Rewinding Process Research Articles

OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMATED PRODUCTION LINE FOR NANO-COATED FILTER MEDIA

Nano-coated filters is crucial in preventing the spread of airborne viruses like COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Nano-coatings with antiviral properties significantly enhance the filter’s ability to capture and deactivate these pathogens, providing essential protection in high-risk environments such as hospitals, public transportation, and indoor spaces. This study focuses on developing a streamlined production system that integrates nano-coating directly onto filter media fabrics, addressing inefficiencies and high costs associated with the current separate nano-coating process. The proposed system features four process stations: unwinding the fabric, spraying nanoliquid, drying, and rewinding the fabric. The integrated system ensures uniform application ofthe nano-coating through rollers and fine atomisation nozzles. The drying process using infrared radiation and heated air with thermocouples provides even heating and effective bonding of the coating. The rewinding process, supported by web guiding, load cells, and feedback signals, maintains proper fabric alignment and tension, ensuring accurate spooling. The cast iron EN9-made structure supports filter materials ranging from 5 kg to 9 kg in weight. The system is powered by a servo motor with 31.75 Nm torque and speed of 111.4 revolution/minute, and a pump operates at 60 psi with 4.4 × 10-7 m3/s flowrate and 6.7 W power. The 13.5 kW curing oven maintains a temperature range of 75oC–80oC for 45 seconds. The automation and integration of these processes into a single continuous production line contribute to the development of more efficient, scalable production methods, and enhance theconsistency of producing high-quality filtration materials.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide assisted transformation of graphene oxide nanolayers to nanoscrolls for supercapacitor electrode materials: Effect of morphology and electrolyte on supercapacitor performance

The study illustrates a facile preparative strategy of graphene oxide (GO) nanoscrolls through surface engineering of GO nanosheets by superparamagnetic iron oxide as the transformative and its application as a supercapacitor electrode. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles acted like localized magnetic fields, which can establish inter particle attractive force within a GO nanosheet and metamorphose the morphology to nanoscrolls. The morphological transformation effectively restricted the restacking of exfoliated nanomaterials, thereby exterminating one of the major obstructions to acquire the expected electrochemical performances. The mechanism of scrolling process has been unveiled by preparing various combinations of GO:iron oxide and studying the sequential transformation in morphology using TEM, XRD and Raman followed by magnetization study and XPS. The critical ratio of GO:Iron Oxide was optimized at (1:6) and the combination was subjected for detailed electrochemical analysis under a three-electrode system using KOH and Na2S2O3 electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry, impedance and galvanoscopic charge discharge study suggested an impressive electrode performance with specific capacitance, energy density and power density values of 849 Fg−1, 66.3 Whkg−1 and 416.7 Wkg−1, respectively in Na2S2O3 with an excellent cycle stability by retaining 85 % performance characteristics after 4000 cycles. The surface engineering method has been validated as a reversible strategy since successful unwinding and rewinding process of nanoscrolls made viable followed by the electrochemical performance evaluation. This has been further underlined the critical role of iron oxide for the improved storage/discharge performance via amending the morphology of GO.

Detection, Verification and Analysis of Micro Surface Defects in Steel Filament Using Eddy Current Principles, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy.

In the current industrial revolution, advanced technologies and methods can be effectively utilized for the detection and verification of defects in high-speed steel filament production. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for the precise detection and verification of micro surface defects found in steel filaments through the application of the Eddy current principle. Permanent magnets are employed to generate a magnetic field with a high frequency surrounding a coil of sensors positioned at the filament's output end. The sensor's capacity to detect defects is validated through a meticulous rewinding process, followed by a thorough analysis involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Artificial defects were intentionally introduced into a sample, and their amplitudes were monitored to establish a threshold value. The amplitude signal of these created defect was identified at approximately 10% FSH, which corresponds to a crack depth of about 20 µm. In the experimental production of 182 samples covering 38 km, the defect ratio was notably high, standing at 26.37%. These defects appeared randomly along the length of the samples. The verification results underscore the exceptional precision achieved in the detection of micro surface defects within steel filaments. These defects were primarily characterized by longitudinal scratches and inclusions containing physical tungsten carbide.

Efficient Partial Rewind of Successive Cancellation-Based Decoders for Polar Codes

The successive cancellation (SC) process in which symbols are decoded sequentially by processing some intermediate information is an essential component of various decoding algorithms used for polar codes and their variants. In some decoding schemes, we may need to redo this process from some specific symbol or from the first symbol. This operation is called rewinding. Rewinding the SC process seems trivial if we have access to all intermediate log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) and partial sums. However, as the block length increases, retaining all of the intermediate information becomes inefficient and impractical. Rewinding the SC process in a memory-efficient way is a problem that we address in this paper. As we store a fraction of all the intermediate information in the memory-efficient scheme, we may not be able to rewind the SC process to the target symbol index. The reason is that some of the stored intermediate information needed to decode the target symbol may have been overwritten. To recompute the lost information, we may need to rewind the process further. Before proposing the formal scheme for the rewinding process, we explore the known properties of the SC process based on the binary representation of the bit indices. Then, we introduce a new operator used for grouping the bit indices. This special grouping helps us in finding the closest bit index to the target index for rewinding. We also analytically prove that this approach gives access to the untouched intermediate information stored in the memory which is essential in resuming the SC process. Finally, we adapt the proposed approach to multiple rewinds and apply it to SC-flip decoding and shifted-pruning-based list decoding. The numerical evaluation of the proposed solution shows a significant reduction of ≥50% in the complexity of the additional decoding attempts at medium and high SNR regimes for SC-flip decoding and less for shifted-pruning based list decoding.

Effect of Radial Stress on the Nanoparticle-Based Electrolyte Layer in a Center-Wound Roll with Roll-to-Roll Systems.

Recently, slot-die coating based on the roll-to-roll process has been actively used to fabricate nanoparticle-based electrolyte layers because it is advantageous for high-speed processes and mass production of uniformly thick electrolyte layers. In this process, the fabricated electrolyte layer is stored as a wound roll throughout the rewinding process. We analyzed the defects and geometric changes in an electrolyte layer, i.e., gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), due to the radial stress in the wound roll. We found that the thickness of the coated layer could be decreased by increasing the radial stress, i.e., cracks can be generated in the coated layer if excessively high radial stress is applied to the wound-coated layer. More thickness changes and crack defects were generated with time due to the residual stress in the wound roll. Finally, we analyzed the effects of taper tension profiles on the defects of the coated layer in the wound roll and determined the taper tension profile to minimize defects.

НОВЫЙ СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ШЕЛКА-СЫРЦА

This article provides information on the presented vacuum steaming method in place of the emulsifying method which is used to rewind raw silk. This method, envisages the use of a modern vacuum steaming machine of the SC-750 series, as well as a rational processing mode depending on the degree of hardening of the raw silk. To prepare raw silk for twisting, a new, shorter technology for softening of glued parts of the material is being proposed. Owing to the new method (c), after removing tension from the raw silk, the relative strength of the entire assortment has improved by 6-7%, and breaks during the rewinding process have reduced by almost 25%. The processing time has reduced by 6 times compared to the wetting method, 12 times compared to the sprinkling method, technological processes have reduced to 4 and 2 runs, respectively.

Multivariable Adaptive Control of the Rewinding Process of a Roll-to-roll System Governed by Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, an active control scheme for the rewinding process of a roll-to-roll (R2R) system is investigated. The control objectives are to suppress the transverse vibration of the moving web, to track the desired velocity profile, and to keep the desired radius value of a rewind roller. The bearing coefficient in the rewind shaft is unknown and the rotating elements in the drive motor are various. The moving web is modeled as an axially moving beam system governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). The control scheme utilizes two control inputs: a control force exerted from a hydraulic actuator equipped with a damper, and a control torque applied to the rewind roller. Two adaptation laws are derived to estimate the unknown bearing coefficient and the bound of variations of the rotating elements. The Lyapunov method is employed to prove the robust stability of the rewind section, specifically the uniform and ultimate boundedness of all of the signals. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes was verified by numerical simulations.

Analysis of the Strength Parameters of Worsted and Component Spun Yarns after the Rewinding Process

The notion of yarn is understood as a continuous textile product of theoretically endless length and circle-like cross-section, made of staple or continuous fibres. A yarn leaves the spinning mill in a raw state and is used to produce some fabrics, but mostly it is subjected to the process of finishing. The yarn undergoes preparatory processes, such as winding, doubling, twisting, paraffin treatment, singeing and dyeing, depending of the final fabric type. Yarns are rewound on winding frames, and computers control operation of the rewinding frames and systematically monitor the yarn parameters. An electronic cleaner removes yarn defects, whose size has been saved in the computer memory. The purification of yarn improves its quality, resulting in a decrease in the number of breaks in further technological processes. A lower number of yarn breaks contribute to an increase in machine efficiency (weaving and knitting machines). The experimental section of the study is divided into two parts. The first includes tests of yarn strength parameters before and after the rewinding process. It was established in the process of cleaning that the yarn during rewinding affects the strength of wool and blended yarns. In the second part, the strength parameters of yarn doubling points after the rewinding process for various variants of the splicer setting were tested. The blowing time in the doubling chamber was changed and the importance of using the thermosplicer for the yarn joint strength was established.

T7 helicase unwinding and stand switching investigated via single-molecular technology

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) and magnetic tweezers are widely used to study the molecular motors because of their high resolution and real-time observation. In this work, we choose these two techniques as the research means. The bacteriophage T7 helicase, as the research object, serves as a model protein for ring-shaped hexameric helicase that couples deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) hydrolysis to unidirectional translocation. The DNA strand separation is 5'-3'-along one strand of double-stranded DNA. Using smFRET and magnetic tweezers to study the unwinding process of T7 helicase, we can have more in depth understanding of the unwinding and strand switching mechanisms of the ring-shaped hexameric helicases. First, by designing DNA substrates with different 3'-tail structures, we find that the 3'-tail is required for T7 helicase unwinding process, no matter whether it is single-stranded or double-stranded. These results confirm an interaction between T7 helicase and 3'-tail. Second, examining the dependence of unwinding process on GC content in DNA sequence, we find that as GC content increases, T7 helicase has higher chances to stop and slips back to the initial position by annealing stress or dissociating from DNA substrate. As the GC content increases to 100%, 79% helicases could not finish the unwinding process. Third, by further analysing the experimental data, two different slipping-back phenomena of T7 helicase are observed. One is instantaneous and the other is slow. The results from the experiment on magnetic tweezers also confirm this slow slipping-back phenomenon. This instantaneous slipping-back results from the rewinding process of unwound single-stranded DNA as studied previously. When T7 helicase cannot continue unwinding because of the high GC content in DNA sequence, it dissociates from the single-stranded DNA or slips back to the initial position very quickly because of the annealing stress. However, this slow slipping-back phenomenon cannot be explained by this reason. According to previous researches, T7 helicase can only be translocated or unwound from 5' to 3' along one strand of double-stranded DNA because of the polarity principle. We suggest that this slow slipping-back is induced by the strand switching process of T7 helicase. Through this strand switching process, T7 helicase binds to the 3'-strand and are translocated along it from 5' to 3' to the initial position, results in this slow slipping-back phenomenon. This is the first time that the slow slipping-back phenomenon has been observed, which strongly suggests the strand switching process of T7 helicase. Based on our results and previous researches, we propose the model of this strand switching process and this model may be extended to all ring-shaped hexameric helicases.

Analysis of a System for Automatic Control of the Process of Rewinding Filaments

A system which ensures stabilization of filament velocity and tension has been developed to control the process of rewinding filaments. The main stage in the system’s operation is the matching of the velocities with the prescribed tension and diameter of the package. A PID controller serves as the main control element for fine adjustment of the system. To optimize the parameters of the PID controller, the dynamic characteristics of the filament rewinding process were determined by experimentally identifying recorded data on transients and then approximating them with transfer functions.

Adaptive control for a rewinding process of a roll-to-roll system

In this paper, transverse vibration and transport velocity controls of a moving web in a rewinding section of a roll to roll system are investigated. The moving web is modeled as an axially moving beam. Two independent adaptive control schemes are proposed. The first control scheme using a control force exerted from a hydraulic actuator is to suppress transverse vibrations of the moving web of unknown mass per unit length under a spatially varying tension and a time-varying transport velocity. The second control scheme using a control torque applied to the rewind roller is to maintain the transport velocity levels of the moving web in spite of disturbances such as the variations of rotating elements and unknown bearing friction. From the decentralized control viewpoint, the uniformly exponential stability for suppressing the transverse vibrations and the uniformly asymptotic stability for maintaining the transport velocity are achieved. However, as a whole, the uniformly asymptotic stability is concluded. Simulations for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes are presented.

An Outline of Innovation Management Process: Building a Framework for Managers to Implement Innovation

Innovation management emerged as a discipline in the 1890's with Edison's innovation factory. Edison changed the image of the sole inventor by converting innovation to a process with recognized steps practiced by a team of inventors working together– laying the basic design of the R&D department. These steps are streamlined to the major extent in all industries and include idea generation, concept development, feasibility studies, product development, market testing and launch. Innovation management is thus corresponds to the development of new products, processes and services. In cases where the organization does not make or offer products (goods or services), innovation lies in improving the way jobs are done to meet the organization's mission.This study will outline the general terms related to innovation and how it is evolved through years based on the literature review. Since market demands differ during the time and awareness of the customer increases, companies increased the bar for competencies. This framework starts with the need or problem definition and outlines different techniques to evolve the ideas. In the real life case study, Generator Rewind process is investigated in detail and the core problem is defined. Innovation management process tools are simplified the complex problem and reveals the core problem and basic needs so team members just follow the innovation management process step by step which is determined and investigated before. After that, in order to develop all possible solutions, an engineering team gathered and performed idea generation and developing meetings to find the best solutions. By implementing TRIZ methodology, the team achieved single and lightweight pieces as an innovation for rotor field winding services.

A simulation based comparison: Manual and automatic distribution setup in a textile yarn rewinding unit of a yarn dyeing factory

This paper aims to explain the production flow and the distribution logic of bobbins for rewinding process in a yarn dyeing factory, comparing the different scenarios of production (manual and automatic) using the computer simulation tools. The goal of this project is to build a model in which all the involved processes can be simulated with the consideration of all the parameters and constraints. The simulation model is used as a tool for the comparison of present manual setup and future automated setup for the production management of bobbin distribution in yarn rewinding process in terms of delays and costs. Since, the manual operation involves defaults, improper time management, errors and with the growing competitiveness globally, the companies in Europe need to automate as much as possible their production lines. The expected impacts are to increase the productivity and profitability, to have the possibility to customize the production, to develop production tools, implementation of the lean manufacturing tools.

Thermodynamic studies on the helix-sense inversion of polyaspartates in the solid state

The Clapeyron analysis has been performed on polyaspartate samples (–[NH–CH(CH2C(O)OX)C(O)]n–) carrying side chains such as X=benzyl (1PLA), phenethyl (2PLA), phenylpropyl (3PLA), and phenoxyethyl (PPOLA). In all cases examined, the unwinding and rewinding process of the helical backbone is consistent with the zippering mechanism previously elucidated for the concentrated LC solution. Variation of the PVT properties such as the volume and enthalpy changes at the transition was carefully examined. In the bulk solid state, contribution from the thermodynamic quantities associated with the redistribution of molecules in the configurational space (molecular packing) becomes substantial. It has been concluded that the characteristic features of the ℓ-α|ℓ-ω transition of 1PLA (140°C) are inconsistent with the Clapeyron concept, suggesting that the phase transition may involve a non-equilibrium step. The r-α|ℓ-ω transitions of the other polymers were found to conform to the Clapeyron relation. The screw-sense inversion seems to be reversible only when the crystalline structure (hexagonal) remains unaltered before and after the transition. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the key factor responsible for the reversibility of the solid-sate transition, thus providing a basis to understand the role of flanking side chains.

2B11 Adaptive control for a rewinding process of a high-speed roll-to-roll system

In this paper, transverse vibration control and transport velocity control of a moving web in a rewinding section of a roll to roll system are investigated. The moving web is modeled as an axially moving beam. Two independent adaptive control schemes are proposed. The first control scheme using a control force exerted from a hydraulic actuator is to suppress transverse vibrations of the moving web of unknown mass per unit length under a spatially varying tension and a time-varying transport velocity. The second control scheme using a control torque applied to the rewind roller is to maintain the transport velocity levels of the moving web in spite of disturbances such as the variations of rotating elements and unknown bearing friction. From the decentralized control viewpoint, the uniformly exponential stability for suppressing the transverse vibrations and the uniformly asymptotic stability for maintaining the transport velocity are achieved. However, as a whole, the uniformly asymptotic stability is concluded. Simulations for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes are presented.

Impediment of E. coli UvrD by DNA-destabilizing force reveals a strained-inchworm mechanism of DNA unwinding

Escherichia coli UvrD is a non-ring-shaped model helicase, displaying a 3'-5' polarity in DNA unwinding. Using a transverse magnetic tweezer and DNA hairpins, we measured the unwinding kinetics of UvrD at various DNA-destabilizing forces. The multiform patterns of unwinding bursts and the distributions of the off-times favour the mechanism that UvrD unwinds DNA as a dimer. The two subunits of the dimer coordinate to unwind DNA processively. They can jointly switch strands and translocate backwards on the other strand to allow slow (approximately 40 bp/s) rewinding, or unbind simultaneously to allow quick rehybridization. Partial dissociation of the dimer results in pauses in the middle of the unwinding or increases the translocation rate from approximately 40 to approximately 150 nt/s in the middle of the rewinding. Moreover, the unwinding rate was surprisingly found to decrease from approximately 45 to approximately 10 bp/s when the force is increased from 2 to 12 pN. The results lead to a strained-inchworm mechanism in which a conformational change that bends and tenses the ssDNA is required to activate the dimer.

Molecular recognition of DNA by small molecules: AT base pair specific intercalative binding of cytotoxic plant alkaloid palmatine

The base dependent binding of the cytotoxic alkaloid palmatine to four synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dA).poly(dT), poly(dA–dT).poly(dA–dT), poly(dG).poly(dC) and poly(dG–dC).poly(dG–dC) was examined by competition dialysis, spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric, thermal melting, circular dichroic, viscometric and isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) studies. Binding of the alkaloid to various polynucleotides was dependent upon sequences of base pairs. Binding data obtained from absorbance measurements according to neighbour exclusion model indicated that the intrinsic binding constants decreased in the order poly(dA).poly(dT) > poly(dA–dT).poly(dA–dT) > poly(dG–dC).poly(dG–dC) > poly(dG).poly(dC). This affinity was also revealed by the competition dialysis, increase of steady state fluorescence intensity, increase in fluorescence quantum yield, stabilization against thermal denaturation and perturbations in circular dichroic spectrum. Among the polynucleotides, poly(dA).poly(dT) showed positive cooperativity at binding values lower than r = 0.05. Viscosity studies revealed that in the strong binding region, the increase of contour length of DNA depended strongly on the sequence of base pairs being higher for AT polymers and induction of unwinding–rewinding process of covalently closed superhelical DNA. Isothermal titration calorimetric data showed a single entropy driven binding event in the AT homo polymer while that with the hetero polymer involved two binding modes, an entropy driven strong binding followed by an enthalpy driven weak binding. These results unequivocally established that the alkaloid palmatine binds strongly to AT homo and hetero polymers by mechanism of intercalation.

Assessing the impacts of rewind and repeated rewinds on induction motors: is an opportunity for Re-designing the machine being wasted?

This paper describes an extensive induction motor rewind study. The consequent effects during the rewind process on loss components and efficiency are investigated. All the tests are conducted in accordance with the IEEE 112-B method, and some results are justified by the calorimetric approach. The conclusions drawn from the study show a little impact of rewinding or repeated rewinding on the motor losses and efficiency if good practice is followed strictly. The efficiency results presented for most rewind studies apply for the full load condition. Changes in the balance between the load-independent losses and the load losses resulting from rewinding can, however, cause the maximum efficiency point to occur at a load, which differs from that of the original design. This may or may not be a disadvantage. Since few motors actually operate continuously at a full load, the comparisons of efficiency should really be made at the load point that applies specifically to the individual motor being rewound. The question that then arises is whether, there is a chance of improving the energy efficiency by modifying the motor design during rewinding, so that, a maximum efficiency occurs at the actual load point of the motor when used for its particular application

Laser Imaging Film Recalled after Being Exposed to Light during Rewind Process

Laser Imaging Film Recalled after Being Exposed to Light during Rewind Process

The Motor Rewind Issue-A New Look

Motor users have always been concerned about how long a rewound motor would last but never knew what to do about it. As power costs become higher and higher, a new and related question is cost. What happens to the efficiency and operating cost of a motor that is rewound two to three tithes during, its lifetime? The answers will depend upon how the motor is repaired. How motor losses can be changed during the rewind process is reviewed, along with what precautions should be taken to prevent an increase in operating costs and a decrease in motor life. The positive steps the motor user can take to protect his motor investment will also be explored.