with LM algorithm can be successfully used to compute the resonant frequency of ARCMAs without involving any sophisticated methods.

Genetic Algorithms for the Synthesis of Circular Microstrip Ring Antenna

Microstrip antennas synthesis is a demanding task; many of the equations involved in the process use various approximations due to the nonlinear properties and relations that govern the antenna synthesis. In This paper we tried to use genetic algorithm to design a circular microstrip ring that operates in a predefined frequency band (402 – 405 MHz) Medical Implant Communication Service Frequency Band. The methodology and procedures are presented, a presentation of the method is provided and an HFSS simulation of the antenna is made. Results are presented with guidelines for further future work

Analysis of Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Air Gap and Uniaxial Substrate Superstrate Layers

Analysis of superstrate loaded, air gap tuned annular ring microstrip antenna is performed and effects of air gap tuning on the resonant frequency are investigated. Results obtained indicate that due to air gap tuning, resonant frequency can be incrementally or decrementally changed depending on the adjustment of anisotropy ratio of substrate and superstrate layers. Results can be used to obtain tunable, wideband antenna operation.

Annular ring microstrip patch antenna with finite ground plane for ultra-wideband applications

A design of annular ring microstrip antenna with finite ground structure is proposed in this paper. The proposed geometry offers impedance bandwidth of 2.362 GHz and has stable radiation patterns for all resonant frequencies in the operational band. It is also found that shape and dimension of the finite ground plane is a key factor in improving the bandwidth of the proposed geometry. The geometry is low profile and has simple structure, therefore can be used for lower band of ultra-wideband applications.