Abstract Laser therapy is widely used in clinical applications such as dermatological treatments and local tumor ablation due to its non-invasiveness, controllable energy deposition, and strong spatial selectivity. Although theoretical models based on bioheat transfer and the Arrhenius damage criterion are well-established, several key issues remain unclear in quantitative prediction and model simplification. These include the relative contributions of temperature-dependent thermophysical parameters, the impact of lateral heat diffusion on damage extent, and the coupling mechanism between temperature dependence and model dimensionality (1D/2D). To address the aforementioned issues, a controlled computing framework is established in which dimensional (1D/2D) configurations and temperature-dependent treatments of thermophysical parameters with three-layered skin tissue as the research object. This framework is employed for systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of temperature fields and Arrhenius thermal damage, with the two-dimensional lateral damage width used to characterize the damage range. The research results indicate that temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is dominant factor affecting accuracy of thermal damage prediction in both 1D and 2D models. Neglecting thermal conductivity can lead to overestimation of lateral damage width by up to 0.2 millimeters and an advance of critical damage time by approximately 0.1 seconds in two-dimensional simulations. Besides, lateral heat diffusion in 2D calculations significantly amplifies errors in damage extent and critical time which stem from the assumption of constant thermal conductivity, and which further reveal the coupling between temperature dependence and dimensionality effects. This paper provides a theoretical foundation for parameter sensitivity analysis and uncertainty control in laser therapy damage prediction.

It has been a general consensus among EFL learners that reading is one of the most challenging skills to master fully through productive exposure to their target language. Its difficulty does not only lie in the ability to decode the meanings of certain words but also in interpreting the implicit meanings formed in the texts. For this reason, second language educators need to promote more interactive, joyful, and meaningful reading activities that enable EFL learners to experience a higher degree of enjoyment. This can be achieved through the conduct of extensive reading activities, in which language learners are deliberately given the freedom to select varied texts that interest them the most. The researchers initiated this qualitative library study to investigate the role of digital reading texts in promoting extensive reading activity. To do so, the researchers employed a thematic analysis approach in analysing the identical findings from 30 previously published digital reading texts and extensive reading articles. A thematic analysis approach was applied to generate more dependable, tenable, and sound research results, as the intended data would be grouped in similar themes. The research results, categorized thematically, revealed that digital reading texts are beneficial for promoting extensive reading activities in EFL classrooms, as they fostered exponential growth in reading proficiency and disseminated more lively literacy dynamics.

In this article, the author attempts to assess selected components of social capital in the context of stimulating social innovation in peripheral areas. The Middle Pomerania region serves as an empirical example. It is the region that is specific in terms of history and structure, which, despite the lack of formal delimitation in the administrative division, exhibits relative economic and social cohesion, while at the same time displaying high intra-regional diversity. The main objective of the article is to diagnose and assess the innovation potential of local communities operating within social organisations, which are main players in the creation of a regional innovation system. The results of the empirical research indicate that the peripherality of the region, although considered rather a dissimulating feature, can in itself be a catalyst for local activity. The inhabitants declare that the Middle Pomerania region, although peripheral, has sufficient social capital resources to create changes and social innovation. In her conclusions, the author suggests constant monitoring of the social capital in peripheral regions and encourages the building of relationships in the region through, among other things, supporting the activities of social organisations. These organisations can and should become stimulators of development for marginalised regions.

The research project "Semantic Field Etymology in German and in European Context – Man in Nature and Culture" (DWEE), funded by the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig and affiliated with the Department of Indo-Germanic Studies at the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, aims to make semantic change within the German lexicon accessible to systematic investigation within a broader European framework. Drawing on a curated, interactively accessible corpus and regular publication of research results, the project reveals synchronic and diachronic patterns of lexical and semantic change within the German lexicon by tracing the evolution of semantic fields from present-day German back to Old High German.

This research aims to analyze the management of ASWAJA based local content curriculum to build the character of students who are faithful, devout and noble. This is a case study approach descriptive qualitative research, carried out in religious-based educational institutions. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using data reduction. Result of research showed that at the planning stage, the curriculum was designed by determining Aswaja-based subjects, selecting competent teachers, and providing relevant learning resources. Curriculum implementation involves developing a syllabus, preparing lesson plans, and implementing learning methods that integrate Aswaja values. Evaluation is carried out reflectively and summatively to measure the success of curriculum implementation. However, several obstacles such as the lack of innovative learning methods and teacher rotation are challenges that needed to be overcome. This research confirmed that Aswaja values have strategic potential moderate, inclusive, based on local wisdom. For optimization, synergy is needed between educational institutions, the community and the government in ensuring the sustainability of local content curricula as a solution to face the moral crisis in the modern era.

Abstract. Introduction. The article highlights the problem of forming a stable value and normative framework among citizens in a globalizing world, a virtualized information space, and a transforming social structure. Pedagogy, as a system of methods and means of internalizing state-patriotic values that ensure national security, social stability and unity, plays an important role in the process of educating young people, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze state patriotism as a subject of pedagogical research. The methodological foundations of the study include subjective-personal, axiological and comparative-pedagogical approaches, which allow us to reveal the essential characteristics of state patriotism and its differences from other forms of patriotism. Research results. Within the framework of the stated goal, the article presents a detailed analysis of the content and conceptual foundations of state patriotism, identifies its structural components and functional aspects, and proposes strategic directions and practical recommendations for the formation of state-patriotic values in the younger generation. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to take into account global trends and transformations that affect state patriotism, since in the context of globalization and transformation of the political landscape, it is important to understand how this phenomenon adapts to new challenges and what factors contribute to its strengthening or weakening.

Problem statement. For conditions of asymmetric loads on underground structures caused by uneven weakening of rocks due to flooding and other natural and man-made factors, issues of substantiating rational forms and sizes of injection hardening zones require further comprehensive studies combining geomechanics, materials science and optimization methods. Purpose of the study. Justification of the parameters of injection rock hardening zones to improve the safety level of underground workings and buried structures under conditions of asymmetric loads on the support. Methods. Generalization of data on the asymmetry of loads on the support of underground structures; methodology for assessing the rock massif destruction; mathematical modeling using the finite element method. Research results. Hardening of rocks around underground workings and buried structures allows to reduce the probability of cracks, prevent the development of deformations and increase the overall resistance of objects to the impact of operational and natural loads. The issue of substantiation of rational forms and sizes of injection hardening zones for conditions of asymmetric loads on underground structures which are caused by uneven weakening of rocks due to flooding and other natural and man-made factors requires further research. The features of the formation process of loads asymmetry on the support of the underground structures are determined. The method of assessing the state of the polymer-saturated rock massif and forecasting its changes under the influence of certain measures to strengthen the rocks around the underground structure is substantiated. It has been established that rock hardening by means of injection and other hardening technologies allows for effective compensation of supporting deficiencies without a significant increase in capital expenditures. In addition, the use of various configurations and arrangement schemes of hardening zones allows for flexible adaptation to specific geological conditions, redistribution of stresses in rocks, reduction of their concentrations in potentially hazardous zones, prevention of local collapses, deformations and water inflows, which ensures long-term safe use of underground structures. For conditions of uneven loads on the supports, an asymmetric shape of the hard-ened zone is proposed, which can be used as a reserve for increasing the stability of the underground structure. It is established that the nearly elliptical shape of the hardened zone as an element of rock pressure control ensures an in-crease in the stability of the underground structure due to a 10‒35 % reduction in the inelastic deformation zone and a 0,5‒3,0 m deep displacement of the asymmetric support pressure zone. The displacement of the roof of the underground workings is reduced by 6‒13 % of the total displacements, and the workings floor by 7‒23 %. Scientific novelty. For the first time, in order to increase the level of safety in the operation of underground workings and buried structures under conditions of asymmetric loads on the support, patterns of changes in maximum principal stresses have been established when using various nearly elliptical shape of injection rock hardening zones. Practical significance. The proposed configurations of injection hardening zones reduce stress concentrations in rocks, which helps prevent sudden deformations of supports and ensure long-term safe use of underground structures.

Purpose This study aims to summarize the latest achievements in torque sensor fault diagnosis and provides the latest theoretical reference and practical guidance to ensure the safety and reliability of torque sensors. Design/methodology/approach The main faults of torque sensors and their failure causes are described, and based on the research results of fault diagnosis in the field of sensors, the techniques and strategies of torque sensor fault diagnosis are comprehensively introduced from the perspective of model-based to data-based, their respective advantages and disadvantages are comparatively analyzed, the challenges faced by the fault diagnosis of torque sensors are pointed out and future research and development trends in the field are proposed. Findings The main faults of torque sensors and their manifestations are given, the implementation process of model and data-based fault diagnosis of torque sensors is outlined, and its real-time, robustness, implementation and its accuracy in fault diagnosis are compared. Originality/value Comparison of torque sensor fault diagnosis techniques from a comprehensive perspective highlights the complementarities and correlations between the two, integrates technical challenges and future directions in the field and helps readers to design an efficient and cutting-edge research framework that promotes the development of more efficient, safe and reliable torque sensor fault diagnosis.

The Russian Federation operates an extensive transport infrastructure network comprising over 100,000 facilities of various types: bridges, tunnels, overpasses, road and railway stations. Each of these facilities is of strategic importance for ensuring the country’s transport security and requires comprehensive protection against potential threats of various kinds. Providing complete physical protection for all transport infrastructure facilities (hereinafter referred to as TIF) against all possible threats is a practically unfeasible task, primarily due to economic inexpediency and colossal financial costs. Consequently, the primary task becomes identifying priority facilities requiring enhanced attention in terms of security. To effectively manage the security of critical facilities, the development of a specialized system is proposed. This system would enable: tracking the current security status of facilities; promptly responding to changes in security threats; adapting protective measures in accordance with the current situation; and planning security enhancement measures based on the analysis of new risks. Implementing such a system will create a flexible and adaptive transport infrastructure protection framework capable of promptly responding to emerging threats and ensuring the necessary level of security for the most significant facilities. Purpose . Development of a comprehensive, multi‑level system for ensuring the security of TIF, capable of effectively countering modern threats and promptly adapting to changing conditions. Methods . The research involved analyzing the existing TIF categorization system, followed by the development of a hierarchical facility security assessment system and the creation of a mathematical framework for calculating resilience indicators. Results . The research yielded the following outcomes: a multi‑level hierarchical system for assessing facility security was developed; a comprehensive mathematical framework for calculating resilience indicators was created; a software solution for security management was proposed; and key performance indicators for the system were defined. Practical significance. The study’s practical significance lies in creating a system that enables: real‑time monitoring of facility security status; prompt identification of vulnerabilities and implementation of mitigation measures; generating a priority list of facilities for security system modernization; optimizing resource allocation for security provision; and establishing a unified security monitoring system. The developed system ensures an increased level of transport infrastructure security; reduced response time to threats; optimized security costs; improved coordination among various security services; capability for operational planning of measures; and transparency in security management. Conclusion . Implementing the proposed system will create a dynamic transport security management framework capable of promptly adapting to new threats and ensuring the necessary level of protection for critical TIF. The research results can be used in modernizing existing security systems and creating new TIF protection systems, as well as serving as a tool for managerial decision‑makingin the face of natural and man‑made threats.

Early marriage is marriage at a young age. The number of early marriages in Indonesia is increasing every year. This problem is caused by various factors, such as economic problems, customs, and education or values instilled by parents. The SDGs aim to empower women and eliminate the practice of underage marriage. However, this practice still frequently occurs in Indonesia. The research method used in this paper is a normative approach, supplemented by data obtained from searches related to early marriage. The primary legal material used is Law Number 16 of 2019. The purpose of this study is to determine the practice of early marriage in Indonesia and analyze Indonesia's role in realizing the fifth goal regarding gender equality of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the research results, the legal protection provided is still repressive. Therefore, there are several suggestions: the need for a review of the marriage law, the need for public education regarding the impact of early marriage, and the integration of national policies to prevent early marriage within the framework of achieving the SDGs by 2030.

Poverty is a problem that often occurs and is a fundamental problem in almost all developing countries, including Indonesia. The Nusa Tenggara region consists of two administrative regions, namely the Provinces of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) which have high poverty rates. The increase in the number of poor people was caused by several indicators such as environmental conditions, education, income, health, access to goods and services, and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the best method in the process of classifying poverty with the cluster analysis method. The methods used in this study are the average linkage and K-Means cluster analysis methods, as well as the silhouette index method in terms of cluster validation to obtain the best cluster analysis method. The data used is poverty data for the Nusa Tenggara Region in 2021 which includes four poverty sectors, namely employment, education, health, and housing and the environment. Based on the research results, the best method for grouping is the K-Means cluster analysis method by forming three clusters where the first cluster consists of 3 districts/cities, the second cluster consists of 22 districts/cities, and the third cluster consists of 7 districts/cities. The K-Means cluster analysis method is the best method with the highest silhouette index value of 0.28, higher than the average linkage method which obtained a silhouette index value of 0.27.

ABSTRACT The study presents the results of qualitative research into the concept of spiritual literacy as understood by forest preschool educators and its integration into educational processes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The main thematic motifs highlight the personal journey towards spirituality, the perception of spirituality, the specifics of children’s spirituality, a love for nature, and the development of spiritual literacy in preschool education. The findings indicate that some educators regard spiritual literacy as an important element of children’s personal development, while others focus more on practical activities related to nature and creative learning. The integration of spiritual literacy into the educational process is understood as a means to support the overall development of the child and to enhance their personal and social skills.

Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematological system characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. It often presents with anemia， bleeding tendency， infection risk and organ invasion. These clinical symptoms bring severe survival risks to patients. Although traditional chemotherapy regimens are effective in the treatment of some hematological malignancies， their efficacy is limited for elderly patients， those with high-risk genetic characteristics or comorbidities. In recent years， targeted drugs have revolutionized the treatment of leukemia. By selectively inducing tumor cell apoptosis， they have significantly improved the remission rate and survival prognosis of patients with multiple leukemia subtypes. Venetoclax is a B-cell lymphoma 2 （BCL-2） inhibitor and plays an important role in the clinical treatment of hematological malignancies， such as acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition， it also shows potential efficacy in other hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Although the efficacy of venetoclax is remarkable， the individual differences in blood drug concentration are significant due to factors such as drug interactions， polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes， and liver and kidney function. Venetoclax exhibits significant inter-individual pharmacokinetic differences， the trough concentration is significantly correlated with the treatment response， and if the peak concentration exceeds the warning concentration， adverse reactions will be triggered. Clinical trials have reported a variety of adverse events associated with venetoclax， including neutropenia， tumor lysis syndrome， thrombocytopenia， infection， anemia， diarrhea， nausea， upper respiratory tract infection， cough and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore， to minimize the risk of adverse events in the clinical use of venetoclax as much as possible， it is necessary to reasonably guide its clinical dosage. Therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize individual dosing regimens by measuring the steady-state concentration in patients' blood. This research aims to establish a rapid， sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method. This method is used for the quantitative determination of venetoclax in plasma， and its performance was validated. This method employs an electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） in the positive ion mode to detect venetoclax and its isotope internal standard venetoclax-d8. Methanol was used for protein precipitation， C18 reversed-phase chromatographic column was used for liquid phase separation. Gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min， the run time was 3.5 min， and the retention time of venetoclax was 1.95 min. The analysis time is short， facilitationg the rapid determination of clinical samples. Dosage escalation is commonly adopted in the treatment of venetoclax. In this study， a pretreatment approach involving extraction followed by dilution was used. This methodincreased the upper limit of quantification and expanded the linear range. The linear range of venetoclax was 50-10 000 ng/mL， r2>0.999. The method had good specificity. The intra-run precision and inter-run precision were 1.8%-4.5% and 2.7%-6.1%， respectively， the recoveries were 100.3%-102.9%， the matrix effects ranged from 88.0% to 111.0%， and the carryover was less than 20% of the minimum concentration of linear range. This method was applied to the therapeutic drug monitoring of venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia （AML） patients， and the peak and trough concentrations of venetoclax were obtained for different patients to monitor their blood drug concentration. The above research results indicate that this method can accurately and robustly quantify venetoclax in human plasma， which helps address the drug monitoring needs of leukemia patients receiving venetoclax treatment and guide clinical personalizd therapy.

Enhancing bone regeneration: The role of short fiber reinforced hydrogel with CO2-controlled release on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Low-voltage traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor based on piezoelectric bimorph.

How can a micro-level communication training intervention help medical students learn about patient-centered care and empathy? Qualitative results of a design-based research

Distinguishing between nursing competency and education in clinical health care is multidimensional. The NYU Langone Health Nursing Education and Competency Algorithm (NE-CA) was developed to guide competency identification. A qualitative study was conducted to elicit dialogue through focus groups to identify themes specifically related to use of the NE-CA. The results of this qualitative research include four major themes: algorithm, competency, competency assessment process, and education. Findings from the focus groups support the application of the NE-CA by clinical nurse educators, professional registered nurses, and organizational stakeholders guiding competency and education.

Infrared spectral signatures of nucleobases in interstellar ices II: Pyrimidines.

How does the connected AR-HUD warning system affect lane-changing strategies during freeway abandoned object events: A survival analysis approach.

Genetic research on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) receives disproportionate public attention compared to the limited depth of existing research. However, newer genetically informative datasets include more detailed measures of SOGI than were previously available, establishing the potential for rapid expansion of research in this area. Prior research on the relationship between genetic knowledge and social attitudes related to genetics research suggests the potential to both reduce stigma and reify genetic determinism, highlighting the need to explore stakeholder opinions regarding the impacts of genetics research. We explored public attitudes toward and anticipated risks and benefits of SOGI genetic research. Survey responses from 338 participants were collected via social media. In regression analyses, higher scores on genetic knowledge were related to more negative attitudes toward SOGI genetics research (β = -0.16) and participants who held sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) identities had more negative attitudes toward SOGI genetic research than non-SGM participants (β = -0.17). In qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions, participants expressing a diverse range of formal scientific training and political attitudes consistently questioned the usefulness of SOGI genetic research. Ethical concerns were described as unresolvable, both in broad terms and concerning specific applications that are currently plausible, especially related to data privacy and politicizing research results, regardless of the content. We discuss public attitudes toward SOGI genetic research in the context of the broader literature on the social, legal, and ethical implications of behavior genetics research and provide recommendations for planning and communicating SOGI genetics research.