Rhaponticum carthamoides (Maral root) is an important medicinal plant species in Siberia and Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation time (three or five weeks) and immersion frequency (i.e., every 1.5 h, 3 h, or 6 h) on the growth of R. carthamoides shoots in a temporary immersion PlantForm bioreactor; it examines the effect of cultivation on the accumulation and productivity of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, shoot biomass and propagation. Both growth time and frequency of immersion affected the increase in biomass and phenolic compound production. The highest dry weight (9.35 g/L) was observed for shoots grown for five weeks and immersed every 1.5 h; optimal synthesis (4.5 mg/g DW) and productivity of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (16 mg per bioreactor) was noted following immersion every three hours. The main class of synthesized compounds was mono-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (3.3 mg/g DW; 11.85 mg/bioreactor) with chlorogenic acid predominating (2.9 mg/g DW; 10.4 mg/bioreactor), as determined by HPLC-PDA. The antioxidant activity of bioreactor-grown shoot extract was assessed in vitro using three cell-free assay systems: hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction, and superoxide anion (O2•−) scavenging. Our findings indicate that the PlantForm bioreactor can be successfully used to grow R. carthamoides shoots and produce valuable caffeoylquinic acid derivatives.

The aim of the research was to study the content of 20-hydroxyecdysone in phyto-additive from Leucea safflower and its effect on metabolic processes in young laying hens of the Lohmann Brown Light cross. The concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone in phyto-supplement under study was 0.40±0.05 % on absolutely dry matter. Phyto-additive from the green mass of Leucea safflower was included into the compound feed from the 2 nd to the 23 rd week of growing young laying hens: at a rate of 3,0 % in the first experimental group and 6,0 % in the second group, based on the dry matter content of the feed. The duration of feeding was 154 days. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the young laying hens of the first and second experimental groups had higher digestibility coefficients compared to the analogues of the control group: of dry matter by 3.20 and 7.21 % (p<0.01), of organic matter by 2.90 % (p<0.05) and 5.70 % (p<0.01), of crude protein – by 5.68 and 7.47 % (p<0.05), of crude fat – by 4.60 and 6.07 % (p<0.05), of crude fiber – by 4.94 and 8.14 % (p<0.05), and of nitrogen-free extractive substances – by 1.36 and 2.31 %, respectively. The coefficients of nitrogen assimilation in poultry of the experimental groups were higher by 1.89 р. р. (p<0.01) and 4.58 р. р. (p<0.001), respectively. In the young laying hens of the first and second experimental groups, the coefficients of calcium and phosphorus utilization were higher, compared with the poultry of the control group, by 1.42 р. р. (p<0.05) and by 3.57 р. р., 1.44 р. р. and 3.50 р. р., respectively. The level of total protein in the blood of young laying hens of the first and second experimental groups was at the upper limit of normal and was higher by 9.13 % (p<0.05) and 12.22 % (p<0.01), respectively, compared with the control. The live weight of young chickens in the first and second experimental groups at the end of the experiment, was 101.02 % and 105.52 %, respectively, relative to the control. In order to improve the metabolic processes in the body of the poultry, it is more appropriate to include a feed phyto-additive from Leucea safflower in the amount of 6.0 % (in% to the weight of the dry matter of the feed) in the structure of compound feeds for young laying hens.

Unlocking longevity through the use of plant adaptogens: lifespan extension by Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) extract in Caenorhabditis elegans

Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. (Leuzea carthamoides, Maral root), a medicinally valuable species listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan, is known for its rich phytochemical profile. However, limited data exist on its microclonal propagation. This study aimed to optimize in vitro and medium-term storage conditions using biotechnological methods. Mature seeds collected from natural populations in the Kazakhstani Altai were germinated, and tissues from the seedlings were used as explants. Sterile shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L−1 −6-benzylaminopurine and 3.0 mg L−1 kinetin. For shoot induction, MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 meta-Topolin and using stem apices as explants yielded optimal results. Medium-term storage with chlorocholine chloride at 0.1–0.4 g/L effectively preserved regenerative capacity for further rooting. After 12 months of storage, plantlets were transferred to half-strength MS medium with 3.0 g/L activated carbon and at 2.0 or 5.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid for rooting. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized ex vitro. The 20-hydroxyecdysone content in field-grown plants post-storage reached 9.24 mg/mL, 2.4-fold higher than in wild plants. Inter simple sequence repeat analysis confirmed genetic stability. Our optimized protocol ensures high-yield metabolite production and genetic fidelity, enabling in vitro conservation, nursery-scale cultivation, and the restoration of R. carthamoides natural populations.

Isolation of Secondary Metabolites of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin and Assessment of Their Antiplatelet Activity

Plants have played a key role in natural therapies for centuries, and their impact on the nervous system and the treatment of neurological disorders is of growing interest to scientists. Modern research confirms that plant substances can modulate neurotransmitters, reduce oxidative stress and support cognitive functions. Like humans, dogs also respond to plant compounds, which opens up new perspectives in veterinary medicine. The most well-known adaptogen is ginseng, and others include Siberian ginseng, Chinese magnolia vine, maral root, and golden root. These plants support the regulation of cortisol levels, neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Although research on adaptogens in humans is advanced, there is still a lack of data on their effects on dogs. Further research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness and safety in animal therapy.

One of the key problems of poultry production is the fight against stresses of various etiologies, united by a single biological mechanism – accumulation of free radicals and oxidative stress. It has been established that vitagens play a significant role in the fight against oxidative stress, the transcriptional activity of which is increased under the influence of various nutritional factors, including phytobiotics. Based on this, the aim of the research was to analyze the expression of genes related to antioxidant defence (AOD) in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) when different phytobiotics are used in the diet and to compare the results obtained with the analysis of biochemical parameters of AOD in blood serum. A zootechnical experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Smena 9, in which the control group was fed the main diet and four experimental groups were fed the mixed feed with plant extracts of common chicory (Cichorium intubus L.), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), safflower (Rhaponticum carthamoides L.) and thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.). At 22 days of age, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, and at 26 days of age, liver samples were taken to assess the relative expression of SOD1 and PRDX6 genes by the 2-ΔΔCT method, for which RNA isolation, reverse transcription and PCR-RT with the ‘housekeeping’ reference gene ACTB were performed. The results showed a 4.47-fold increase in SOD1 expression when chicory extract was used and 3.53-fold increase when St. John’s wort extract was used. At the same time, St. John’s wort flavonoids showed the most visible vitagen-stimulating effect, which was confirmed by the low variability of SOD1 expression and a decreased values of blood AOD indicators, indicating the possibility of limiting the use of other physiological mechanisms of free radical control by the organism. The results of the research will serve as a nutrigenomic justification for the development of the composition of a new phytocombination.

Abstract R haponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin, widely known as maral root, is an adaptogenic herb that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Several different classes of compounds were identified in R. carthamoides, including phytosteroids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Nowadays, R. carthamoides is available on the market in many forms, such as dried root, milled plant, capsules, and tinctures. This study presents the development and optimisation of four HPLC–MS/MS methods for the determination of 37 selected bioactive compounds in both plant and dietary supplements. Due to insufficient ionisation at the ion source, stigmasterol and ß-sitosterol required derivatization, which was developed and optimised using 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate. The dried plant samples were extracted with 60% ethanol or tert-butyl methyl ether. The results showed that chlorogenic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysone were the most abundant. To reduce the dimensionality of the obtained data, factor analysis was applied. Based on the distribution of selected compounds, four clusters were observed: tinctures, seeds, root, and shoot systems of the herb. Using the developed methods, selected bioactive compounds in the herb and dietary supplements were successfully quantified, and their distribution in different organs of R. carthamoides was clarified.

The aim of research is to study the morphophysiological parameters of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) larvae grown on feed with the addition of safflower Leuzea for the prospective use of the larvae as feed for productive farm animals. G. mellonella larvae were fed dried bees with the addition of safflowerLeuzea (Rhaponticum carthamoides) in the ratio of 90 : 10; 80 : 20; 50 : 50 as a source of vitamins and ecdysterones. The medicinal plant was ground in a multi-stage centrifugal impact mill to different sizes – less than 140 µm; 40–250; 250–315; 315–500 µm. To assess the effect of Leuzea on the vital activity of larvae, the following criteria were used: weight, length, width of the head capsule (age), and survival. A biochemical analysis of the larvae was conducted (nitrogen content was assessed using the titrimetric method of determining nitrogen according to Kjeldahl, crude fat – according to Soxhlet, crude ash was determined by calcination and weighing the resulting residue. The average biomass of larvae in the group with the addition of Leuzea at the end of the experiment was significantly higher than the control values. High morphometric indices were noted in the group with a granulometric size of Leuzea particles less than 140 μm and a feed and medicinal herb ratio of 50 : 50. The average weight of larvae in this group was 0.17 g (P ≤ 0.05), length – 2.24 cm, head capsule – 1.93 mm (P ≤ 0.05), survival – 83.33 %. Biochemical analysis of the larvae of the experimental group showed that the content of crude protein and crude fat of the larvae was higher than the control values by 42.4 and 25.2 %, respectively. This fact can be explained by obtaining a greater amount of mineral components and ecdysteroids from the medicinal herb for intensive growth of the insect.

The objective of the present study was to assess the patterns of trace element and mineral accumulation in 21 medicinal plants collected in the Altai Mountains foothills. The levels of trace elements and minerals in Hippophae rhamnoides, Aronia melanocarpa, Sorbus aucuparia, Viburnum opulus, Rosa canina, Crataegus sanguinea (fruits), Chamaenerion angustifolium, Echinacea purpurea, Fagopyrum esculentum, Trifolium pratense, Origanum vulgare, Achillea millefolium, Mentha piperita (herbs), Plantago major, Salvia officinalis, Urtica dioica (leaves), Panax ginseng, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Eleuterococcus senticosus, and Taraxacum officinale (roots), and Matricaria recutita flowers were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Comparative analysis revealed that R. carthamoides roots accumulated the highest level of toxic trace elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Pb). C. angustifolium herbs and V. opulus fruits are characterized by the highest As and Sn levels, respectively. The highest content of essential trace elements and minerals was observed in H. rhamnoides fruits (Zn), V. opulus fruits (Cu), E. purpurea herbs (I, Mg), R. carthamoides roots (Fe), O. vulgare herbs (Mn), and M. recutita herbs (Se). In turn, R. canina fruits are characterized by the lowest levels of certain essential and toxic trace elements. Significant differences in B, Cr, Li, Si, and Sr content were also revealed. Discriminant analysis revealed complete discrimination of certain medicinal plants based on their trace element and mineral content. The obtained data indicate the potential usefulness of medicinal plants as sources of certain essential trace elements and minerals, as well as provides data for risk assessment of toxic trace element intake following administration of medicinal plants.

As human life expectancy continues to rise, managing age-related diseases and preserving health in later years remain significant challenges. Consequently, there is a growing demand for strategies that enhance both the quality and the duration of life. Interventions that promote longevity, particularly those derived from natural sources, are popular for their potential to address age-related health concerns. Adaptogens-herbs, roots, and mushrooms-are valued in food science and nutrition for their ability to enhance resilience and overall well-being. Among these, Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin, known as maral root (Russian leuzea), holds a prominent place in Siberian traditional medicine. The root extract, abundant in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phytoecdysteroids, is reputed for reducing fatigue, boosting strength, and offering immunomodulatory benefits. However, the effects of the plant extract on lifespan and age-related decline remains poorly studied. This study investigates the effect of maral root extract and phytoecdysteroids-ecdysterone, ponasterone, and turkesterone-on aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. A sensitive liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection was developed and validated to quantify the phytoecdysteroids in the extract. Behavioural and stress-response assays revealed that maral root not only extends lifespan but also significantly enhanced healthspan, stress resilience, and fitness in the nematodes. Additionally, treatment with ecdysterone, the most abundant compound in the root extract, improved healthspan by enhancing stress response. These findings underscore the potential of maral root as a natural adaptogen to mitigate age-related decline, providing valuable insights into natural longevity interventions.

Из корневищ с корнями рапонтикума сафлоровидного (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) выделены и идентифицированы 4 соединения — 20-гидроксиэкдизон и 3 представителя группы полиацетиленов (полиинов). Существенный антитромбоцитарный эффект, не связанный с воздействием на систему циклических нуклеотидов, обнаружен у одного из полиинов, что позволяет рассматривать его в качестве потенциального фармакологического вещества для профилактики тромбозов.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of immunity-related genes and morpho-histological features of the intestines, and the growth and meat production of broiler chickens when fed plant extracts with different functional components. Chickens in the control group received a basic diet. The feed in the experimental groups contained plant extracts standardized to various biologically active components such as the extract of common chicory with inulin (INUL), St. John's wort with flavonoids (FLAV), maral root with ecdysterone (ECDS), and extracts of creeping thyme with flavonoids and tannins (FLAV-TANN). The results of this study showed that the application of the studied phytobiotics increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL8, with the 2-ΔΔCT value ranging from 2.66 to 4.63. In the case of the antimicrobial peptide gene AvBD9, the 2-ΔΔCT value ranged from 1.66 to 8.16, depending on the group. AvBD10 gene expression increased (2-ΔΔCT = 2.19) when the chickens were fed the chicory extract and decreased when thyme extract was used (2-ΔΔCT = 0.33). The study also found that using biologically active components in the diets of broiler chickens was accompanied by a significant decrease in the height of epithelial cells in the cecum mucous membrane in the INUL group (61.3%, p ≤ 0.001), FLAV group (60.0%, p ≤ 0.001), ECDS group (48.2%, p ≤ 0.001), and FLAV + TANN group (67.6%, p ≤ 0.001). It also caused a reduction in the depth of crypts in the INUL (38.4%, p ≤ 0.001), FLAV (32.3%, p ≤ 0.001), ECDS (50.9%, p ≤ 0.001), and FLAV + TANN (53.4%, p ≤ 0.001) groups. The use of all extracts, except creeping thyme, caused changes in the size of muscular elements in the intestinal walls; thus, the thickness of the muscular layer increased 1.5-2.0 times under the influence of flavonoids in St. John's wort and of inulin in chicory, to 430.99 and 579.87 μm, respectively (p ≤ 0.001), and decreased 1.9 times under the influence of ecdysterone in maral root to 151.59 μm (p ≤ 0.001). The use of phytobiotics increased feed consumption and stock safety, leading to an increase of 4.1-7.5% in the live weights of broiler chickens at the end of the rearing period, thus contributing to the higher slaughter quality of poultry; in particular, the weights of breast muscles in cockerels in the INUL group increased by 16.9% (p ≤ 0.05), while the weights in the ECDS and FLAV + TANN groups increased by 18.1% (p ≤ 0.05) and 23.1% (p ≤ 0.01), respectively. Thus, the use of the studied phytobiotics in the broiler chicken diet increases meat production and activates immunity, which indicates the possibility of replacing antibacterial drugs with natural nutraceuticals.

Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. is an endemic plant species found in Siberia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Its roots and rhizomes are used to treat physical fatigue and weakness following illness. The present study examines the scaling up of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivative and flavonoid production in R. carthamoides transformed roots. The transformed roots were grown in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks of varying volumes (0.5-2 L), a temporary immersion system (TIS) (Rita® and PlantForm bioreactors), and a nutrient sprinkle bioreactor (NSB) in Woody Plant medium for 35 days. The highest dry biomass production was achieved in the 0.5 L and 1 L flasks and in the NSB bioreactor, yielding 22.2 to 20.4 g/L-approximately 14 to 23 times the weight of the inoculum. The accumulation of individual specialized metabolites varied depending on the culture system used. The peak amount of CQAs (544.5 mg/L), in terms of the increase in dry weight and metabolite levels, was obtained in the NSB bioreactor. The primary CQAs were chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and a tri-CQA 1. The highest concentration of 5-CQA (7.38 mg/g DW) was found in the roots cultivated in the NSB bioreactor. In contrast, the tri-CQA 1 dominated in the roots from 2 L shaken Erlenmeyer flasks (8.44 mg/g DW). Our findings demonstrate that transformed roots growing in an NSB bioreactor are an effective system for increasing CQA production, potentially serving as an alternative source. This biotechnological approach could help reduce the overexploitation of field-grown R. carthamoides, a currently threatened species.

In this work, we study the effect of Asparagus racemosus (EAR) and Ajuga turkestanica (EAT) dry extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg in comparison with a Rhaponticum carthamoides extract (ERC) on the effectiveness of an aerobic–anaerobic training regimen in female mice in a triple-weight loaded exhaustive swim test with a 10% load of body weight, as well as on the level of malondialdehyde and catalase activity in blood hemolysate, cardiac and skeletal striated muscle tissue, and liver homogenate. The results obtained indicate a reduced severity of lipid peroxidation under the influence of dry EAR and EAT extracts, thus pointing to the antioxidant activity of the extracts. In the conducted triple-weight loaded exhaustive swim test, a statistically significant increase in the duration of swimming No. 3 and the test index was noted in both groups compared to the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studied extracts have a positive effect on the first-phase recovery processes.

The study of medicinal plants and having a protected status is an urgent issue for the conservation of biodiversity in Kazakhstan. Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Ilijn is a medicinal plant, and its excessive harvesting and destruction of habitats, as well as its conservation status, are of concern. We conducted a study to assess the ecological characteristics of the habitat of the species in the Tarbagatai National Natural Park, calculate the amount of medicinal raw materials, calculate both aboveground and underground phytomass, and calculate biological and operational reserves. A map has been developed to show the distribution of the species and potential harvest sites. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to understand how population size affects productivity. The results highlight the need for continuous monitoring and protection of endangered species. The conservation of Rhaponticum carthamoides in the Tarbagatai State National Nature Park is currently ensured by its protected status. However, the study emphasizes the importance of developing a sustainable use regime to effectively manage plant resources and ensure their preservation for future generations.

Phytoecdysteroids (PEs) are naturally occurring steroid compounds, that have recently gained significant attention, due to their diverse biological activities and high therapeutic potential. The aim of the present study was to quantify some PEs including 20-hydroxyecdysterone (20-HE), ponasterone A (PA), and turkesterone (TU) in selected plant foods and Rhaponticum carthamoides extract. Furthermore, the effects of 20-HE, TU, and R. carthamoides extract, were investigated with in vitro methods using isolated smooth muscle tissues. The levels of 20-HE in the analyzed samples exhibited significant differences, with kaniwa seed extract containing the highest amount, followed by spinach leaf extract, quinoa seed extract, and asparagus stem extract. The in vitro analyses suggested that R. carthamoides extract exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on smooth muscle cells, with low doses promoting contraction and higher doses inducing relaxation. Additionally, the extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on ACh-induced contractions, while 20-HE enhanced the contractile response. The current findings highlighted phytoecdysteroids' potential for modifying gastrointestinal motility.

The study aimed to analyze gene expression linked to skeletal muscle growth and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens fed with plant extracts. Five groups of chickens were formed: four experimental groups and one control group. The diets of the experimental groups were supplemented with different plant extracts: chicory, St. John's wort, maral root, and creeping thyme, whereas the control group received feed without phytobiotic compounds. Weekly weighings were conducted (n = 36). The chickens were slaughtered at day 26 for tissue sampling of four birds from each group. Gene expression (MYOG, MSTN, FASN) related to muscle growth and fatty acid synthesis was analyzed using the β-actin ACTB gene as a reference. Blood samples were taken at day 35 for biochemical analysis and anatomical dissection was performed. The study revealed that using plant extracts from chicory, thyme, and maral root increased MYOG gene activity by 4.21, 7.45, and 8.93 times, respectively. T. serpyllum extract boosted the MSTN gene by 10.93 times, impacting muscle growth regulation. FASN gene expression for fatty acid synthesis increased significantly by 18.22-184.12 times with plant extracts. The best results regarding meat productivity of chickens were obtained when using R. carthamoides extract. The results of the study will serve as a basis for further development of a phytocomposition designed to increase the meat productivity of broiler chickens in the production of environmentally safe poultry products.

Extracts of certain fodder grasses may be viewed as powerful agents against infections induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Here we demonstrated ability of Galega orientalis and Rhaponticum carthamoides extracts, alone or in combination with antibiotics, to inhibit growth, viability and biofilm formation in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains with different sensitivity to antibiotics and non-pathogenic laboratory strain E. coli BW25113 as well as its mutant derivatives. Modulation of motility and production of extracellular structures in the presence of the extracts correlated with their anti-biofilm effects. Interestingly, an increase in antibacterial action of kanamycin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime on both biofilms and planktonic cultures of the studied strains was observed in the presence of the extracts, including antibiotic resistant APEC strain #45. The extracts alone showed weak prooxidant activity which could contribute to modification of redox-sensitive sites of various regulatory circuits, resulting to synergetic effects in combination with antibiotics.

На территории Казахстана находится большое количество видов растений, занесенных в Красную Книгу, что юридически определяет охранный статус и требует мер по их сохранению. Одним из особо охраняемых видов растений является левзея сафлоровидная (Rhaponticum carthamoides Willd) – это многолетнее травянистое лекарственное растение, что вносит ограничение на его сбор, использование в производстве и делает необходимым внесение растения в культуру in vitro. Одним из обязательных условий, необходимых для эффективного укоренения и роста побегов in vitro, является грамотное использование экзогенных гормональных препаратов. Ауксины играют важную роль в процессах регенерации при размножении каллусных клеток; в процессе образования придаточных и боковых корней, луковиц, при заложении вегетативных почек. При выборе оптимального индуктора ризогенеза стараются добиться хорошего развития корневой системы при незначительном образовании каллуса. Хорошее развитие корневой системы обеспечивает практически 100% приживаемость и больший прирост побегов на этапе адаптации, поскольку хорошо развитая корневая система способствует более быстрой адаптации растений к почвенным условиям. Поэтому так важно для растений подобрать оптимальный гормональный состав среды для укоренения, обеспечивающий хорошее развитие корневой системы без образования каллусных тканей. Установлено, что введение в состав среды ауксинов, способствовало достоверному повышению количества корней по сравнению с МС и ½ МС используемых в качестве контроля. Результаты опытов по определению влияния типа и концентрации ауксина (НУК, ИМК) на ризогенез левзеи сафлоровидной показали, высокую способностью к образованию корней в условиях in vitro, левзея укореняется с высокой частотой на средах с разными ауксинами в широком диапазоне концентрации. При этом качество корневой системы и побегов были разным. Так, на средах с НУК в концентрации от 2 до 5 мг/л формируется более слабая корневая система с тонкими корешками, при этом частота ризогенеза высокая. Среднее количество корней на варианте использования НУК составило от 3,0 до 4,0 корней на регенерант, средняя длина корней составила от 2,4 до 2,9 см. Побеги на средах с НУК отставали в росте, происходило усыхание нижних листьев по сравнению с побегами, культивируемыми на средах с ИМК. Применение ИМК было удачным при концентрации ауксина как при 2 мг/л, так и 5 мг/л, в этом случае получили достаточно хорошо развитую корневую систему и максимальный прирост укорененных побегов. Среднее количество корней с применением ИМК в среде составило от 5,0 до 14,0 корней на регенерант. Средняя длина корней составила 5,0 до 13,3 см. По результатам полученных данных можно рекомендовать использовать ИМК для индукции ризогенеза левзеи сафлоровидной при концентрации 2мг/л, при внесении данной концентрации ауксина в среду, достигалось максимальное количество корней на эксплант – 14,0 шт., с хорошо развитой корневой системой, развитием главного, придаточных и боковых корней. При повышении концентрации ИМК в среде до 5мг/л побеги развивались нормально, но образование ризогенеза проходило чуть медленнее.