Enhanced melanin production in Inonotus hispidus by the use of agricultural straw.

Dissolved organic matter induces selenium and cadmium immobilization in natural selenium-cadmium-rich paddy soils.

PLA/starch bi-layer films reinforced with modified CNFs, lignin nanoparticles, and grapefruit extract showed improved strength, barrier, and UV-blocking properties, effectively extending grape shelf life and promoting sustainable food packaging.

MnSO₄-synergized oyster shell powder outperforms rice straw in mediating dual abiotic and microbial pathways for paddy cd remediation

Soil redox status and dissolved organic matter control the biogeochemical transformations of arsenic in paddy soils.

RSF-enhanced MICP for the remediation of ion-type rare earth tailings: A study on mechanical properties, leaching characteristics, and microscopic mechanisms.

Optimized Laccase production from the white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor.

Enhanced high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw by intermittent ball milling

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of rice straw and polystyrene for selective production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Analyze the mechanical properties of rice straw fiber mixed with polymer composite: A review

Radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto TiO2-Densified cellulose derived from rice straw for Uranium(VI) ion adsorption

Green manure and rice straw recycling: A triple-win for productivity, environmental sustainability and net ecosystem economic benefit.

Considering the current suboptimal calibration of critical contact parameters in the discrete element model (DEM) for rice straw, which consequently limits the applicability of DEM in the design of rice straw processing machinery, this study developed a DEM of rice straw using EDEM software to accurately calibrate the contact parameters. The physical dimensions and the repose angle of rice straw, as well as the friction coefficients between rice straw-rice straw and rice straw-steel plate were determined through physical experiments. Image processing combined with the least squares method was employed to obtain the angle of repose of rice straw. The Plackett-Burman experimental design was selected to screen the contact parameters that significantly influence the repose angle. The results indicated that the coefficient of restitution between rice straw particles, the static friction coefficient between rice straw particles, and the rolling friction coefficient between rice straw particles have a significant effect on the angle of repose of the granular pile. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to establish a second-order response surface model between the contact parameters and the angle of repose. The optimal combination of contact parameters was obtained by performing target optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). A validation experiment for the repose angle was conducted, and the results indicated a relative error of 2.13% between the simulated angle of repose and the physical angle of repose. The result demonstrates that the calibrated parameters can be used for simulating the contact behavior of rice straw and can provide theoretical and data support for the discrete element simulation of the rice straw processing process.

Andisols are characterized by high phosphorus (P) retention, which often limits P availability for crops. This study aimed to analyze the independent and interactive effects of P fertilizer and organic matter (i.e. manure and rice straw compost) on P retention, total P, available P, P uptake, soil pH, and cabbage yield. This research was conducted in pot experiments in plastic house, applying P fertilizer (0, 90, 180, 270 kg ha-1) and organic matter (20 kg ha-1 of chicken, sheep, cow manures and rice straw compost) on Andisols planted with cabbage. The experiment used a factorial randomized design. The results showed no significant interaction between P fertilizer and organic matter for all measured parameters. However, individual applications of organic matter, particularly manure, significantly improved P uptake, soil pH0, and cabbage yield, demonstrating its superior effectiveness compared to rice straw compost. Overall, manure application consistently outperformed rice straw compost in enhancing crop growth and P uptake. These findings underscore the importance of proper nutrient management strategies in Andisols to improve P availability and sustain optimal crop productivity

This study investigated the impact of urbanization on use of soil amendment by rice farmers in three villages along a rural–urban continuum in Northeast Thailand. It shows how urbanization influences their use of types and quantities of soil amendments. Data were collected by interviewing 150 farmers, focusing on types, quantities, sources, costs, and perceived effects of nine different amendments, including rice straw, chemical fertilizers, manures, and green manure. Results revealed significant declines in organic amendment use as villages become more urbanized, with rural farmers employing more diverse and greater quantities of organic amendments while periurban and urban farmers predominantly rely on chemical fertilizers. Quantitative analysis shows that livestock manure use diminishes sharply from over 80% of farmers in rural villages to around 30% in more urbanized communities, reflecting reduced livestock numbers. Discriminant analysis compared the three villages in terms of three dependent variables. (area of paddy fields, quantities of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments applied) showed clearly that all the group means were significantly different. Analysis of quantities of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments applied by individual farmers in all three villages revealed that farmers applying higher amounts of organic matter tended to use less chemical fertilizer. Constraints, including limited supplies, high costs, and labor shortages, inhibited organic amendment application among urbanized farmers. These shifts pose a serious threat to long-term soil quality. The findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to promote sustainable organic soil management practices in urbanizing communities to improve soil health and food security.

The prevalent use of combine harvester challenges rice farmers to efficiently manage rice straw. There is also an extremely low adoption of sustainable rice straw management by rice farmers. Hence, estimation of the total straw biomass and determination of rice straw management practices are necessary. The main objective of this study was to assess the availability of rice straw and postharvest management options of rice farmers. Case study was employed. Data gathered from household surveys and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Analysis revealed that the mean straw biomass ha-1 is 5,219.73 kg. Moreover, type of soil and planting method influenced the generation of higher quantities of rice straw. In addition, sex, household size, rice production training, farm organization, land ownership, machine ownership, road structure, and type of soil showed significant relationship to the postharvest management practices of rice farmers. Lastly, rice farmers predominantly practiced in-situ straw incorporation but only few practiced crop rotation, rice ratooning, straw mushroom production, and surface retention. It has been demonstrated that there is a massive contribution of rice straw biomass in Isabela. This provided data for authorities to carry out plans and initiatives, and for rice farmers to employ appropriate management to optimize the potentials of rice straw for circular economy. The findings suggest that political will, partnership and collaboration, provision of physical infrastructures, and active participation of rice farmers are the key factors to the efficient rice straw management. Through this, rice farmers can strengthen their technical efficiency and can cultivate environmental efficiency.

ABSTRACT Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) straw and roots are the primary sources of soil organic carbon (SOC) of paddies; however, variations in the quantity and quality of these residues under climate change remains unclear. This study investigated the changes in the rice residue biomass and the carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (C/N) under elevated [CO 2 ] (e[CO 2 ]) and air temperature (e T air ) for 2 years with naturally varying weather conditions. Rice was cultivated under different [CO 2 ]– T air for 2019–2020, with longer sunshine hours and solar radiation ( R solar ) during rice growing period in 2019 (675 h and 2079 MJ m −2 , respectively) than in 2020 (589 h and 1929 MJ m −2 , respectively). Rice biomass (grains, straw and roots), C gain and N uptake were measured, and C/N was determined. Compared to the ambient conditions, e[CO 2 ]–e T air consistently increased straw and roots biomass for both years by 38.7% and 137.2% in 2019 and by 46.0% and 76.2% in 2020, respectively. However, under e[CO 2 ]–e T air , C/N increased in 2019 (by 14.5%–31.6%), but decreased in 2020 (by 10.0%–12.2%) compared to ambient conditions. Comparing both years, straw and roots biomass were lower in 2020 than in 2019 by 19%–31% and by 31%–58%, respectively, with decreased C/N in 2020 by up to 32%. These results indicate that e[CO 2 ]–e T air coupled with lower R solar produces lower‐quantity rice residues with high quality (i.e., a lower C/N) compared to those with higher R solar , thus potentially reducing SOC accrual compared to higher R solar conditions.

This experiment evaluated the application effects of the dietary substitution of maize silage with mixed silage prepared with Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw on fattening lambs. Forty-eight male Hu lambs with similar body weights and ages were randomly divided into four groups. The maize silage in the diet was replaced with Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw mixed silage in proportions of 0 (CON), 25% (PR1), 50% (PR2) and 75% (PR3). The average daily gain of the PR3 group was lower (p < 0.05) than that of the other groups. The highest substitution level increased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration and acetate-to-propionate ratio in lambs compared with the CON and PR1 groups. Moreover, dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility in PR3 lambs were lower (p < 0.05) than in PR1 lambs. Compared with the CON group, the concentrations of serum catalase and total antioxidant capacity were increased (p < 0.05) in the PR2 and PR3 groups. Overall, the dietary substitution of maize silage with Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw mixed silage at a 50% level did not show a negative influence on growth performance of fattening lambs but displayed positive effects on their fiber digestibility and antioxidative capacity.

Co-incorporating rice straw and Chinese milk vetch (CMV) residues can enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and productivity. However, limited information exists regarding its effects on SOC and nitrogen (N) pools as well as the sustainability of rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of co-incorporating rice and CMV residues into paddy soils with chemical-N reduction on SOC and total N (TN) sequestration, SOC and N fractions, grain yields and the sustainable yield index (SYI) in Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province. The treatments included winter fallow–rice rotation without or with both rice straw incorporation and fertilization, as the control (CK and WF-IF, respectively), and rice-CMV rotation with the co-incorporation of rice and CMV residues under 100%, 80%, and 70% recommended N fertilization (CMV-IF, CMV-MIF and CMV-LIF, respectively). Compared with the CK, the CMV-IF significantly increased the rice grain yield and the SYI by 82.1% and 90.4%, respectively. The SOC and TN stocks under CMV-IF were significantly enhanced by 6.3% and 26.4%, respectively, relative to the CK. The CMV-IF exhibited the highest soil active organic C (AOC) and active total N (ATN) contents, followed by CMV-MIF, CMV-LIF, WF-IF, and CK. Microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N were the primary components of soil AOC and ATN, respectively, and linked more explicitly to the SYI than other soil C and N parameters. Therefore, the co-incorporation of rice and CMV residues, coupled with 70~80% recommended N fertilization, might represent an environmentally friendly field management practice for rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.

Acidic agricultural soils are frequently challenged by co-occurring heavy metal contamination and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While biochar is widely used for integrated remediation, the specific role of silicon (Si) in modulating its effectiveness in cadmium (Cd) stabilization and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation remains insufficiently understood. This study evaluated the co-remediation efficacy of two types of high-Si (bamboo leaves, ML; rice straw, RS) and two types of low-Si (Camellia oleifera leaves, CL; Camellia oleifera shells, CS) biochar, produced at 450 °C, within a Cd-contaminated and nitrogen-fertilized acidic soil. Results from a 90-day incubation showed that while all biochar effectively immobilized Cd, the low-Si CL biochar exhibited a superior stabilization efficiency of 66.2%. This enhanced performance was attributed to its higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and moderate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, which facilitated robust Cd2+ sorption and complexation. In contrast, high-Si biochar was more effective in mitigating cumulative N2O emissions (up to 67.8%). This mitigation was strongly associated with an elevated abundance of the nosZ gene (up to 48.1%), which catalyzes the terminal step of denitrification. Soil pH and DOC were identified as pivotal drivers regulating both Cd bioavailability and N2O dynamics. Collectively, low-Si biochar is preferable for Cd stabilization in acidic soils, whereas high-Si biochar is more effective at elevating pH and reducing N2O emissions. These findings emphasize that optimizing co-remediation outcomes necessitates a targeted approach, selecting biochar based on the specific contamination profile and desired environmental benefits.