Related Topics
Articles published on Return to sport
Authors
Select Authors
Journals
Select Journals
Duration
Select Duration
4693 Search results
Sort by Recency
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118500
- Jun 1, 2026
- Biosensors & bioelectronics
- Qinliang Wang + 3 more
Fully integrated AI-enhanced flexible wearable sensor for real-time movement evaluation and table tennis training.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1111/apa.70474
- Jun 1, 2026
- Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
- Anne-Kathrin Dathe + 4 more
The developmental profile underlying visual-motor difficulties in very preterm children (< 32 weeks gestation) remains unclear. The aim is to test whether visual perception and fine motor skills mediate effects of very preterm birth on visual-motor integration before school entry. 60 very preterm and 60 term children were assessed at age 5-6 years with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception. Direct and indirect effects of very preterm birth, visual perception and fine motor performance on visual-motor integration were tested using mediation analysis with SPSS. Mediation hypothesis was confirmed, specifically: (I) very preterm birth was associated with low visual-motor integration, fine motor skills and visual perception (β = -0.46, β = -0.44, β = -0.25, p < 0.01, respectively). (II) Fine motor skills and visual perception were positively associated with visual motor skills (β = 0.62, β = 0.43, p < 0.001). (III) In the full mediation model, the direct association of very preterm birth with visual motor integration was partially mediated by fine motor skills (β = -0.39, p < 0.001) and visual perception (β = -0.12, p < 0.001). Effects of very preterm birth on visual-motor integration are partially mediated by fine motor skills and visual perception. This developmental profile should be considered in screening and follow-up assessments. German clinical trial register number: DRKS00011503.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1111/dmcn.70043
- Jun 1, 2026
- Developmental medicine and child neurology
- Sebastian Ludyga + 3 more
To investigate the association of very preterm birth with visuospatial working memory in preadolescents and its mediation via motor skills and a neural index of working memory capacity. Case-control matching based on sex and age resulted in 53 participants born before 32 weeks of gestation and 53 participants (24 males, 29 females) born at term. All participants performed a change detection task that assessed working memory capacity from their k-score. The contralateral delay activity (CDA) elicited by the task was recorded using electroencephalography. Additionally, participants completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2). Participants born very preterm showed lower k-scores on the change detection task, lower negativity of the CDA as well as lower manual dexterity and balance on the MABC-2. Based on structural equation modelling with bias-corrected bootstrapping, poor motor skills fully mediated the association of very preterm birth with lower k-scores. Similarly, very preterm birth had an indirect effect on CDA via motor skills. Children born very preterm face difficulties in maintaining visuospatial information because of a lower working memory capacity compared to peers born at term. Given the mediating role of motor skills, poor balance and manual dexterity in particular might serve as predictors of increased risk for prolonged impairments.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1002/arj.70218
- May 15, 2026
- Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
- Alessandro Carrozzo + 8 more
Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair for Acute Proximal Tears Shows High Return to Sport and a 10% Failure Rate at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.7507/1002-1892.202512062
- May 15, 2026
- Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery
- Yuhui Su + 7 more
To compare the effectiveness between laminoplasty with preservation of the unilateral spinous process-ligament complex and traditional laminoplasty for thoracolumbar intraspinal tumors. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 patients with thoracolumbar intraspinal tumors, who met the selection criteria and were admitted between November 2019 and November 2024. Among them, 52 patients underwent traditional laminoplasty (control group), and 39 underwent laminoplasty with preservation of the unilateral spinous process-ligament complex (treatment group). There was no significant difference in baseline data between groups ( P>0.05), including gender, age, body mass index, tumor type, involved segments, disease duration, smoking history, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and selective functional movement assessment (SFMA). The two groups were compared based on the following outcome indicators, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative complications ( e.g., cerebrospinal fluid leakage), as well as neurological function recovery (ASIA grading, ODI), pain level (VAS score), and spinal mobility and pain symptoms (SFMA). There was no significant difference between groups ( P>0.05) in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, or the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. All patients were followed up, with follow-up periods of (19.26±4.45) months for the treatment group and (18.63±4.42) months for the control group, showing no significant difference ( t=-0.662, P=0.510). The postoperative VAS scores, ASIA grades, and ODI showed significant improvement compared to preoperative values in both groups ( P<0.05). At 3 and 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference between groups ( P>0.05). In the SFMA multi-stage trunk flexion and extension assessment at 3 and 12 months, there was no significant difference in motor function between groups among pain-positive cases ( P>0.05). However, among function cases, there was a significant difference in the incidence of pain ( P<0.05). Follow-up imaging showed that laminar fusion achieved in both groups, with no internal fixation failure or significant spinal instability. Compared to traditional laminoplasty, laminoplasty with preservation of the unilateral spinous process-ligament complex demonstrates comparable results in terms of surgical safety, short-term neurological recovery, and complication control. However, its advantage lies in better maintaining dynamic spinal stability and significantly alleviating pain at the surgical site during spinal hyperflexion and hyperextension.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1177/03635465261443313
- May 14, 2026
- The American journal of sports medicine
- Stefano Di Paolo + 6 more
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures in soccer most commonly occur during cutting maneuvers with noncontact injury mechanisms. Biomechanical assessment of the cutting technique has become a critical component of return-to-sport (RTS) evaluation after ACL injury, particularly in young football players at elevated risk of reinjury. However, the cutting technique in players with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) has never been examined under sport-specific conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the cutting technique in pediatric soccer players who had ACLR after RTS clearance against matched healthy controls during on-field soccer (or football)-specific (FS) movements. It was hypothesized that players with ACLR would exhibit risk factors for ACL injury and biomechanical differences relative to healthy counterparts. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. A total of 61 young soccer players-21 with ACLR (age, 16.7 ± 1.5 years) and 40 healthy matched controls-performed planned and unplanned FS cutting tasks on a regular soccer pitch. Kinematics of the lower limbs, pelvis, and trunk were collected using 8 wearable inertial sensors. Cut-stance phase kinematics were extracted as peak values, range of motion (ROM), initial contact values, and peak knee flexion. A linear mixed-effects model tested the effects of injury (β1, ACLR vs healthy), limb (β2, injured/dominant vs noninjured/nondominant), and their interaction effect (β2 + β3, injury × limb) on kinematics (P < .05). Significant injury × limb interactions (R2: 0.02-0.41; P < .001-P < .046) indicated altered kinematics in players with ACLR compared with healthy controls. Players with ACLR showed greater peak hip flexion (β1 = 22.2°), knee valgus (β1 = 2.3°), and lower knee flexion (β1 = -2.6°) during the unplanned FS task. Players with ACLR also showed reduced lower limb flexion ROM (β1 = -19.6° to -10.6°) but greater pelvis and trunk flexion ROM (β1= 2.2° to 4.8°) during unplanned FS task and greater contralateral pelvic drop and trunk tilt (β1 = -2.9° to -3.7°) in both tasks. Players with ACLR showed biomechanical alterations during field-based sport-specific cutting maneuvers compared with matched healthy controls, despite RTS clearance.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106583
- May 14, 2026
- Early human development
- Álvaro Hidalgo-Robles + 8 more
Beyond "low tone". What do the General Movements Assessment and Motor Optimality Score tell us about infants with developmental central hypotonia? A scoping review.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1177/00315125261451397
- May 14, 2026
- Perceptual and motor skills
- Filiz Ozdemir + 3 more
ObjectiveWhile it is known that there is a close connection between motor skills and neurocognitive functions. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), one of the most common childhood disorders, has not been adequately evaluated. This study aimed to assess motor skills and neurocognitive functions in children with ADHD, and to examine the relationship between these functions in comparison to healthy controls.MethodThis case-control study was conducted who were diagnosed with ADHD (n = 55) and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 57). The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a descriptive information form. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children- Second Edition (MABC-2) was used to evaluate motor skills, while the Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNSVS) computer-based test battery was used to assess neurocognitive functions.ResultsThe scores on neurocognitive components were significantly lower in the ADHD group (p < 0.05). Children with ADHD had lower MABC-2 total scores and average balance subcomponent scores compared to healthy children (p < 0.05). Additionally, the weak positive correlations between MABC-2 scores and neurocognitive functions observed in the control group were not present in the ADHD group.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that children with ADHD have significantly more difficulties with motor skills and neurocognitive functions than their healthy controls. This highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment of children with ADHD.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1186/s12891-026-09967-8
- May 13, 2026
- BMC musculoskeletal disorders
- Bolun Wang + 2 more
Despite returning to sport (RTS), individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may exhibit residual biomechanical alterations that are not fully captured by conventional RTS assessments. This study investigated 3D lower-limb kinematics during the critical early landing phase (0-100 ms) in individuals who had already returned to sport after ACLR, with the aim of examining how task-specific demands and localized acute fatigue influence early landing movement patterns. In this secondary analysis of a publicly available 3D motion capture dataset, 19 participants post ACLR (involved limb) and 22 healthy controls (dominant limb) were assessed. Knee, ankle, and pelvic joint angles were extracted at initial contact (IC, 0 ms) and at 25, 50, 75, and 100 ms intervals. Tasks included the unilateral counter movement jump (uCMJ) and single leg forward hop (SLH) under fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Linear mixed-effects models compared kinematics across groups and conditions. The ACLR group demonstrated a consistent transverse plane kinematic pattern suggestive of greater knee internal rotation during the early landing phase across all tasks (p < 0.05). Sagittal plane strategies showed marked task dependency. During the SLH task, the ACLR group showed a stiffer landing pattern, characterized by reduced knee flexion by 2°-4° and concurrent ankle dorsiflexion restriction around 50 ms after IC. Conversely, no significant between-group differences in knee flexion were observed during the uCMJ task. Furthermore, the localized acute fatigue protocol did not significantly alter these observed inter-group discrepancies. Individuals who had returned to sport after ACLR may retain residual early landing kinematic patterns, including a consistent transverse plane movement pattern and task specific stiff landing strategies. Future RTS assessment and post-RTS monitoring may benefit from placing greater emphasis on tasks with substantial horizontal braking demands, such as the SLH, as these tasks may provide additional information on residual early landing movement control patterns beyond conventional performance based outcomes. Rehabilitation may benefit from targeting landing quality, rotational control, and distal ankle buffering capacity.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1007/s00402-026-06295-3
- May 13, 2026
- Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery
- Peter Rab + 7 more
To report the clinical outcomes, return to sport (RTS) and psychological readiness of patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with knotless all-suture anchors with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. In this retrospective case series, consecutive patients who underwent primary arthroscopic Bankart repair using knotless all-suture anchors between 08/2019 and 07/2022 were included. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury (SI-RSI) scale, subjective shoulder value (SSV), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Patient satisfaction, RTS, return to preinjury level of sport, instability recurrence and revisions were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the discriminative performance of the SI-RSI scale, and the Youden's index was employed to determine the optimal cutoff for prediction of return to preoperative level of sports. Of 57 patients eligible for inclusion, 46 patients (11.1% female, 28.7 ± 6.8 years at surgery) were available at a follow-up of 2.9 [2.3-3.4] years. Three patients (6.5%) reported a redislocation, one patient (2.2%) underwent a revision and was excluded from analysis. At final follow-up, an ASES score of 98 (92-100), a DASH score of 2.5 (0-6.7), a WOSI of 11 (3.3-18), an SSV of 93 (85-97) along with low levels of pain were reported. A total of 43 (97.7%) of patients reporting preoperative activity (n = 44) achieved RTS, with 20 patients (45.5%) who had returned to preoperative level of sports. Patients achieving return to preoperative level of sports had a significantly higher SI-RSI scale (89 [83-94]) than those who did not (61 [50-81], p < 0.001). The SI-RSI showed high discriminative performance for return to preoperative level of sports (area under ROC curve: 0.84 [95%CI 0.73-0.97]) with an optimal cutoff of 80 (Youden's index: 0.597). At short-term follow-up, Bankart repair using knotless all-suture anchors demonstrated favorable patient-reported outcomes and low redislocation rates. Patients who did not return to their preinjury level of sport exhibited significantly lower psychological readiness. The SI-RSI exhibited high discriminative performance in predicting return to preoperative level of sports, with an optimal cutoff value of 80. IV - Retrospective case series.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00916
- May 13, 2026
- The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
- Katharine Harper + 5 more
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely used to assess recovery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) but are limited by subjectivity and recall bias. This initial pilot study introduces a novel Mobility Outcomes Testing Battery (MOTB) designed to objectively evaluate functional recovery using real-time movement and pain assessments. Thirty-six patients undergoing primary TKA completed MOTB and PROMs (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Jr, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, TSK-11) preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. MOTB included eight functional tasks (walking, sit-to-stand, stair ambulation) scored on performance (0 to 2 scale) and real-time pain (VAS 0 to 10). Composite MOTB scores were calculated by combining function and pain metrics. Dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry was used to assess body composition and skeletal dimensions. Radiographic limb alignment and demographic data were also collected. An analysis of variance was used to detect changes in measures over time, Pearson correlations examined the relationship between MOTB and standard PROM scores, and stepwise linear regression identified predictors of 6-month MOTB performance. MOTB scores improved markedly from baseline to 3 months (0.001) and from 3 to 6 months ( P = 0.008), demonstrating greater sensitivity than PROMs for detecting functional change. MOTB correlated with Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Jr. (r = 0.715, P < 0.001), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = -0.445), and TSK-11 (r = -0.359). Movement-specific analysis revealed stair descent as the most challenging task, with only 50% of patients achieving optimal scores at 6 months. Regression analysis identified higher preoperative lean mass and leg length as predictors of better stair performance, whereas increased body fat, valgus alignment, and cardiovascular disease were associated with poorer outcomes. Limb alignment classification (varus vs. valgus) had the strongest influence on cumulative MOTB scores. The MOTB offers a practical, objective, and movement-specific alternative to PROMs, with greater sensitivity to functional changes and reduced subjectivity. Easily implemented in minutes with no large equipment required, its potential in-clinic utility may enable individualized rehabilitation tracking and guide recovery by identifying movement deficits and modifiable risk factors.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1177/26350254251408436
- May 11, 2026
- Video Journal of Sports Medicine
- Deeya Prakash + 2 more
Background:Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is characterized by pain related to exercise that resolves with a period of rest. Along with these symptoms, CECS is commonly diagnosed based on an increase in intercompartmental pressure during exercise. A negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful to rule out commonly presenting symptoms. While fasciotomy remains the gold standard for patients who require more than conservative treatment, sex-specific outcome data require further investigation.Indications:This case presents a 17-year-old female adolescent with a 2-year history of bilateral calf pain, burning, and foot tingling after 15 minutes of exertion during soccer games that resolved with rest. Several nonoperative interventions, such as footwear modifications and inserts, failed to provide relief. MRI ruled out a stress fracture, and intercompartment pressure testing demonstrated elevated postexercise pressures in all 4 compartments bilaterally, confirming the indication for bilateral 4-compartment fasciotomy.Technique Description:With the patient in a supine position and without a regional block or tourniquet, both legs were prepped and draped for full exposure. Anatomical landmarks were marked for lateral and medial approaches. Limited (4 cm) longitudinal incisions allowed sequential release of anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior compartments using a combination of blunt dissection, careful nerve identification, and push-cut technique with Metzenbaum scissors, with careful consideration and protection of nerves. Finger palpation was frequently utilized to ensure the completion of the fasciotomies. Wounds were irrigated, closed with nylon sutures, and dressed with sterile coverings and transparent dressings.Results:The patient returned to sports (RTS) within 3 months of surgery and has remained asymptomatic. Based on the literature, operative CECS patients can expect to RTS within 6 to 12 weeks. However, large-cohort data indicate variable sex-specific outcomes, with some studies showing lower RTS rates in females (75%) compared to males (97%), despite lower reported postoperative pain severity in women.Discussion/Conclusion:After attempted nonoperative intervention, bilateral 4-compartment fasciotomy utilizing the technique demonstrated is an effective surgical option for adolescent females with CECS. Given the conflicting literature on sex-based outcomes, further prospective, sex-inclusive research is warranted to clarify prognostic factors and optimize rehabilitation protocols for female athletes.Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1177/03635465261441255
- May 11, 2026
- The American journal of sports medicine
- Dane C Peckston + 5 more
Anterior shoulder instability is a frequent and often career-limiting problem in contact sports. Surgical intervention is frequently required to restore stability and reduce the risk of recurrence. Arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) and the Latarjet procedure are widely used, but direct comparative data in contact athletes remain limited. To compare clinical outcomes, recurrence, complications, and return-to-sport (RTS) timelines between ABR and the Latarjet procedure in contact athletes. Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting recurrence, revision, complications, RTS, and functional outcomes in contact athletes undergoing primary ABR or the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability. In total, 29 studies involving 2103 patients (1443 ABR, 660 Latarjet) were included in this analysis. The Latarjet procedure demonstrated a lower recurrence rate (7% vs 15%; P = .014) but similar revision rates (6% for the Latarjet procedure vs 7% for ABR; P = .402). ABR was associated with fewer complications (2% vs 8%; P < .0001). Both procedures achieved high RTS rates (89% for ABR vs 86% for the Latarjet approach) and similar rates of return to the same level of play (78% vs 76%), with no differences under random-effects models. The mean time to RTS was comparable (5.34 months for ABR vs 5.88 months for the Latarjet procedure; P = .365). Pooled postoperative Rowe scores (89.48 for Bankart; 87.41 for the Latarjet procedure; P = .27) and Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System scores were also similar, indicating good functional recovery across both groups. This meta-analysis shows that the Latarjet procedure provides lower recurrence, although at the cost of higher complication risk. ABR offers a safer perioperative profile but with greater risk of recurrent instability. Despite these differences, both procedures achieve comparable revision rates, functional outcomes, RTS rates, and time to return. Procedure selection should therefore be individualized, balancing the athlete's risk of recurrence, tolerance of complications, and performance goals.
- New
- Research Article
- 10.1002/arj.70217
- May 11, 2026
- Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
- Jay Moran + 1 more
Editorial Commentary: Return to Sport Is Not the Finish Line: Raising the Bar for Long-Term Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy in Athletes.
- Research Article
- 10.1007/s00113-026-01714-x
- May 8, 2026
- Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)
- Christoph Andreas Oratsch + 1 more
This retrospective study investigates functional fitness and return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at an acute care hospital. ACL injury often leads to functional knee impairment. Modern rehabilitation focuses on individualized, functional criteria rather than fixed time intervals to ensure asafe RTS. What is the functional and psychological status of patients approximately 1year postsurgery based on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), ACL-RSI (RSI: Return to Sport after Injury scale), and RTS tests? Which factors influence the return to sport? A total of 149 patients (aged 18-60) with isolated ACL reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed using KOOS, ACL-RSI, and astandardized test battery (including strength, jumping ability, and balance). The Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) with a90% cut-off was used for functional assessment. Significant and clinically relevant improvements in pain, function, and psychological readiness were observed across all age groups, especially in sports participation and quality of life. Limited single-leg jumping performance, especially in middle adulthood, and functional deficits under fatigue proved to be key limiting factors for athletic performance. Return to sport was significantly influenced by subjective sports function and psychological readiness, which were strongly correlated (KOOS Sport-ACL-RSI: ρ = 0.56; p < 0.001), while objective functional parameters such as single-leg jump performance were moderately or weakly associated. The combination of objective tests and psychological evaluation is essential for asafe RTS. Rehabilitation should specifically address functional deficits in middle-aged individuals.
- Research Article
- 10.1007/s12178-026-10031-0
- May 8, 2026
- Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine
- Alexander C Hayden + 2 more
Arthroscopic labral repair, including Bankart and related capsulolabral and bony augmentation procedures, are the mainstay treatment for anterior shoulder instability in young, active patients but is limited by clinically meaningful failure rates. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence to define patient-, lesion-, and technique-related risk factors for failure after arthroscopic labral repair and links these risks to functional outcomes, return-to-sport (RTS), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to guide counseling and procedure selection. Recurrent instability after modern arthroscopic Bankart repair ranges from approximately 15-30% at mid- to long-term follow-up, with age < 20 years emerging as a dominant predictor of failure. Glenohumeral bone loss, off-track or near-track Hill-Sachs lesions and joint hyperlaxity increase risk for failure. Technical factors such as using fewer than three anchors, and suboptimal anchor placement are linked to failure. Across adult, pediatric, and athletic cohorts, stable shoulders achieve good-to-excellent PROMs and high RTS rates, whereas recurrent instability worsens patient satisfaction. Failure after arthroscopic labral repair is driven by several patient- and surgical technique-specific risk factors. Quantification of bone loss and glenoid track, and incorporation of tools such as the Instability Severity Index Score and Pittsburgh Instability Tool can stratify risk and identify patients who may benefit from bone augmentation or remplissage. Despite high lifetime recurrence in some subgroups, most patients without failure achieve durable improvements in pain, function, and RTS, underscoring the importance of tailoring surgical strategy to individual risk profiles to optimize stability and PROMs over the long term.
- Research Article
- 10.1136/archdischild-2025-329687
- May 8, 2026
- Archives of disease in childhood
- Maria Örtqvist + 8 more
To determine the prevalence of significant motor difficulties at 12 years of age in children born extremely preterm (EPT, <28 weeks' gestational age) compared with term-born peers and to identify associated risk factors and comorbidities. Population-based cohort study. National cohort from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study, including children born from 2004 to 2007. Children born <27 weeks' gestational age without cerebral palsy and/or severe neurodevelopmental impairment and term-born controls. Motor function was assessed at 12 years using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (MABC-2). Logistic regression identified risk factors for motor difficulties. Prevalence of significant motor difficulties, defined as scores ≤fifth percentile on MABC-2. A total of 268 EPT-born and 196 term-born children were assessed. Significant motor difficulties were found in 30% of EPT-born children compared with 3% of term-born peers (adjusted OR 16.99; 95% CI 6.64 to 43.47). Male sex and lower gestational age were independently associated with higher risk. Among EPT-born children with motor difficulties, comorbidities were common, including autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. Only 9.5% of affected children had received physiotherapy in the previous year. Children born EPT, even in the absence of cerebral palsy and/or severe neurodevelopmental impairment, have a markedly increased risk of motor difficulties and associated neurodevelopmental comorbidities by age 12. Structured follow-up into mid-school age is essential to enable timely interventions.
- Research Article
- 10.1038/s41398-026-04036-z
- May 8, 2026
- Translational psychiatry
- Mingrun Shi + 11 more
Sensory and motor difficulties are common in autism. Altered excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance is a putative framework for understanding atypical sensory and motor function. We investigated whether sensory differences of autism mediate motor difficulties of autism via differences in E-I balance. 106 children were included in the study (Autism n = 44, Typical development children (TDC) n = 62, age 10.32 ± 1.49). E-I balance was assessed through magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), quantifying Glutamate and Glutamine (Glx) and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and thalamus (Thal). Sensory function was evaluated using both objective vibrotactile perceptual sensitivity assessments and subjective parent ratings via the Sensory Experience Questionnaire (SEQ). Motor ability was assessed objectively through the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second edition (MABC-2) and the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS). Our findings reveal that lower sensory reactivity and lower tactile thresholds are both predictive of better motor ability (Rsig range between 0.32 and 0.57) with higher sensory scores reflecting poorer sensory filtering predicting worse motor function (Rsig range -0.22 and -0.63). We identified significant associations between MRS-measured Glx and GABA+ levels and sensory reactivity (p < 0.001). Importantly, sensory reactivity sub-scores were found to fully mediate E-I balance to motor associations in domain-specific patterns: Hyper-reactivity mediated the impact of SM1 Glx levels, while hypo-reactivity mediated the impact of SM1 GABA levels. Additionally, sensory seeking mediated the impact of Thalamic GABA levels with all indirect paths ab p < 0.01. These results propose a model where regional metabolite-specific markers of E-I balance explain patterns of autism-associated sensory and motor difficulties, and where subsequently, distinct sensory phenotypes differentially mediate metabolite-motor associations (see Graphical Abstract for detail).
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.jos.2026.04.005
- May 7, 2026
- Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
- Ryoto Kura + 6 more
Clinical outcomes and return to sports following medial malleolar stress fractures in adolescent athletes.
- Research Article
- 10.1109/tbme.2026.3691128
- May 7, 2026
- IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
- Seth Donahue + 5 more
This study evaluates the calibration and accuracy of a probabilistic MMMC method. Video-based human movement analysis holds potential for movement assessment in clinical practice and research. However, the clinical implementation and trust of multi-view markerless motion capture (MMMC) require that, in addition to being accurate, these systems produce reliable confidence intervals to indicate how accurate they are for any individual. Building on our prior work utilizing variational inference to estimate estimate biomechanical variables against clinical gold-standards. We analyzed data from 68 participants across two institutions, validating the model against an instrumented walkway and standard marker-based motion capture. We measured the calibration of the confidence intervals using the Expected Calibration Error (ECE). the model demonstrated reliable calibration, yielding ECE values generally $< 0.1$ for both step and stride length and bias-corrected gait kinematics. We observed a median step and stride length error of $\sim 16$ mm and $\sim 12$ mm respectively, with median bias-corrected kinematic errors ranging from $1.5^{\circ }$ to $3.8^{\circ }$ across lower extremity joints. Consistent with the calibrated ECE, the magnitude of the model's predicted uncertainty correlated strongly with observed error measures. These findings indicate that, as designed, the probabilistic model reconstruction quantifies epistemic uncertainty, shown by low absolute error and calibrated uncertainty. These findings highlight the potential to identify unreliable outputs without the need for concurrent ground-truth instrumentation through the use of this probabilistic model.