RFID Sensor Networks Research Articles

Retracted: Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Retracted: Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Social signal manipulation and environmental challenges have independent effects on physiology, internal microbiome, and reproductive performance in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor).

The social environment that individuals experience appears to be a particularly salient mediator of stress resilience, as the nature and valence of social interactions are often related to subsequent health, physiology, microbiota, and overall stress resilience. Relatively few studies have simultaneously manipulated the social environment and ecological challenges under natural conditions. Here, we report the results of experiments in wild tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in which we manipulated both ecological challenges (predator encounters and flight efficiency reduction) and social interactions (by experimental dulling of a social signal). In two experiments conducted in separate years, we reversed the order of these treatments so that females experienced either an altered social signal followed by a challenge or vice-versa. Before, during, and after treatments were applied, we tracked breeding success, morphology and physiology (mass, corticosterone, and glucose), nest box visits via an RFID sensor network, cloacal microbiome diversity, and fledging success. Overall, we found that predator exposure during the nestling period reduced the likelihood of fledging and that signal manipulation sometimes altered nest box visitation patterns, but little evidence that the two categories of treatment interacted with each other. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding what types of challenges and what conditions are most likely to result in interactions between the social environment and ecological challenges.

Empirical Analysis of the Nursing Effect of Intelligent Medical Internet of Things in Postoperative Osteoarthritis.

In order to analyze the effect of postoperative nursing for bones and joints, this paper combines the intelligent medical Internet of Things technology to construct a postoperative nursing system for bones and joints and conducts research on postoperative nursing methods for bones and joints. Moreover, this paper realizes the integration of “voice data + video data + software data” and the integration of “wired network + RFID sensor network + WIFI wireless network.” In this paper, this paper constructs an intelligent medical IoT nursing analysis system, combines actual cases to analyze the effect of postoperative nursing of bones and joints, and selects an intelligent IoT system and statistical software SPSS23.0 to complete statistical processing.

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Wireless sensor networks find applications everywhere in day to day activities right from attendance entry systems to healthcare monitoring systems. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the Internet of Everything (IoET) makes the wireless sensor network omnipresent and increases the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the proper identification of devices and sensor nodes which are mostly battery operated. As technology evolves, security threats also increase rapidly. This mandates a strong and energy-efficient green solution. This work attempted to address these issues by effectively deploying the lightweight encryption scheme called Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA). Though the XTEA is lightweight and famous, it is commonly known for various attacks. Our work patches the security threats in the XTEA by applying domain-specific customization, random number utilization, and undisclosed key renewal techniques. Two custom Renovated XTEA Mutual Authentication Protocol (RXMAP) encoder architectures, namely, RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2, are proposed based on the replacement of accurate computational blocks with approximate blocks. The proposed RXMAP protocol is evaluated for its computational and storage overhead and verified against various security threats using BAN logic formal verification and informal verification. The proposed encoder architectures are simulated for functional verification, and ASIC implementation is done with a 132 nm process node. ASIC implementation results show that the proposed designs RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 occupy 53.11% and 53.31% lesser area compared to XTEA I and 52.97% and 53.18% lesser area compared to XTEA II implementation. The total power consumed by the proposed encoder architectures RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 is 68.76% and 71.64% lesser than XTEA II implementation, respectively, while maintaining the equal throughput.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based wireless manufacturing systems, a review

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising technological innovations in order to track and trace products as well as material flow in manufacturing systems. High Frequency (HF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems can track a wide range of products in the part production process via radio waves with level of accuracy and reliability. As a result, quality and transparency of data across the supply chain can be accurately obtained in order to decrease time and cost of part production. Also, process planning and part production scheduling can be modified using the advanced RFID systems in part manufacturing process. Moreover, to decrease the cost of produced parts, material handling systems in the advanced assembly lines can be analyzed and developed by using the RFID. Smart storage systems can increase efficiency in part production systems by providing accurate information from the stored raw materials and products for the production planning systems. To increase efficiency of energy consumption in production processes, energy management systems can be developed by using the RFID-sensor networks. Therefore, smart factories and intelligent manufacturing systems as industry 4.0 can be introduced by using the developed RFID systems in order to provide new generation of part production systems. In this paper, a review of RFID based wireless manufacturing systems is presented and future research works are also suggested. It has been observed that the research filed can be moved forward by reviewing and analyzing recent achievements in the published papers.

Automatic Monitoring of Fruit Ripening Rooms by UHF RFID Sensor Network and Machine Learning

Accelerated ripening through the exposure of fruits to controlled environmental conditions and gases is nowadays one of the most assessed food technologies, especially for climacteric and exotic products. However, a fine granularity control of the process and consequently of the quality of the goods is still missing, so the management of the ripening rooms is mainly based on qualitative estimations only. Following the modern paradigms of Industry 4.0, this contribution proposes a non-destructive RFID-based system for the automatic evaluation of the live ripening of avocados. The system, coupled with a properly trained automatic classification algorithm based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs), can discriminate the stage of ripening with an accuracy greater than 85%.

A low‐profile planar monopole antenna for ISM/IMT/Bluetooth/Zigbee/WiFi/WiMAX/WLAN wireless communication applications

SummaryRecently, there is a significant rise in the numbers of devices and systems that use industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. The ISM band is not only used in ISM applications but also in telecommunication services including IMT, Zigbee, Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMAX, WLAN, RFID, military radars, and wireless sensor networks. To cover all these applications, in this paper, a low‐profile planar monopole antenna is suggested for 2.45‐GHz band communication applications. The anticipated antenna is composed of a vertical bar‐shaped radiator and a partial ground plane with two vertical slits. The inclusion of vertical slits in the ground plane forms a matching circuit by enlarging the current path, and hence, the studied design can achieve a measured operating band of 2.2 to 2.95 GHz. Moreover, the studied antenna achieved a maximum peak gain of 2.77 dBi and a maximum radiation efficiency of 82.45% and exhibited an omnidirectional radiation pattern that makes it appropriate for ISM and different narrowband wireless applications.

Improvement of the Communication between RFID Sensor Network Devices Used to Control and Monitor a Building

In the RFID sensor network (RSN), the devices communicate with each other by RF waves using the antennas through a propagation channel. A poor communication between these devices results in either a significant economic loss or security threats. The communication problems can have several origins depending on the type of antenna used and the nature of the propagation channel. In this work, our objective is to limit the communication problems between the nodes of this network that are linked to the characteristics of an indoor propagation channel. The goal is to predict the channel characteristics using the 3D ray tracing method in order to select the appropriate transmission parameters such as transmission power and duration of a symbol. To achieve this, we have modeled a building that is sectioned as a propagation channel where network devices are deployed for control and monitoring. The communication was made at 915 MHz using the quasi‐isotropic 3D cubic antenna that we designed as well as a conventional dipole antenna in order to compare the results. We have found that the use of the 3D cubic antenna gives several advantages to the RFID sensor network compared to the most commonly used conventional dipole antenna, such as a transmission power of 0 dBm which automatically leads to an increase in the lifetime of the devices, as well as a minimum symbol duration of around 219.78 ns which gives a high bit rate.

Optimization of Intelligent Logistics Supply Chain Management System Based on Wireless Sensor Network and RFID Technology

Based on the in‐depth study of two technologies, wireless sensor network, and RFID technology, this paper proposes a corresponding solution to the urgent storage positioning problem and the safety of goods in transit in the logistics supply chain process. And on this basis, it broadens the whole logistics process of warehousing and distribution and designs a framework of intelligent logistics supply chain management system with wireless sensor network and RFID technology to realize the management process of logistics main business. For the problems of complicated hardware wiring, the excessive number of positioning nodes and low effective coverage rate of traditional RFID‐based positioning methods in large‐scale warehousing environment, the integrated RFID and wireless sensor network fusion technology constructs a new movable anchor node, divides the nodes in the traditional positioning process into fixed anchors and mobile anchors, proposes a secondary positioning method, improves positioning accuracy and effective coverage rate, and provides a new positioning method for large‐scale storage environment. For the transportation of goods in transit, especially precious and dangerous goods, a six‐axis acceleration sensor‐based method for detecting the behavioral attitude of goods in transit is proposed. Time window slicing of cargo motion data stream is performed to reduce data processing and based on the statistical features of a large amount of experimental data, and feature vectors and classifiers are analyzed and designed to achieve behavioral attitude classification of goods in transit. The experiment proves that this method has high recognition accuracy and has certain practical application value. Finally, the whole storage and distribution logistics process is integrated, the framework of intelligent logistics supply chain management system combining WSN and RFID is built based on wireless sensor network software and hardware platform, and the detailed design of logistics supply chain management system business process is mainly carried out. Combined with the two key methods proposed in this paper, the information management process of traditional logistics business such as access, storage positioning and monitoring, and distribution monitoring and management is realized, and the management system is tested on this basis. The testing effect proves that this system has certain deployment reference significance and practical application value and to a certain extent can help improve the intelligence level of logistics supply chain management and achieve the expected goal of this study.

The Supply Chain Financial Supervision Mechanism of the Internet of Things Based on the Integration of RFID and Wireless Sensor Network

Based on the fusion of wireless sensor modules and UHF RFID readers, this paper develops a UHF RFID reading and writing system based on wireless sensing technology and designs a communication interface circuit that integrates wireless sensing and RFID technology. The financial supervision mechanism of the Internet of Things compatible with these two technologies improves the communication distance limitation of the RFID system and improves the flexibility of the RFID reading and writing system. Secondly, in view of the security issues of WSN small and medium data distribution, this paper proposes a lightweight small data supply chain financial supervision program. The solution adopts two‐way authentication technology based on the improvement of the Internet of Things supply chain, the negotiation of the Internet of Things supply chain, and a lightweight encryption algorithm, which realizes the secure communication between ordinary nodes and gateway nodes, and can more effectively solve the problem of small and medium data distribution in WSN to resist the deficiencies of the financial supervision mechanism; compared with existing solutions of the same magnitude, it has higher security and efficiency. Experimental simulation shows that an important problem in the converged network is the imbalance of node energy consumption. In order to reduce the negative impact of the imbalance of energy consumption on the network, this article compares the two for direct transmission protocol and minimum energy multihop routing protocol. From the perspective of supply chain process performance, based on the proposed technical impact framework, it analyzes how companies actually carry out ID application work, making the research from general to individual, from theory to practice. The network energy consumption calculation method under this protocol improves an improved network architecture model that increases the communication scale. The test results show that the technical impact analysis framework established in this article based on the theory of the Internet of Things and the advantages of RFID technology can analyze the automation benefits, information benefits, and transformative benefits brought by automatic identification technology to the supply chain and introduce complementary resources and potential factors. It provides a theoretical basis and operation method for measuring the impact of RFID on the performance of the financial supervision process based on the Internet of Things supply chain in practical applications.

Power-Saving Design of Radio Frequency Identification Sensor Networks in Bus Seatbelt Monitoring Systems.

Seatbelt state monitoring is important in intercity buses for passenger safety. This paper discusses the issues and challenges in power-saving design of radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor networks in bus seatbelt monitoring. A new design approach is proposed in this work for low-power layout and parameter setting in RFID sensor nodes in hardware and software design. A one-to-many pairing registration method is suggested between the concentrator and the seat nodes. Unlike using extra computer software to write seat identification (ID) into an integrated circuit (IC) card, the node ID in this project can be stored into the concentrator directly, which can reduce intermediate operations and reduce development costs. The effectiveness of the proposed low-power design approach is verified by some experimental tests.

A Review of IoT Sensing Applications and Challenges Using RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensors networks (WSNs) are two fundamental pillars that enable the Internet of Things (IoT). RFID systems are able to identify and track devices, whilst WSNs cooperate to gather and provide information from interconnected sensors. This involves challenges, for example, in transforming RFID systems with identification capabilities into sensing and computational platforms, as well as considering them as architectures of wirelessly connected sensing tags. This, together with the latest advances in WSNs and with the integration of both technologies, has resulted in the opportunity to develop novel IoT applications. This paper presents a review of these two technologies and the obstacles and challenges that need to be overcome. Some of these challenges are the efficiency of the energy harvesting, communication interference, fault tolerance, higher capacities to handling data processing, cost feasibility, and an appropriate integration of these factors. Additionally, two emerging trends in IoT are reviewed: the combination of RFID and WSNs in order to exploit their advantages and complement their limitations, and wearable sensors, which enable new promising IoT applications.

Interconnected IoT Architectural Platforms and Applications

Future technology totally based on smart automation and smart information transfer. Internet of Things makes a bridge communication from appliances and industry to smart automation. Sensors of Internet of Things records the physical data from the appliances and industry and transfer accordingly for analytic and decision processing. Next in line to advancements, for example, RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks, the Internet Of Things has unearthed bolt upright interconnection of restrictive frameworks. IoT depicts the future condition of the interconnected network between these storehouses, empowering the revelation of tangible sensors and elucidation of data transfer amidst the things. This paper comes up with a schematic path and network empowerment to give the interconnections among different frameworks and platform based data transmission technology and information management.

Internet of Things technology applications in the workplace environment: a critical review

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the use of IoT technology (RFID technology, sensor networks, wearable devices and other smart items) in office settings and its respective impact on the optimization of employees’ productivity and workspace effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews 41 relevant publications reporting IoT use in office settings to identify how this technology has been applied in office settings and what topics are mostly addressed in the literature; how IoT technology improves employees’ productivity; and what the benefits and risks associated with IoT use in the workplace environment are.FindingsTwo main areas of application of IoT technology in the workplace environment were identified. The first one concerns the influence of the physical characteristics of workplaces on aspects related to workspace effectiveness. The second one is employee-centered and concerns the use of IoT data to identify employees’ social behavior, physiological data and emotional estates associated with productivity. IoT technology provides real-time data with speedy information retrieval. However, its deployment in office settings is not exempt from risks. Employee workplace surveillance, re-individualization of the IoT data and employee refusal of IoT technology in office settings are the main risks associated with this technology.Originality/valueThis literature review categorizes IoT application in office settings according to two perspectives and highlights employees' attitudes, user-experience of IoT technology and the risks associated with this technology. These results will help researchers and workplace managers interested in the deployment of this technology in the workplace environment.

Collaborative target tracking of IoT heterogeneous nodes

A sensing system consisting of a single type of sensor has numerous defects in target tracking, for example, RFID sensor network has a limited positioning accuracy and camera sensor network has a large data communication. Thus, the target tracking of heterogeneous nodes has become the present research focus. Three types of sensor nodes, namely, RFID, camera, and passive sensors, were combined in this study for fusion of heterogeneous node data. Moreover, a target tracking algorithm of heterogeneous nodes was proposed. The proposed algorithm constructed a node sensing efficacy function through particle filtering, built a sensing energy efficiency function by balancing surplus node energies, and eliminated members in the perception group that participate in the target tracking process. Experimental results indicate that in comparison with existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has high target tracking accuracy and has reached a favorable balance with regard to tracking accuracy and network energy consumption.

Protocol for Streaming Data from an RFID Sensor Network †.

Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which incorporate passive or battery-less sensors. These systems are known as computational RFID (CRFID). Several CRFID tags together with a reader set up an RFID sensor network. The reader powers up the tags’ microcontroller and their attached sensor using radio frequency waves, and tags backscatter, not only their EPC code but also the value of those sensors. The current standard for interrogating these CRFID tags is the EPC global Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2). When several tags are located inside the reader interrogation area, the EPC C1G2 results in very poor performance to obtain sensor data values. To solve this problem, a novel protocol called Sensor Frmed Slotted Aloha (sFSA) for streaming sensor data dealing with the tag collisions is presented. The proposed protocol increases the Sensor Read Rate (SRR), defined as the number of sensor data reads per second, compared to the standard. Additionally, this paper presents a prototype of an RFID sensor network to compare the proposed sFSA with the standard, increasing the SRR by more than five times on average. Additionally, the proposed protocol keeps a constant sensor sampling frequency for a suitable streaming of these tag sensors.

Intelligent Charging Query System of Traffic Energy Based on Internet of Things

The key technologies of Internet of Things includes RFID technology, sensor network and detection technology, intelligent technology, it has been applied in various areas and plays a vital part in normal life. This paper introduces the concept of electric traffic energy inquiry system, operating mode, main technology and project value.

IoT Based Environment Monitoring by Using Arduino

Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in Next Generation Networks. Ample number of research works in IoT is carried out in developing countries like India. Research and Development units of industries are working on connecting tiny devices and objects to infer and to measure environmental and ecological resources. Domestic applications are also in line with this research. This paper proposes an integrated smart environment based on IoT. Several sectors like agriculture, security and emergency, banking, Surveillances, meteorology, health care, education, government – e services, domestic appliances monitoring, traffic surveillance are integrated and the various objects and devices are connected using RFID technology. This paper also deals with how various sectors are connected by means of RFID technology and sensor networks. It also brings forth an idea of establishing IoT information

Energy Management in RFID-Sensor Networks: Taxonomy and Challenges

Ubiquitous computing is foreseen to play an important role for data production and network connectivity in the coming decades. The Internet of Things (IoT) research which has the capability to encapsulate identification potential and sensing capabilities, strives toward the objective of developing seamless, interoperable, and securely integrated systems which can be achieved by connecting the Internet with computing devices. This gives way for the evolution of wireless energy harvesting (EH) and power transmission using computing devices. Radio frequency (RF) based energy management (EM) has become the backbone for providing energy to wireless integrated systems. The two main techniques for EM in RF identification sensor networks (RSN) are EH and energy transfer (ET). These techniques enable the dynamic energy level maintenance and optimization as well as ensuring reliable communication which adheres to the goal of increased network performance and lifetime. In this paper, we present an overview of RSN, its types of integration and relative applications. We then provide the state-of-the-art EM techniques and strategies for RSN from August 2009 till date, thereby reviewing the existing EH and ET mechanisms designed for RSN. The taxonomy on various challenges for EM in RSN has also been articulated for open research directives.

Energy-Aware RFID Anti-Collision Protocol.

The growing interest in mobile devices is transforming wireless identification technologies. Mobile and battery-powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers, such as hand readers and smart phones, are are becoming increasingly attractive. These RFID readers require energy-efficient anti-collision protocols to minimize the tag collisions and to expand the reader’s battery life. Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in RFID sensor networks with a growing number of RFID sensor tags. Thus, RFID application developers must be mindful of tag anti-collision protocols. Energy-efficient protocols involve a low reader energy consumption per tag. This work presents a thorough study of the reader energy consumption per tag and analyzes the main factor that affects this metric: the frame size update strategy. Using the conclusion of this analysis, the anti-collision protocol Energy-Aware Slotted Aloha (EASA) is presented to decrease the energy consumption per tag. The frame size update strategy of EASA is configured to minimize the energy consumption per tag. As a result, EASA presents an energy-aware frame. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated and compared with several state of the art Aloha-based anti-collision protocols based on the current RFID standard. Simulation results show that EASA, with an average of 15 mJ consumed per tag identified, achieves a 6% average improvement in the energy consumption per tag in relation to the strategies of the comparison.