Rice Washing Water Research Articles

The Effect of Matriconditioning Enriched Biofertilizer and Washed Rice Water to Enhance Seed Germination, IAA Content and Seeding Growth on Shallot (Allium cepa L.)

Shallot seeds are a healthier option for cultivating shallots, as they reduce seed-borne disease infections, but they have a low germination rate. This study examined the impact of matriconditioning enriched with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and rice washing water (WRW) on increasing germination, IAA content and growth of shallot seeds. The matriconditioning treatments included P0 (control), P1 (PGPR-absent), and PGPR presence in P2 (PGPR-Rhizomax), P3 (PGPR-BenprimA), and P4 (PGPR-FloraOne). The WRW treatments included L0 (0%), L1 (50%), and L2 (100%). The shallot seeds used are deteriorated, with moisture content and germination rates below the quality standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. The research revealed that treatment with P2 was the best result on seed germination and seedling root length. The treatment with P4 was the best result on seedling dry weight. The WRW treatment with L2 exhibited the best result in seed germination, seedling root length, and seedling dry weight. The combination of P2L2 demonstrated the best result on seed germination. The treatment with matricondiitoning increased shallot sprouts IAA content in 13-day-olds compared to controls. Also, the treatment with WRW linearly increased the IAA content in 13-day-old shallot sprouts.

Application of Bacillus sp Liquid Formula Using Root Infusion Technique To Control VSD (Vascular Streak Dieback) Disease In Cocoa

This study aims to explore the potential of liquid organic waste formula made from Bacillus sp to suppress the severity of vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease in cocoa plants. The research was conducted on smallholder cocoa plantations in Patimbe Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was arranged in a non-factorial Randomised Group Design (RAK) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of control (P0=no formula); coconut water + Bacillus sp (P1); rice washing water + Bacillus sp (P2); tofu water + Bacillus sp (P3); and a combination of coconut water, rice washing water, and tofu water + Bacillus sp (P4). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 cocoa plants infected with VSD disease. The liquid organic waste formula was applied using the root infusion technique in months 1 and 3 at a dose of 250 ml/root. Observations of disease symptoms, disease development, disease severity, and disease suppression efficacy were conducted monthly. The results showed that the combination of organic waste of coconut water, tofu water, and rice washing water with Bacillus sp active ingredient was more effective in suppressing VSD disease than liquid organic waste alone with an effectiveness rate of 81.7%.

Peel-Off Mask Formulation for Facial Skin Protection Made from Active Carbon Quantum Dots From Rice Washing Water

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage facial skin. Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are active ingredients that can be formulated into peel-off masks needed to protect facial skin from UV exposure. This research aims to formulate a peel-off mask as facial skin protection made from the active ingredient CQDs from rice washing water, test the characteristics, and determine user responses to the product. The mask formulation is divided into five versions, namely F0 (without CQDs), F1, F2, and F3 (with CQDs added at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, respectively), and F+ (with added vitamin C). The resulting formulations were tested through physical tests, fluorescence using a UV lamp, and UV blocking tests. The test results for the five mask formulas showed a pH range of 4.5-5.6, stability over three weeks of storage, drying time within 27-30 minutes, homogeneity, viscosity ranging from 12,810-18,430 cPs, and spreadability ranging from 5.4-6.6 cm. The results of the organoleptic test using the one-way ANOVA test show that variations in mask formulas do not have a significantly effect on preferences for color, smell, texture, and general preferences. The results of the fluorescence test showed that there was luminescence in formulas F1, F2, and F3. UV blocking properties in the wavelength range 290-320 nm are shown in the formulas F1, F2, F3, and F+. Based on these tests, it can be concluded that the peel-off mask formulation with CQDs from rice wash water successfully produced a good peel-off mask product with a high SPF value, especially in formula F3.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC LEACHATE AND RICE WASHING WATER ON COMPOSTING TIME OF ORGANIC WASTE

Waste is an integral part of human life. The increase in population is one factor that increases the waste generated. The more the population, the more activities are carried out. Organic leachate and rice washing water are environmentally friendly compost activators and are easily obtained from daily activities. Composting is a waste management strategy. Composting is an organic method through the activity of microorganisms to decompose natural materials into materials, including humus. The purpose of this study was to determine the moisture content, temperature, pH, C/N ratio, and macro nutrients during the composting process. The physical parameters of compost from the three activator concentrations showed that the treatment of P3 (with the addition of leachate formulation 20 ml/kg and rice washing water 15 ml/kg) and P2 (with the formulation adding 20 ml/kg leachate and 10 ml rice washing water), the physical compost were brownish black in color, fine textured and smelled of soil on the 22nd day. The P3 treatment has met the quality criteria of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004, the moisture content (30%), temperature (27°C), pH (6,8), C-Organic (32,9%), Nitrogen (1,42%), Phosphor (0,65%) and Potassium (1,63%). For the C/N ratio, the result of all treatments did not meet the quality criteria of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The C/N ratio of all treatments showed that it is still above the maximum standard that has been set at 20.

Fish Feeding: Utilization of Rice Washing Water (RWW) and Fermented Citrus Peel (FCP) as culture Media for Bloodworms (Chironomus spp.)

Bloodworms are a most common and significant food source for freshwater fish, and they are also used as lures for fishing. Rice washing water accommodates important soluble nutrients. Fermented Citrus Peel is also a magnificent source of nutrients. On a daily basis, we let go of numerous wastes that can be utilised for cost-effective culturing. A possible solution is to use (RWW) & (FCP) waste as nourishing sources for Bloodworms. The aim of this study was to estimate the better growth of Bloodworms that were fed with different concentrations of Rice Washing Water (RWW) and Fermented Citrus Peel (FCP). Analysis of variance and least significance difference were used as data analytics. The design for analysis obtained was testing with five treatments and three replicates. C1 = 0% rice wash water, 100% fermented citrus peel; C2 = 25% rice wash water, 75% fermented citrus peel; C3 = 50% rice wash water, 50% fermented citrus peel; C4 = 75% rice wash water, 25% fermented citrus peel; and C5 = 100% rice wash water, 0% fermented citrus peel. Altogether, the water quality lies in a temperature range of 23–28 °C, and a pH value of 6.5-8 implies an ideal environment for the growth of bloodworms. According to the results, treatment C3 showed the highest population density and growth rate.

Rice Washing Water as an Alternative to Liquid Organic Fertiliser (LOF) in Margamulya Village, Semangga District, Merauke Regency

Rice Washing Water as an Alternative to Liquid Organic Fertiliser (LOF) in Margamulya Village, Semangga District, Merauke Regency

Evaluation of Various Concentrations of Rumen Waste in making Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Slaughterhouses are known as places to produce meat for human consumption. On the other hand, slaughterhouses produce livestock waste, one of which is rumen. The rumen's high nutrient and microbial content provide an excellent opportunity for its use as liquid organic fertilizer for plant growth and development. However, evaluation of rumen addition concentration during the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer is still scarce and needs to be carried out. Therefore, this research aims to obtain a suitable rumen addition formulation for making liquid organic fertilizer. Rumen waste was varied in 4 concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Supporting ingredients, such as laos, ginger, turmeric, galangal, and rice washing water, are mixed with the rumen, which is then incubated for 15 days to obtain liquid organic fertilizer. Analysis of total nitrogen content, C/N ratio, total phosphate, total potassium, total microbes, and physical characteristics was carried out to evaluate the quality of liquid organic fertilizer. The results showed that the addition of 80% rumen was able to play a role in producing liquid organic fertilizer with high total nitrogen (2.35%), low C/N ratio (6.05), high total phosphate (1.19%), and high total potassium (1.75%). Furthermore, liquid organic fertilizer made with the addition of 80% rumen contains high total microbes (5.5 x 1010 CFU/mL), is bright brown, yellowish in color, and has an earthy aroma. This research indicates that adding 80% rumen can produce good quality liquid organic fertilizer. This information can be the basis for further research regarding the rumen potency as an ingredient of organic fertilizer.

Efektivitas Bahan Penyiraman dan Macam Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Microgreens Tanaman Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)

Microgreens are mini vegetable plants with high nutrition that are managed in a controlled growing environment. Management of microgreens requires sufficient water, nutrients, sunlight, planting media and air. The research aims to obtain the nutrient watering materials and media types for sunflower microgreens' growth. This research was carried out in Sumbang Bojonegoro village in October-December 2021. This research was prepared in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely 2 levels of nutrient watering material, water (P1) and rice-washing water (P2), while 3 levels of planting media: husk charcoal (M1), sand (M2) and cocopeat (M3). The parameters observed were the percentage of germination, germination rate, number of normal and abnormal sprouts, sprout length, cotyledon width, sprout moisture content, sprout wet weight, and sprout dry weight. The observation data was analyzed used analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a further Least Significant Difference (LSD) test is carried out at a test level of 5%. Phytochemical tests for microgreens include chlorophyll, vitamin C and protein levels. The results showed that applying water and rice-washing water were not significantly different in terms of % germination and germination rate, while cocopeat media was more effective in terms of % germination, number of normal sprouts, % water content, wet weight of microgreens, length of sprouts and width of cotyledons. Highest phytochemical content % chlorophyll 23.60 mg/L (water+sand media); % Vitamin C content 59.40 mg/100g (water + husk charcoal media) and % protein content 3.47% (rice-washing water + sand media). Keywords: Planting media, rice-washing water, microgreens, phytochemical, watering

Optimization of Growth and Production of Brown Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus cystidiosus) through Additional Nutrients of Rice Washing Water and Rice Groats

This study aims to determine the optimization of growth and production of brown oyster mushroom (P. cystidionsus) plants with additional nutrients of rice washing water and to determine the optimization of growth and production of chocolate oyster mushroom (P. cystidionsus) plants through additional nutrients of rice groats. This study used a factorial Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method consisting of two factors, namely, the first factor is rice washing water / leri water (L) and the second factor is rice groats (G). Each treatment is repeated 3 times. Leri water factor consists of 4 levels, namely: A0=0 ml, A1= 30 ml, A2= 50 ml, A3=70 ml. Rice groats factor consists of 4 levels, namely: M0=0 g, M1=60 g, M2= 80 g, M3= 100 g. Data was analyzed using variance analysis (Anova) at 5%. The results showed no effect of rice washing water and rice groats on the growth rate of brown oyster mushroom mycelim, will be at a rice washing water concentration of 70ml / baglog + rice groats 100g / baglog affects the parameters of mushroom stalk height (cm), mushroom hood diameter (cm), mushroom hood thickness (cm), number of mushrooms (clump), and fresh weight of mushrooms / baglog (g).

Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Rice Washing Water Waste

Rice washing water is still considered as household waste because its benefits for plants are not widely known. Rice washing water is obtained from water that is washed many times before cooking which is rich in carbohydrate content in the form of starch and glucose and vitamins. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) require sugar or carbohydrates from rice washing water which is used as food to support metabolic activity and microbial cell proliferation. LAB is also included in a large group of microorganisms that physiologically produce lactic acid as the main metabolic product. LAB are classified as good bacteria so they are widely used as food processing products, especially those related to human digestion. The use of lactic acid bacteria in the agricultural sector is still very minimal, especially as a biodecomposer, even though LAB has the ability to produce cellulase enzymes which are very important in the breakdown of lignin in organic matter. This study aims to determine the presence of lactic acid bacteria in rice washing water fermentation. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria using pour plate method with MRSA (de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar) media. Lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained were then characterized morphologically, physically, and biochemically. The results of isolation and characterization obtained four isolates with the codes AL-01, AL-02, AL-03, and AL-04. Four LAB isolates showed gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-motile, non-H2S, and IAA-positive results.

Pengaruh Pemberian Mol Rebusan Kedelai dan Air Cucian Beras terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

This research aims to determine the effect of mole treatment of boiled soybeans and rice washing water on the growth and yield of tomato gardens. This research was carried out in Sukorambi Village, Sukorambi District, Jember, East Java. starting October 2022 to January 2023. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the Mole Boiled Soybean (M) treatment which consists of 4 levels, namely (control) M1 = 20 m1/1, M2 = 20 m1/1, M3 = 60 m1/1, M4 = 80 m1/1, and the second factor is Rice Washing Water (B) which consists of 4 levels, namely (control) B0 = 0 ml/1, B1 = 100 ml/1, B2 = 200 ml/1, B3 = 300 ml/1. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit per plant, number of branches, initial appearance of flowers, fruit diameter, fruit weight. The collected data was analyzed using variance (Anova), if significantly different, continued with the Duncan test at the 5% level using Microsoft Excel. The results of the research showed that the treatment of mole boiled soybeans and rice washing water for each observation parameter showed results that were not significantly different.

Application of Rice Washing Water and Organic NPK To Increase Caisim Mustard Plant (Brassica juncea L) Growth and Production

The demand for vegetables in Riau Province remains high, but the current production is insufficient. As a result, vegetables are sourced from other regions, such as West Sumatra and North Sumatra. To address this issue, there is a need to increase vegetable production. The study aimed to investigate the impact of concentrated rice washing water and organic NPK application on the growth and production of caisim mustard greens (Brassica juncea L). The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors. The first factor was rice washing water, which had four treatment levels: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The second factor was organic NPK, which had four treatment levels: no organic NPK, 1.5 g/plant, 3.0 g/plant, and 4.5 g/plant. The parameters observed included the number of leaves, wet weight, economic weight, dry weight, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. The study's results indicated that the interaction between rice washing water and organic NPK significantly affected all observed parameters. The best treatment was applying 75% rice washing water and 4.5 g organic NPK per plant. The main effect of rice washing water application was also significant on all observed parameters, with the best treatment being 75% rice washing water. Similarly, the main impact of organic NPK was significant on all observed parameters, with the best treatment being 4.5 g per plant.

Utilizing Organic Compounds and Planting Medium to Enhance the Growth Rate of Vanda tricolor

This study aims to investigate the reciprocal impact of Vitamin B1 and rice washing water usage, as well as the utilization of lumber + coconut husk + moss medium, to identify the most effective medium for expediting the growth of Vanda tricolor seedlings after acclimatization, as well as determining the optimal application method for Vitamin B1 or rice washing water to enhance their growth. This study is a field experiment that uses a complete factorial randomized block design, comprising 2 elements. The primary determinant is the medium composition, consisting of either lumber or a combination of lumber, coconut husk, and moss. The secondary component is the nutrient source, which can be water, vitamin B1, or rice- washing water. The research findings indicate that the growth of Vanda tricolor after acclimatization is influenced by both the kind of medium and nutritional source, specifically to disease attack parameters. Lumber is the preferred medium for promoting the growth of Vanda tricolor after it has adapted to the conditions on the slopes of Mount Merapi. Vitamin B1 is the suggested nutritional supply to enhance the growth of Vanda tricolor after it has adapted to the conditions on the slopes of Mount Merapi.

The Effect Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Lof) From Rice Washing Water and Coconut Water Using Em4 On The Growth Of Chorella sp. At Laboratory Scale

Chlorella sp. has significantly higher nutritional content compared to artificial feed. To obtain Chlorella sp. as a natural feed, it was necessary to cultivate pure phytoplankton to meet the availability of crude feed in sufficient quantities. In conducting the cultivation, there was a need for liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) that could be easily obtained and was available in nature, which was liquid organic fertilizer made from a mixture of rice washing water and coconut water fermented using EM4. This research aimed to determine the density of Chlorella sp. using liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water, and coconut water fermented using EM4 and the effect of the best fertilizer dosage on the growth of Chlorella sp. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with four replications. The highest average cell density of Chlorella sp. throughout the research was obtained in treatment C (15 ml dosage), followed by treatment B (10 ml dosage), treatment D (20 ml dosage), and the lowest in treatment A (control). The application of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water and coconut water significantly affected the density of Chlorella sp. (p <0.05). The highest density was recorded on day 6 in treatment C with a dosage of rice washing water and coconut water of 15 ml, with a population density of 12,466.25 x 104 cells/ml.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) and Rice Washing Water as Liquid Fertilizer on Ipomea reptanas L. Poir Plant Height

The Ipomea reptans L. Poir plant is a horticultural plant that contains high nutrition and is very popular among the public. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a sodium salt which is very important in the vegetative and generative growth of plants. Rice washing water is one of the domestic wastes that is rarely used and has very good properties for plant growth as an organic liquid fertilizer. This research was prepared based on a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with treatment of MSG concentration combined with rice washing water, namely treatment I (MSG 5 grams + 200 mL rice washing water) and treatment II (MSG 5 grams + 200 mL rice washing water) were carried out repetition 3 times. The parameters observed in this research were the height growth of Ipomea reptans L.Poir plants. Giving MSG combined with rice washing water is the best way to increase the height growth of Ipomea reptanas plants, namely MSG 7.5 grams + 200 mL Rice Washing Water which can be seen with a plant height of 33 cm (6 weeks).
 
 Key Words: MSG, Rice Washing Water, Plant Height, Ipomea reptanas L. Poir

Propagation and shelf-life of weed pathogenic fungi in alternative media and their effectiveness in billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L)

Control of billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L) currently uses herbicides, on the other hand, control using pathogenic fungi is environmentally friendly, but for mass propagation and storage, alternative media are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the best type of alternative media for fungal growth and shelf life, as well as its effectiveness against billygoat. The treatment tested involves a combination of two factors: the type of pathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata or Fusarium oxysporum) and the type of medium (rice washing water or tofu liquid waste). A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro test, while in planta test used a randomized block design with each experimental unit repeated five times. The observed variables were conidia density, number of colonies, incubation period, disease symptoms, disease intensity, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), as well as weed height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot, and root weights. The results showed that the conidia density of F. oxysporum was 57% better in rice washing water than in tofu wastewater. The best shelf life for the fungus was four weeks. The use of rice washing water for F. oxysporum and C. lunata effectively delayed the incubation period by 77 and 71% respectively, suppressed disease intensity by 90 and 88%, and AUDPC by 94 and 93% compared to the control. The F. oxysporum grown on rice washing water media was able to reduce the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of billygoat by 25, 30, and 20% compared to the control, respectively.

Propagation and shelf-life of weed pathogenic fungi in alternative media and their effectiveness in billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L)

Control of billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L) currently uses herbicides, on the other hand, control using pathogenic fungi is environmentally friendly, but for mass propagation and storage, alternative media are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the best type of alternative media for fungal growth and shelf life, as well as its effectiveness against billygoat. The treatment tested involves a combination of two factors: the type of pathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata or Fusarium oxysporum) and the type of medium (rice washing water or tofu liquid waste). A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro test, while in planta test used a randomized block design with each experimental unit repeated five times. The observed variables were conidia density, number of colonies, incubation period, disease symptoms, disease intensity, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), as well as weed height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot, and root weights. The results showed that the conidia density of F. oxysporum was 57% better in rice washing water than in tofu wastewater. The best shelf life for the fungus was four weeks. The use of rice washing water for F. oxysporum and C. lunata effectively delayed the incubation period by 77 and 71% respectively, suppressed disease intensity by 90 and 88%, and AUDPC by 94 and 93% compared to the control. The F. oxysporum grown on rice washing water media was able to reduce the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of billygoat by 25, 30, and 20% compared to the control, respectively.

Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) di Pondok Pesantren Al-Azhaar Tulungagung dari Limbah Air Cucian Beras

Rice washing water is one of the household wastes that has the potential to be utilized. Research shows that rice washing water can be useful as a Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) which can be used as a plant fertilizer and soil fertilizer. Nutrients from rice washing water are processed into POC in the form of N, P, and K and other microelements obtained from the results of fermentation carried out for some time. POC from rice washing water waste also provides real benefits to plant growth, increases fruit weight and number of leaves. The purpose of conducting socialization and training on making POC from rice washing water waste at the Al Batul Tulungagung cottage is for female students to be able to process rice washing water waste which was initially useless so that it can be utilized into a more useful product in the form of liquid organic fertilizer.

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Rice Washing Water as a Growth Regulator on the Quality of Cuttings of Jasmine Plants

Jasmine plant is a flowering plant that has many benefits. One of them is the basic ingredient of essential oils. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking ZPT in rice washing water and the dosage of rice washing water on the quality of jasmine cuttings. This study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with six concentrations of rice washing water, namely: P1 (ZPT Root Up 5%), P2 (Rice Washing Water 50%), P3 (Fermentation Rice Washing Water 40%), P4 (45% Rice Wash Water Fermentation), P5 (50% Rice Wash Water Fermentation), P6 (55% Rice Wash Water Fermentation), with 4 replicates obtained 24 experimental units. The parameters observed were the time of emergence of shoots, the percentage of the number of shoots, shoot length, number of roots and root length. The results obtained showed that the best concentration of immersion using rice washing water on the quality of jasmine cuttings was the fermentation treatment of rice washing water 40% and 45%.

Optimizing Growth and Yield of Purple Eggplants using Rice Washing Water as Organic Fertilizer

This study aimed to investigate the impact of rice washing water on the growth and yield of purple eggplants, and to determine the optimal dosage of rice washing water for achieving the highest growth and yield. The research was conducted at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo's Land in Graha Pesona Modong Housing, Tulangan, Sidoarjo, using a field experiment with Randomized Group Design (RAK) pattern. The experiment consisted of one factor with seven treatment levels, replicated three times, ranging from 100 ml/liter to 400 ml/liter of water. Observations included plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits, root length, and fruit weight. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and BNJ for significant differences. The results revealed that liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water had no effect on plant height and number of fruits, but significantly influenced the number of leaves, fruit weight, and root length. The optimal dosage for the highest fruit weight was 300 ml, while the highest root length was achieved at a dosage of 200 ml.
 Highlights:
 
 Investigated the impact of rice washing water as an organic fertilizer on purple eggplant growth and yield.
 Utilized a Randomized Group Design with varying dosages of rice washing water to determine the optimal application.
 Found that the combination of rice washing water significantly affected the number of leaves, fruit weight, and root length, providing valuable insights for sustainable agriculture practices.