Hair Retention Research Articles

CMIT / MIT used in hair styling products Study on safety review and improvement of management system

Although the domestic cosmetics industry is growing rapidly, there are consumer cases that have suffered from the use of hair styling products containing CMIT/MIT recently due to insufficient management of harmful substances in cosmetics. In addition, exposure to harmful substances has spread as a result of the damage caused by the public health has emerged as a risk factor, increased consumption of cosmetics and consumers’ use of safe products. Therefore, this study compares and analyzes the regulations of CMIT/MIT in order to reduce the exposure of cosmetics to the public, and suggests cases of CMIT/MIT violation in cosmetics. First, lack of awareness of harmful factors and lack of identification of damage cases for CMIT/MIT added. Second, hair products have a wide average surface area of exposed skin, absorbed into the body through scalp, etc., and affect long-term hair retention. Therefore, the hazard component management for related products should be more thoroughly performed. Third, the safety management should be continuously strengthened according to the thorough system so that the violation of the standard among cosmetic raw materials and manufacturing process techniques is not detected.

Scalp Cooling Alopecia Prevention trial (SCALP) for patients with early stage breast cancer.

10088 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the risk of recurrence. However, it has distressing side effects, including alopecia. There are no randomized trials assessing modern scalp cooling to prevent alopecia, and success rates in non-randomized trials have varied. Methods: We conducted a multi-center randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Orbis Paxman Hair Loss Prevention System (OPHLPS) in reducing chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Women with stage I-II breast cancer planned to receive anthracycline- or taxane- based chemotherapy for at least four cycles were eligible and randomized in a 2:1 ratio to scalp-cooling or control. Scalp-cooling was done with the OPHLPS 30 minutes prior to, during and 90 minutes after each chemotherapy. The primary efficacy endpoints were hair preservation and device safety. We planned to enroll 235 subjects to provide 85% power to detect a 20% difference in hair preservation. Secondary endpoints included wig/scarf use and quality of life assessed by the EORTC QLQ-30, HADS and BIS. Subjects will be followed for 5 years for recurrence, overall survival, and site of recurrence. One interim analysis was planned to allow the study to stop early for efficacy after 142 subjects were enrolled and evaluable for the primary endpoint. To maintain the overall type 1 error rate, an O’Brien-Fleming spending function was used (interim boundary p = 0.0061). Results: This is the first randomized trial with modern scalp cooling in the world. For the interim analysis, 142 subjects were evaluable. Among them, 48 (50.5%) out of 95 in the cooling group and 0 (0%) out of 47 in the control group had hair preservation. The one-tailed p-value from the Fisher’s exact test is < 0.0001, which crosses the superiority boundary (p = 0.0061). Thus on 9/26/2016 the DSMB stopped the study early. The interim analysis was presented at SABCS 2016. There are 195 subjects enrolled on this clinical trial, and the final subject will be evaluable for the primary outcome February 2017. The final analysis will be presented. Conclusions: Our trial showed that scalp cooling using OPHLPS is highly effective in hair retention. Paxman Coolers has applied for FDA clearance for the OPHLPS based on the results of the interim analysis. Clinical trial information: NCT01986140.

Men's body depilation: An exploratory study of United States college students’ preferences, attitudes, and practices

Young men in Western cultures frequently engage in body depilation practices, but little is known regarding how such bodies are perceived. This exploratory study asked United States college students (N=238) to view six pictures of the same male body with different amounts of visible body hair and to indicate which body was most sexually attractive to themselves, to most men, and to most women. Both men and women chose a relatively hairless male body as the most sexually attractive. Women, however, thought men would choose a hairier body than men actually did. Most of the men reduced or removed body hair, especially from the pubic area. Questionnaire responses indicated that men and women had similar attitudes toward men's body hair, with both hair reduction and hair retention being socially acceptable. Men's body depilation, while still optional, may be becoming normative, at least among United States college students.

A pair of transmembrane receptors essential for the retention and pigmentation of hair

Hair follicles are simple, accessible models for many developmental processes. Here, using mutant mice, we show that Bmpr2, a known receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps), and Acvr2a, a known receptor for Bmps and activins, are individually redundant but together essential for multiple follicular traits. When Bmpr2/Acvr2a function is reduced in cutaneous epithelium, hair follicles undergo rapid cycles of hair generation and loss. Alopecia results from a failure to terminate hair development properly, as hair clubs never form, and follicular retraction is slowed. Hair regeneration is rapid due to premature activation of new hair-production programs. Hair shafts differentiate aberrantly due to impaired arrest of medullary-cell proliferation. When Bmpr2/Acvr2a function is reduced in melanocytes, gray hair develops, as melanosomes differentiate but fail to grow, resulting in organelle miniaturization. We conclude that Bmpr2 and Acvr2a normally play cell-type-specific, necessary roles in organelle biogenesis and the shutdown of developmental programs and cell division.

The structural implications of water hardness metal uptake by human hair

Human hair can extract significant levels of calcium and magnesium, water hardness metals, from tap water immediately following chemical treatments and during hygiene practices. We have previously shown that this uptake is primarily a function of the condition of the hair. Depending on the extent of chemical damage, the hair can extract notable amounts of water hardness metals even from soft water. As water hardness metals concentrate primarily in the cuticle layers of the hair fibre, it is hypothesized that their presence will affect the structural properties that are chiefly driven by the cuticle. We examined hair mechanics and styling by technical measures of single-fibre torsional and tensile properties, combability and style retention as a function of the calcium and magnesium content of virgin and bleached hair. Our work has indicated that water hardness can affect hair properties. Fibre stiffening was induced by the presence of water hardness metals inside the fibres of both virgin and bleached hair. A reduction in combing forces was also observed, and this effect is believed to be a result of the stiffening. The style retention of virgin hair was improved by water hardness metals, whereas that of bleached hair was slightly reduced.

천연염료에 의한 모발염색에서 용매의 효과 (I)

Recently, there is a trend to utilize natural dyes in many dyeing fields. In this work, the effects of benzyl alcohol in human hair dyeing with cochineal, a natural dye, was investigated. We investigated the K/S value and color value of dyed hair, water retention of dyed hair, protein release-ability of dyed hair, and wash fastness of dyed hair according to dyeing time and temperature. The shade of dyed hair was reddish. By adding benzyl alcohol in cochineal dyeing, the dyeing rate was increased and the dyeing equilibrium was established at early stage. The water retention of dyed hair was increased and the protein release-ability of dyed hair was decreased, meaning that the hair was less damaged during dyeing, The dyed hair showed a good wash fastness.

Pulsed electrostatic fields (ETG) to reduce hair loss in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast carcinoma: a pilot study.

To determine whether specific pulsed electrostatic fields, or electrotrichogenesis (ETG), could potentially prevent or reduce hair loss in patients undergoing adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy for breast cancer. Thirteen women were followed during their adjuvant ETG and chemotherapy treatment to determine the efficacy of ETG. All patients were treated for 12 min, twice weekly with a pulsed electrostatic field. Quantitative hair loss was measured by photographic assessment, and manual hair count. Quality of life assessment was conducted at the end of the study. Twelve out of 13 participants had good hair retention throughout the chemotherapy period and afterwards. There were no reported side effects attributable to ETG. This study shows encouraging results in an area where no other appropriate treatment is available Reducing alopecia, secondary to chemotherapy has the potential to increase CMF treatment compliance, enhance patient self-esteem, and improve overall quality of life during this stressful period.

Epithelial Insert Trial for Retention of Prosthetic Hair Replacement

Introduction: Success in the retention of prosthetic teeth has led the author to believe that dental technology could be applied to scalp hair retention. The question to be answered is, “Can epithelial inserts work for prosthetic hair replacement?” Material and Methods: One volunteer was utilized to test the epithelial insert for prosthetic hair replacement. A pilot hole was drilled into the scalp on each side. On one side, a 5-mm mucosal insert was used, and on the other side, a 9-mm mucosal insert that engaged the underlying bone was utilized. Results: Pain, inflammation, discharge, and induration occurred in both implants. The implants were removed at the end of 6 weeks; there was no maturation of either one. Discussion: At the present time, epithelial inserts for retention of prosthetic hair replacement are not a viable option. Perhaps future studies can be designed to prevent the inflammatory and infectious process.

Pitfalls of autogenous lipodermal implantation to the orbit.

Autogenous kinetic lipodermal implantation in the orbit is an effective postenucleation procedure that gives optimal socket volume, motility, and cosmesis. The major complication of autogenous lipodermal implantation is graft atrophy. Other minor complications are infection, hair retention, conjunctival cysts, wound dehiscence, and suture granuloma. We presented a systematic description of the technique emphasizing prevention of complications by proper selection of patients, meticulously performed surgery, and appropriate postoperative management. In particular, attention should be paid to atraumatic dissection of the socket-respecting surgical anatomy, hemostasis, identification and placement of sutures in the extraocular muscles, atraumatic and aseptic manipulation of the graft, and proper anastomosis of the graft to the recipient bed.

The follicular biopsy.

The 'follicular biopsy' is an extension of the noninvasive 'surface biopsy' technique originated by Dawber and Marks. A quick-setting cyanoacrylate polymer is used to extract the contents of sebaceous follicles. The retrieved material can be examined histologically at the light or electron microscopic level. Many types of analyses may be performed; microbial density, lipid components (acne), mite population (Demodex), hair retention (trichostasis), penetration of topical drugs and chemicals, localization of enzymes, etc. The follicular biopsy is useful for studying the contents of sebaceous follicles in health and disease.

Interrelations between hair content, intravenous dose and retention of Cd in different rat tissues

The Cd content in induced hair decreases with time between Cd injection and hair induction. This decline in Cd deposition in newly grown hair is faster than can be attributed to its decline in the plasma. Deposition in the ventrally-induced hair is consistently higher than in the dorsal site. In spontaneously growing “normal” hair, the Cd content is low at the beginning and remains practically unchanged until the end of the experiment. The bulk of Cd is taken up by the liver right after injection. During the experiment (93 d) Cd in the whole body, liver, brain, peripheral blood cells and plasma decreases at different rates, whereas Cd in the kidney increases. The lower dose of Cd (0.125 μg per rat) is handled by the organism in the same way as the higher one (12.500 μg per rat), i.e., the amounts of Cd found in corresponding samples of the two dose groups of hair, total body, tissues and blood are proportional to the doses administered. A direct relationship between the behaviour of Cd concentrations in hair and that of the Cd content of the total body, the tissues or plasma, could not be found.

Whole-body and hair retention of cadmium in mice including an autoradiographic study on organ distribution.

The relationship between concentrations of cadmium in hair and in the whole body is of interest when discussing which biological sampling materials could be reliable indicators of cadmium accumulation in the body. When whole-body and hair concentrations of cadmium were followed at regular intervals up to 112 days after an intravenous injection of cadmium chloride tagged wih cadmium 109 in mice, a correlation coefficient of .99 was found. Retention of cadmium in different tissues was illustrated by organ assay and whole-body autoradiography and was especially pronounced in kidneys and pancreas.