Analysis and diagnostic of reverse osmosis membrane fouling using industrial plant data

Recent development in high-salinity wastewater treatment technologies for zero liquid discharge.

Co-valorization of carbon-supplemented RO reject water via Rhodopseudomonas palustris for integrated biomolecule and biopolymer production

Reverse osmosis treatment of blow-down water for beneficial reuse and sustainable power generation

pH-mediated polyethyleneimine-based thin-film composite membranes for high-performance pervaporation desalination

Geothermal waters still represent an underutilised resource for freshwater production, yet in some cases their high mineralisation, variable temperature, and the presence of trace elements such as boron and arsenic pose significant operational and environmental challenges. Efficient treatment of these waters is essential to enable their safe reuse or discharge while maintaining the sustainability of geothermal operations. This study presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a pilot-scale ultrafiltration–reverse osmosis (UF–RO) system dedicated to geothermal water treatment. Environmental impacts of construction, operation, and end-of-life phases were evaluated using SimaPro 9.5.0.0 and the ReCiPe 2016 method. The novelty of this work lies in assessing a real UF–RO configuration for geothermal feedwater, thereby identifying system-specific environmental hotspots. Results show that material-related processes, particularly membrane production and disposal, dominate total impacts (≈80–85 %), followed by pump manufacture (10–15 %) and electricity use (<5 %). Improving material circularity and membrane lifespan offers the highest reduction potential.

Integration of granular activated carbon (GAC) and gravity-driven membrane (GDM) reactor pretreatment for biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO): Toward municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse

Making waves: the perpetual membrane.

Redox-flow desalination (RFD) is a promising alternative to reverse osmosis (RO) for treatment of highly saline waters though the desalination mechanism(s) and optimal operating conditions remain insufficiently understood. Here, we systematically optimize a four-chamber RFD cell for feed NaCl brines up to 36 g L −1 and develop a dynamic one-dimensional model to resolve coupled ion transport, redox kinetics, and water fluxes under constant-voltage operation. Increasing feed salinity enhanced electrical conductivity, reduced ohmic losses, and increased average salt separation rates (ASSRs), achieving a maximum of 1124.4 μg min −1 cm −2 at 36 g L −1 . However, ASSR increase became non-linear as the desalination transitioned from ohmic- to redox kinetics-limited regimes. Optimized redox electrolyte flow rates alleviated mass-transfer limitations and maintained high current efficiency under a low voltage (0.6 V), while brine flow rates and ion-exchange resins (IERs) offered limited benefits at high salinity. Comparative testing of K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], Fe 3+ / 2+ –DTPA, and BTMAP–Fc + /Fc identified BTMAP–Fc as a chemically stable, low-toxicity mediator which produced stable desalination with energy consumption (8.8 kWh m −3 ) comparable to that of ferri/ferrocyanide (8.3 kWh m −3 ) at seawater-level salinity. Osmotic and electro-osmotic water transport increased with salinity, leading to 15.3% water loss from the diluate, highlighting the need for low-permeability ion-exchange membranes and optimized operation control. Overall, this study optimizes RFD systems for treating highly saline waters and provides mechanistic insights with implications for redox mediator selection, mass transfer kinetics and water transport for sustainable concentrate management. • Optimized redox flow desalination (RFD) achieved high salt separation rates. • 1D model captured performance for different influent salinities and redox mediators. • Higher electrolyte flow reduced mass-transfer limits at low voltage (0.6 V). • RFD efficiency benefited from multi-stage process incorporating ion-exchange resin. • BTMAP–Fc enabled stable, low-toxicity desalination performance at ~8.8 kWh m −3 .

Fabrication of triptycene-based polyamide low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes for high-efficiency desalination

Hybrid AI-RSM design for enhanced thermal transfer in evaporative nanophotonic membranes for solar steam desalination

Dual-interface regulation of two-dimensional ZIF-based composite membranes for efficient and stable pervaporation desalination.

Development of high boron removal reverse osmosis membranes based on the preferential adsorption-diffusion mechanism

Interpretable artificial intelligence enabled thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes for desalination

Field-realistic accelerated aging protocol for spiral-wound reverse osmosis membranes: multi-scale diagnostics and end-of-life criteria

Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal-incorporated polyamide nanofiltration membranes for desalination of dye solutions containing monovalent salts

To ensure sufficient clean water production in the future, new approaches to water treatment are required. Closed circuit reverse osmosis is seen as a possible technique to increase water recovery whilst creating pollutant free permeate. Here we operate closed circuit reverse osmosis with an adsorbent bed, formed by cake filtration, in the recirculation stream to treat PFAS containing and calcite scaling prone feed water. Operation to high recovery (99%) with an adsorbent cake was 37% faster compared to operation without an adsorbent cake, due to reduced membrane scaling by CACO 3 precipitation. 10 times more calcium precipitated in the adsorbent cake layer than on the membrane surface. Additionally 58% of PFBA and 99% of other PFAS were removed from the concentrate during operation, reducing the need for further concentrate treatment. • 37% faster at reaching 99% recovery compared to CCRO with no adsorption bed. • Adsorption from the CCRO concentrate allows for high recovery with a clean permeate. • Negligible increase in energy consumption by adsorption bed formed by cake filtration. • Filter cake additionally captures a substantial amount of inorganic scalants.

Computational flow modeling of triply periodic minimal surfaces as feed channel spacers in ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis applications

Comparison of Energy Management Strategies between Fuzzy Logic and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination System

Effects of administration of sildenafil citrate and amino acids on selected physiological, blood gas and biochemical parameters in pregnant twin-bearing sheep in late gestation.