Rice Bran Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of rice bran on the production of different king oyster mushroom strains during bottle cultivation.

The effect of rice bran supplementation on the production of two king oyster mushroom strains was investigated in order to recommend the optimum and economic amount of rice bran for growing the mushroom to Pleurotus mushroom growers in Taiwan. The average yield, biological efficiency (B.E.) and production efficiency (P.E.) of the strain ATCC 36047 increased significantly with the supplementation of rice bran to substrate from 0 to 47.95% by weight of dry matter. The B.E. and P.E. of the strain Holland 150 reached the highest level when the rice bran was added up to 38.08%, but decreased significantly when the supplementation was up to 47.95%. These results show that different king oyster mushroom Strains response differently to the supplementation amount of rice bran and might indicate that the strain ATCC 36047 necessitate a great supply of some ingredients in rice bran to increase its B.E. and P.E. In consideration of the capacity of cropping room, productivity of cultivation spawn and mushroom production cost the most optimum and economic amout of rice bran in substrate would be about 48% and 38% for the strains ATCC 36047 and Holland 150 respectively..

Effects of enzyme supplementation and irradiation of rice bran on the performance of growing Leghorn and broiler chickens

Three experiments investigated the effects of different concentrations of a crude enzyme preparation (RM-1) and rice bran from two sources (China and Malaysia) on the performance of growing Leghorn and broiler chicks when added to a wheat or a corn soya-bean meal basal diet. In the first experiment rice bran from Malaysia was also irradiated. In this experiment enzyme supplementation of the wheat-basal diet containing 400 g kg −1 Malaysian rice bran improved ( P < 0.05) weight gains up to 9.6% and feed to gain ratio up to 5.4% while irradiation of rice bran at moderate (10 kGy) and high 50 (kGy) doses had no effect ( P > 0.05) on these parameters. Chinese rice bran in contrast to Malaysian rice bran did not respond to enzyme treatment ( P > 0.05). Similar improvements were obtained in the second experiment with RM-1 addition to the corn basal diet containing 250 and 500 g kg −1 Malaysian rice bran, but not when added to the corn diet without rice bran. In addition, rice bran did not have any deleterious effects ( P < 0.05) on growth and feed conversion efficiency of Leghorn chicks when incorporated into diets without enzyme supplementation. In contrast to the results with Leghorn chicks, the performance of broiler chicks was depressed ( P > 0.05) when 250 and 500 g kg −1 Malaysian rice bran was added to the diet. Chicks fed the diet containing 500 g kg −1 rice bran compared to those fed the control diet had decreased body weight gains (17%) and increased feed to gain ratios (11%), relative weights of the gastrointestinal tract (40%), and incidence of vent pasting (from 0 to 67%). Enzyme addition (10 mg kg −1) to the 500 g kg −1 rice bran diet improved ( P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio (4%), and reduced the size of the gastrointestinal tract (7%) and the incidence of vent pasting (from 67 to 33%). These studies indicate that high concentrations (400–500 g kg −1) of rice bran can be added to the diet of Leghorn chicks, at least over a relatively short period of time, without a deleterious effect on performance while as low as 250 g kg −1 rice bran in the diet can depress broiler chick performance. The crude enzyme when added to diets containing rice bran produced equivocal results in chicks as it improved performance with one rice bran but not the other.

Cut-and-carry feeding of indigenous grass in indonesian sheep production: effect of amount of grass offered and wilting on intake and yield of compost

West Java sheep are permanently housed and offered manually-harvested grass at 50-60 g dry matter [DM] per kg live weight [M] daily [d]. Flocks (ca. 5 head) are housed on slats, with excreta and feed refusals composted underneath.In a previous experiment (Tanner et al 1993) with 18-month old Javanese Thin-Tailed rams, intake of cut-and-carried, indigenous grass increased as the amount offered was increased (25, 50 or 75 g DM offered/kg M.d; intakes were 22.1, 31.7 and 34.9 g DM/kg M.d respectively). Output of compost also increased with increasing amount of grass offered. In another experiment (Tanner et al 1994) supplementing grass offered at 30 g DM/kg M.d with rice bran fed at 30 g/kg M0.75.d achieved the same intake of digestible organic matter as unsupplemented grass offered at 60 g DM/kg M.d and reduced feeding costs by 15%. However, output of compost was reduced by 41% by rice bran supplementation, resulting in an unacceptable reduction in compost monetary-value.

Cut-and-carry feeding of indigenous grass in indonesian sheep production: effect of amount of grass offered and wilting on intake and yield of compost

West Java sheep are permanently housed and offered manually-harvested grass at 50-60 g dry matter [DM] per kg live weight [M] daily [d]. Flocks (ca. 5 head) are housed on slats, with excreta and feed refusals composted underneath.In a previous experiment (Tanner et al 1993) with 18-month old Javanese Thin-Tailed rams, intake of cut-and-carried, indigenous grass increased as the amount offered was increased (25, 50 or 75 g DM offered/kg M.d; intakes were 22.1, 31.7 and 34.9 g DM/kg M.d respectively). Output of compost also increased with increasing amount of grass offered. In another experiment (Tanner et al 1994) supplementing grass offered at 30 g DM/kg M.d with rice bran fed at 30 g/kg M0.75.d achieved the same intake of digestible organic matter as unsupplemented grass offered at 60 g DM/kg M.d and reduced feeding costs by 15%. However, output of compost was reduced by 41% by rice bran supplementation, resulting in an unacceptable reduction in compost monetary-value.

Effect of phytase supplementation of diets containing rice bran on growth performance and bone characteristics in broiler chickens

Reduced growth rates and calcium retention have been reported in poultry fed diets containing more than 20% rice bran (Warren and Farrell, 1990,1991). Rice bran contains significant quantities of phytate (approx 57.7g/kg) which binds to bivalent elements and may contribute to the adverse effects on growth performance in birds fed diets containing rice bran. Enzymatic degradation of phytate in rice bran may reduce the antinutitional effect of phytate and improve the availability of phosphorus and other bivalent elements. A study was conducted to examine the effects of phytase supplementation of rice bran based diets on broiler growth performance and bone mineralisation.

Response of growing bulls to diets containing untreated or urea-treated rice straw with rice bran supplementation

Untreated or urea-treated (4% w/w) rice straw supplemented with five levels of rice bran (0–1·6 kg/day) was given to 74 growing cross-bred bulls. Urea treatment significantly ( P < 0·001) improved feed dry matter intake at all levels of rice bran supplementation. Feeding treated straw alone increased dry matter intakes up to 30%. This could be partly due to the significantly higher ( P < 0·01) organic matter digestibility of the treated straw (59 vs 53%). At all levels of supplementation, treated straw gave significantly higher ( P < 0·001) liveweight gains than untreated straw. Animal fed on treated straw alone gained 93 g/day, whereas those fed on untreated straw lost 123 g/day. Treating straw with urea economises on rice bran supplementation or results in higher liveweight gain for the same level of supplementation.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

Effect of Rice Bran and Leucaena Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Goats Fed with Urea Treated Rice Straw

An experiment was conducted for 90 days to determine the effect of energy level using different levels of RB on the UTRS as a basal diet supplemented with fixed level of Leucaena on growing goats. Experimental diets included four levels of rice bran: 0% rice bran (RB), 10% RB, 20% RB, and 30% RB in basal diets. A total of 20 growing female goats of 5 to 6 months age were randomly allocated into four different dietary groups. Findings showed that inclusion of 20% rice bran significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved in total DMI than the other levels. A 30% RB inclusion was not able to improve further the total DMI, which might be due to the negative effect of higher level of anti-nutritional factor in rice bran. In-situ degradation of D3 and D4 recorded the higher estimated solid outflow rate indicating on the improvement on digestion of feedstuffs. The 20 and 30% RB inclusion resulted to significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher OM digestibility of UTRS-based diet with Leucaena supplementation. ADG (41.1g), FCE (10.96) and benefit over feed cost Philippino Peso 238.2) was significantly higher in diet groups with 20% RB inclusion. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the supplementation of rice bran at 20% level is economic net income (US$ .040 /goat) in feeding goats with UTRS based diet and supplemented with 20% of Leucaena. Key words: goat; urea treated rice straw; rice bran; digestibility; growth performance DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3161Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 29-36