Rights Of Minority Groups Research Articles

The politics of voicelessness: voices of community elders in ethic and religious minorities in the Philippines

The study aims to examine the phenomena of minoritization, which involves the imposition of the beliefs and culture of dominant groups onto minority groups, leading to social exclusion and conflicts. The study utilizes data analysis to identify themes related to the process of minoritization. The study illustrates that minoritization occurs when dominant groups perceive themselves as superior and endeavor to dominate others, resulting in violence, oppression, and social exclusion. This study focuses on the perspectives of grassroots voices, going beyond traditional inquiries on equalities between different groups to provide a deeper insight into the systemic challenges encountered by minority communities. It emphasizes attributes such as dominant groups imposing their beliefs on others, perceiving them as inferior, and forcing them to adopt their culture or traditions. To address the issue of minoritization, the study emphasizes the importance of carrying out dialogues at all levels, promoting understanding across various cultures and religions, implementing policies that protect the rights of minority groups, and preventing systematic minoritization. This study enhances broader discussions on inclusivity and equality through exploring its findings in relation to global issues of prejudice. It advocates for the increased recognition and valued of minority voices in society. This emphasizes the need for holistic strategies that promote mutual respect among different communities and prevent conflicts arising from social exclusion.

POLITICAL AND AXIOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND FEATURES OF THE ANALYSIS OF ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION

This research paper explores the concept of ethnic identification and its complex nature influenced by various factors such as heritage, self-awareness, social structure, fluidity, complexity, intersectionality, importance, and influence. The study aims to understand the purpose and objectives related to ethnic identification by examining political and axiological approaches. The political approaches focus on power dynamics, nationalism, and minority group rights, while axiological approaches emphasize values, identity formation, and ethical notions associated with ethnic identification. The research utilizes a qualitative analysis employing the bibliometric method to review the literature in the field of political science. Data collection, bibliometric visualization, and analysis were performed to identify trends and patterns. The analysis reveals a significant interest in the topic of ethnic identification, with a growing number of articles published over the years. The article provides a comprehensive overview of studies published between 2019 and 2023, highlighting their key findings and contributions. The research underscores the relevance of understanding ethnic identification for building a just society and suggests that political and axiological approaches offer valuable insights into its complexity and implications.

Evidence from Indonesia on the legal policy confronting discrimination of minority groups based on race and ethnicity

The diversity of a multicultural society that supports Indonesia's national welfare has the opportunity to cause conflict and division, but there are still many acts of discrimination, especially against minority groups (race and ethnicity). Indonesia guarantees protection against discrimination as a constitutional right based on Article 281 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 40 of 2008, Law No. 39 of 1999, even in the TAP MPR RI No. XVII/MPR/1998 on Human Rights. This research uses a normative method with a statute approach and is descriptive and qualitative. This discrimination violates human rights and is not in line with the principles of democracy and equality before the law. The Indonesian government has made various efforts to guarantee the rights of minority groups. Preventive efforts outside the law are still needed. Human rights, which were originally intended to secure the dimensions of human power as dignified beings, have been transformed into human rights that are considered to be full of dimensions of anthropocentrism, humanism, egoism, and false individualism. In terms of legislation, it is harmonious, but the practical implementation is still minimal, this can be seen from the lack of socialization of existing regulations related to racial and ethnic discrimination which still often occurs in the form of insults for certain races and ethnicities.

Exploring the sustainability of public housing: the case of customized public housing for artists in Seoul

Since 2014, Seoul has proposed customized public housing as a means to address the reduced effectiveness of the urban housing supply. The focus of policy has gradually shifted from total housing security to welfare support, and the South Korean government has announced that the model will be replicated nationwide by 2023. The paper aims to summarize the development and characteristics of the artist-tailored public housing through a review of policy developments and cases from 2013 to 2023. The analysis reveals that the model is characterized by a uniform supply by the public sector, starting with the rights of minority groups rather than the needs of society as a whole. It helps improve the housing supply's effectiveness and moderate the vacancy rate in the city and regional economic stagnation. Finally, this paper summarizes the staged development experience of the artist's customized public rental housing system from four aspects: housing market, supply system, regional economy, and residents' spontaneous participation, and discusses the system's role in promoting the sustainable development of the public housing system. It provides suggestions for the current model's promotion and also provides references for the binary opposition relationship between the economic value of art and urban gentrification in other countries.

Necessity of Translating the Ghana National Anthem into Indigenous Languages

National anthems are an integral part of every country's identity and heritage. The national anthem represents a country's culture, history, and traditions. However, in many countries, the official anthem is only available in one language, usually the dominant language spoken by most of the population. This exclusionary approach denies linguistic diversity and undermines the cultural rights of minority groups, particularly indigenous communities who are illiterates. In this research paper, we argue that it is necessary to translate the Ghana national anthem into indigenous languages to promote linguistic and cultural diversity, preserve cultural heritage, and promote social inclusion as well as give fundamental human right to language to those Ghanaians who are not able to read and write in the English language. The paper examines case studies of countries that have already taken steps in this direction and evaluate the impact of translating the official anthem into indigenous languages.

Research on Multiculturalism Citizenship and Civic Education

Multiculturalist citizenship is a differential citizenship based on the claim of multiculturalism and a critique of the universality of liberal citizenship. It takes ethnic differences as the base, emphasizes the special rights of minority groups and cultural identity of ethnic groups, and cultivates the multicultural identity of citizens. Multiculturalism emphasizes the difference and multicultural identity of citizens, but does not exclude the unity of citizens and national citizenship. Therefore, multiculturalism citizenship education needs to deal with the relationship between equality and difference, and between ethnic identity and national identity. Only in this way can we maintain both the diversity of ethnic groups and the unity of national identity.

La participation des groupes communautaires au musée : quelles logiques et pour quels effets ? Le cas de l’exposition InterReconnaissance à l’Écomusée du fier monde

Begun in 2018, the action-research project Accessibilité des publics marginalisés au musée: des outils adaptés (Museum accessibility for marginalized publics: adapted tools) wished to include the publics in a reflection on inclusion in the museum. The initiative was undertaken after a research project InterReconnaissance, La mémoire des droits dans le milieu communautaire au Québec (2012-2017), as well as the InterReconnaissance, une mémoire citoyenne se raconte exhibition (Écomusée du fier monde, 2018-2019). This vast endeavour explored “the stories behind the story,” that is, the battles to defend and promote minority group rights since the 1960s. The research-action project was based on the observation that the museal milieu faced a lack of knowledge, experience and resources to conceive accessibility for certain groups, most notably people living with mental health issues, handicaps and issues related to recent immigration. It was also necessary to make the exhibition accessible to communities within it and involved in its realization. This wish guided the team, composed of researchers, an artist and a cultural mediator, to consult with three groups concerned with mobilizing community networks and defending rights historically constituted and organized around, by and for these populations. This step then led to the creation and realization of cultural mediation activities adapted and developed in conjunction with the community movement. Two stances characterized the project. While they are not mutually exclusive, they delineate the trends that can shed a novel light on the actions and role of museums. The first is defined by an anthropological research approach that allows the recounting of history through the memory of its principal actors. It is also revealed by the polyphonic approach of the exhibition and the validation of these people, their actions and their impact on Quebec society. The exhibition thus makes another history visible and promotes acknowledgement of it by bringing it into the museum, contributing to the defense of rights. The other rationale is rooted in a consideration of the conditions encouraging museum visits by the most marginalized groups through concerted action with community organizations. It is the foundation of a variety of strategies adopted to create an activity of cultural mediation and co-creation to meet the needs and wishes of the invitees, as well as contributing to an activity that is meaningful for the groups, by pursuing the goals of appropriating and transmitting knowledge, but also self-emancipation and self-expression. Here, the project is based more on a logic of inclusion that museums have increasingly adopted in recent years. In this article, we propose a theoretical exploration of these two approaches. It also allows us to analyze the participation of the publics in light of the principles of the museal tradition of ecomuseology. In addition to painting a reflective and critical portrait of our action and the project we have dedicated ourselves to in recent years, we think that this work will encourage reflection on the effect of different participatory modes of the publics at the museum, particularly groups experiencing exclusion. We also hope that it will help illuminate museal action and the various possible dimensions of the museum’s social role.

Coping with the Australian marriage law postal survey and its legacy: “I create meaning and joy and connection and community”

People who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, or other diverse sexual or gender identities (LGBTQ+) experience psychological distress in the face of public votes regarding their human rights. This was the case during Australia’s 2017 vote on marriage equality. The present study retrospectively explored two key concepts: how LGBTQ + people coped with Australia’s marriage equality vote and its perceived long-term impacts. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews with LGBTQ + Australians two-and-a-half years after the vote and analyzed transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Coping strategies included social withdrawal, seeking affirming spaces, turning helplessness into action, and seeking professional support. Perceived legacy included changed relationships, greater emphasis on LGBTQ + identity and community, losing faith in social and political institutions, commitment to pursuing minority group rights, and changed views on marriage.

Le conseguenze della pandemia da COVID-19 sui diritti culturali delle minoranze nazionali in Europa centro orientale, baltica e balcanica

The analysis of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cultural rights of national minorities in the countries of Central Eastern, Baltic and Balkan Europe (CEBBE) cannot ignore the fact that since the end of the 1980s, the forms of State of these countries – “inspired”, albeit in different measures, by the Socialist one – have been affected by a number of changes, which in turn influenced their models of minority protection. The article therefore pays particular attention to the relationship between the evolution of the forms of States in CEBBE countries and the shaping of new models of protection of cultural rights of minority groups. This analysis is functional not only to identify in a comparative perspective similarities and differences between the models of protection of minority cultural rights, but above all to verify the effective guarantee of the same in the context of the democratic backsliding experienced by some CEBBE countries, further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Politics Multiculturalism of Minority Religions in Demanding Freedom of Worship

This study addresses the violation of the rights of minority groups to adhere to beliefs other than the six state religions recognized in Indonesia. The government must identify why minority rights are not being fulfilled, and seek to provide answers so that they become the main learning material for diversity in Indonesia. In particular, the power of the state in controlling the dynamics of a pluralistic society is to maintain the integrity and unity of society in an effort to realize the ideals of Pancasila to create a just and prosperous society. This study uses field studies and qualitative research methodologies, including direct observation and in-depth interviews with community leader Towani Tolotang, to obtain objective information about the reality of the object under study. This research shows that until now the Towani Tolotang community in Sidrap Regency still exists in cultural practices and social interaction with the Sidrap community in general because of their political actions. Furthermore, social belief states that the Towani Tolotang community is part of the Bugis community which has a distinctive culture that must be protected.

Constructing Religious Moderation in Islamic Higher Education

This study focuses on students' perceptions to explore and measure the elements that form religious moderation. Nine common factors are understood: understanding Islam, sharia balance, values of human beings, plurality in religion, rights of minority groups, national engagement, anti-violence, an attitude of friendship, and educational curricula. The nine factors seem to be interlinked too intimately, and therefore a theme is needed to simplify and make them more operable. This research method is quantitative with the type of explantation research and using a survey approach. The study involved 90 samples. Data analysis techniques of these factors used the help of computer programs such as SPSS software. The results demonstrated that these nine factors could be reduced to produce new names for the three main factors, namely, diversity, peace, and education. The three designations of these factors will help facilitate the approach in an effort to create an understanding of moderation among students in Islamic religious colleges.
 

The Quest for Minority Rights in Federal Ethiopia: Legal Promise and Challenges

Ethiopia has adopted ethnic-based federal system as a response to National Questions in the country during the reign of EPRDF regime. As this federal system is based on ethnicity, ethnic identity has become the key instrument regarding entitlement, representation and state organization. Now, the key to get access to the resources of the state is to acquire a separate ethnic identity and an ethnically defined administrative structure.
 Based on the analytical literature review, the study has examined the challenges posed by ethnic-based federal system to protect the rights of minority groups and individuals residing within ethnically designated regional states. The federal system has created its own types of political challenges for the protections of the rights of non-indigenous minority groups. It is constraining rather than enlarging the political space for an overall citizenship. The idea of overarching citizenship that transcends ethnic identity is lacking in the federal system. The ethnic federal system also lacks mechanism for monitoring human rights at ethnically designated sub-state levels. The study, therefore, suggest reformulating the federal system, strictly respecting the principles of the federal constitution and revisiting regional state constitutions to avoid contradiction to the supreme federal constitution.

OPRESSOR VERSUS OPRIMIDO:

Escrever um artigo com esse tema é uma tarefa hercúlea, que não exige apenas força de vontade, mas entender os caminhos percorridos pelas mulheres e os movimentos feministas durante séculos, até o ápice contemporâneo, para tanto embasaremos os nossos pensamentos em diferentes estudos bibliográficos, contudo, principalmente nas ideias do manifesto “feminismo para os 99%” de (Arruzza et al., 2019). Pretendemos aqui através de diferentes leituras abordarmos as interferências do capitalismo dentro da opressão feminista e de diferentes grupos sociais como: negros, LGBTQ+, mulheres e outros. O capitalismo e neoliberalismo que têm moldado as ações da sociedade democrática, rompendo com os direitos de grupos minoritários e subjugando as ações em defesa desses. Os manifestos feministas tendem a um anticapitalismo e o rompimento da fragmentação das lutas, ou de representações idearia da meritocracia, que muito é dissolvido na sociedade. Nos fronts as mulheres representam a igualdade de diferentes classes e não apenas das mesmas, a defesa é embasada em tudo aquilo que o capitalismo interfere com as suas ações corrosivas, que superficialmente representa o desenvolvimento, contudo, por traz escraviza os menos favorecidos e inerentes ao ciclo desenvolvimentista que favorece pequenos grupos capitalistas.

Constitutional principles and their impact on the establishing of constitutional order and rule of law in Kosovo

Considered as a progressive document based on the models of the Western constitutions, the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo has established the legal basis for a functional statethat respects rights and fundamental freedoms while guaranteeing the rule of law. In its provisions, the Constitution has laid down basic principles which serve as the foundation for Kosovo’s constitutional order. In this regard, these constitutional principles have been further enshrined in the provisions of laws that emanate from the Constitution, and also have been established in the institutional mechanisms for its appropriate application. In addition, what played a prominent role in defining these principles was the impact of the Constitutional Court’s case-law. Case-law has reaffirmed in many instances the tremendous importance of constitutional principles in enhancing the rule of law, protecting the rights of minority groups and other members of Kosovo’s society, and the right to freedom of belief and secularism by implementing the most modern European standards in human protection. Hence, this paper analyzess the impact that constitutional principles have had on defining the structure of the state, guaranteeing the rule of law, protection of human rights and establishing Kosovo as a multi-ethnic society. Likewise, it examines the case-law of Kosovo’s Constitutional Court by providing some of the most prominent cases.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS HAK-HAK KELOMPOK AGAMA MINORITAS DI INDONESIA

Freedom of religion and belief is part of the basic values contained in human rights. At present, the concept of human rights is generally accepted as a principle for all countries in the world regardless of ideology, politics, economy and social conditions. In Indonesia, efforts to democratize after the fall of the New Order regime are not in line with the guarantee of human rights for minority groups, especially in relation to freedom of religion and belief. In 2019, the condition of religious freedom in Indonesia generally tends to be negative compared to the previous year. This paper examines how legal protection of the rights of religious minorities is carried out in Indonesia. The conclusion of this study is that there are many provisions in the 1945 Constitution and in its legal system that support religious freedom, however, some discretionary powers granted to the government have made serious implications for the enforcement of these constitutional rights.

Tiny religious minorities and minority group rights: the case of the Druze community

ABSTRACT This article deals with tiny religious minorities and examines the Druze religious minority in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria as its case study. The main argument is that minorities, despite keeping a low profile in international and national affairs, have usually been subject to major atrocities, forced conversion and ethnic cleansing in civil wars; minorities feel the brunt of discrimination by their own (including democratic) states and societies, and even engage in assimilation at high rates. The process of assimilation slowly leads to the dwindling and eventually disappearance of religious minorities under the trends of cultural convergence and the forces of globalization. The article asserts that tiny religious minorities, despite their weakness, but rather because of their weakness suffer proportionally more atrocities, discrimination, and assimilation than other majority or minority groups.

Hate Speech and Election Violence in Nigeria

Although research has considered how poor governance, exclusionary politics and electoral malpractice affect election violence, the effect of hate speech on election violence has not received adequate academic attention. Using a mixed methods approach with qualitative dominance, this study examines the effect of hate speech on election violence in Nigeria during the 2011, 2015 and 2019 presidential elections. The article demonstrates that an entrenched culture of hate speech is an oft-neglected major driver of election violence in Nigeria. The study concludes that the implementation of existing anti-hate speech laws presents an opportunity for protecting the rights of minority groups, promoting political inclusion and preventing election violence in Nigeria and beyond.

A (in)visibilidade das minorias na (des)construção das políticas públicas: democracia e efetivação dos direitos fundamentais no contexto da nova face da administração pública e as populações LGBTQ+

O artigo analisa a teoria democrática na formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para a população LGBTQ+, buscando aferir se a gestão administrativa no contexto da (boa) Administração Pública adota a dinâmica participativa como elemento imprescindível de legitimação. A reflexão observa na constitucionalização do Direito Administrativo fenômeno que reforça a necessidade de garantir-se o direito de voz para grupos minoritários, dever de ouvir a população por parte do Estado, e, por fim, a existência de ferramentas de fiscalização e acompanhamento da execução e dos resultados por parte da população (e do público alvo). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitiu identificar que historicamente a invisibilidade dos grupos LGBTQ+ nos espaços públicos foi uma constante, numa realidade que está mudando a partir da CRFB/88, mas que só passa a ser relevante nos últimos anos com a ampliação dos movimentos sociais minoritários. Ao contrário da crença estabelecida de que a sociedade brasileira busca manter-se alheia aos processos de deliberação e de participação, a população LGBTQ+ busca cada vez mais ocupar esses espaços públicos e garantir legitimidade de políticas públicas no Estado Democrático de Direito.

LİBERALİZME KÜLTÜREL FARKINDALIK AÇISINDAN ELEŞTİREL BİR BAKIŞ

In this study, the question of what are the contributions of contemporary liberalism in terms of cultural awareness is investigated. The subject of the study is examined through John Rawls’s theory of distributive justice and Will Kymlicka’s theory of multiculturalism, who are the important names of contemporary liberalism. In the study, concept analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, is used. In the article, it was concluded that Rawls created awareness in terms of disadvantaged individuals and Kymlicka created awareness in terms of the rights of minority groups.

POTRET KEKUATAN MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM INSTITUSI POLITIK

The study of the relations of cultural elements, namely multiculturalism and politics, is still relatively developed. Because, the study is vulnerable to conflict, especially when faced with the word majority and minority in the realm of political institutions. As a country with a pluralistic background inhabited by various ethnicities, racial religions and Indonesian culture, certainly requires an in-depth study of the fulfilment of minority rights in the political institutions. This paper is a simple theoretical study of a combination of multiculturalism and institutionalism approaches to explain the prospects of minority involvement in formulating public policies and political institutions that must be present in accommodating the political rights of minority groups. The conclusions in this article are, the power of multiculturalism in political institutions is as follows: (1) multicultural countries must be able to provide lessons for the whole world about the meaning of diversity; (2) the institution becomes a bridge in absorbing all the aspirations of the people and carrying out the law and applying the law indiscriminately; (3) multiculturalism is actually not enough to discuss minority rights in political institutions but conflicts with grassroots sources; (4) the strength of multiculturalism in political institutions is how this study works in maintaining the harmony of the nation and state.