Results Of Experimental Research Research Articles

Rheological properties of polymer solutions and ways to improve the efficiency of development of high-viscosity oil fields in Uzbekistan

The results of experimental research on studying the filtration properties of polymer solutions and the mechanism of the displacement process in porous medium were presented in this article. The methodology of experimental studies in a specially designed laboratory setup is given. In the present work the rheological properties of polymer K-9 are considered. At the same time, the relaxation time of viscoelastic particles of K-9 polymer filtered in porous medium is experimentally found. Also, the results of experimental studies on oil displacement of fields with high content of asphaltene-resinous substances by polymer solutions on artificially created reservoir models to determine the optimal concentration of polymer solution and the size of the rim with the purpose of increasing oil recovery. Experimental studies on displacement of high-viscosity oils with a thickened water rim established that this method gives the greatest increase in water-free and ultimate oil recovery of reservoirs, within the range of change in the concentration of polymer solution 0.2-0.4%, with the size of the rim more than 70% of the oil saturated volume of the reservoir. Studies on displacement of high-viscosity oils by polymer solutions show that the use of this method of increasing oil recovery factor in practice is not always economically feasible, because of the need to ensure high injection pressures and high concentration of expensive polymer solution.

РОЛЬ ЭТИКИ ДЕЛОВОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ДЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ БУДУЩИХ ПЕДАГОГОВ

The article actualizes the problem of improving the quality of professional education through the development of future teachers’ deontological preparedness in the context of researches. Approaches to understanding the subject matter of business communication ethics and deontological preparedness are defined. The purpose of the study is to estimate the importance of business communication ethics in the development of deontological preparedness of future teachers. Theoretical and empirical methods of research were used. The theoretical analysis and the results of experimental researches have proved that one of the important standards of the quality of a teacher’s education is deontological preparedness. The development of deontological preparedness in future teachers can be considered as an effective means of improving the quality of teacher education.

Повышение ресурса тяговой зубчатой передачи грузового электровоза изменением геометро-кинематических параметров в зацеплении

The increase of a traction rolling stock nodes resource is always a priority for domestic locomotive construction. In recent years, there is a very actual problem of the quality of the engagement of a traction gear transmission for electric freight DC locomotives 2ES6. Wear as extreme as uneven in height or thickness, formed as a result, eventually distorts the involute profile, increases the transmission side gap which leads to increased dynamic loads and results cracks formation, chips, and fractures on the teeth. To solve the problem, the impact of the geometrical parameters of gearwheels on specific pressure in the engagement is researched. Calculation formulas and recommendations on the value of the coefficient of specific pressure within the teeth contact are suggested. The initial traction gear transmission of the electric freight locomotive 2ES6 is imitated and verified with the results of experimental researches. The use of non-standard initial circuit to increase the resource of the gear transmission of the electric freight locomotive 2ES6 is suggested. Comparative analyses of the initial and optimized transmissions is conducted within the suggested geometric-kinematical method of the evaluation of the engagement quality which confirms the complexed optimization.

Kritički osvrt na vezove sa spriječenim izvijanjem dijagonala

Currently, buckling restrained braces are gaining popularity in earthquake resistant designs. These braces facilitate stable hysteretic behaviour with a non-buckling steel core encased in a steel tube, which is filled with concrete or mortar. However, in the last few years, researchers have observed that there is no need for the filler material and these braces can be made of steel. This paper presents a summary of buckling restrained braces on the grounds of numerical and experimental research results and attempts to summarize the basic design provisions according to the American standards and recommendations from the available research. The paper also discusses the concept, stability criteria, initial and post stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, failure modes observed, and the practical applications of buckling restrained braces, followed by conclusions and future suggestions for the development of these braces.

Energy saving potato-digger machines

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on the substantiation of the parameters of the working bodies of energy-saving potato diggers for irrigated lands in Uzbekistan. The developed design diagrams of energy-saving potato diggers and diagrams of their technological process with an indication of the main parameters are described. The rational parameters of the digging machines, which ensure the minimum energy consumption when digging potatoes, have been determined. The parameters of the supporting-clod-breaking device were optimized. The rational parameters of the ripper and the swathe were found. Comparative tests indicated an increase in the degree of soil separation in the summer and autumn periods, respectively, by 19.2-23.6% and 17.9-19.8%, an increase in the completeness of potato harvesting by 6.5-10.0% and 7.1- 8.9%, a decrease in the degree of damage to tubers by 8.4- 11.1% and 4.7-5.3%, an increase in the productivity of the unit by 25.0%, a decrease in labor costs by 60.0%, and operating costs for 31.5% when using an experimental potato-digger machine with the recommended parameters of the equip. The use of the recommended walk-behind tractor with an improved technology potato-digger reduces damage to tubers by 5-6%, increases productivity by 20%, reduces labor costs by 50%, and operating costs by 19%.

Results of theoretical and experimental researches about determination the corn seed separator sieve parameters of the corn-thresher machine

For use in Uzbek fields, a novel sort of corn-thresher machine was created and tested. To separate the cornhusks from the pods, the peeler bars were positioned symmetrically on the cornthresher machine’s rotor surface. However, around 4-5 percent grain was going out from machine’s outlet for pith and husk when the corn thresher was tested experimentally. It was decided to create the sieve in order to save losing grain from outlet. We observed the sieve theoretically to determine the optimal parameters for the corn thresher. The corn thresher machine was equipped with specific grain separator sieve in front of outlet. Some experimental researches were carried out to define optimal parameters of the sieve for developed corn-thresher machine. Minimal amount of grain and impurities in the grain that coming from outlet is ensured during the technological process of the machine. The corn-thresher machine uses the least amount of metal and energy while functioning qualitatively. The corn-thresher machine weighs 400 kg, uses 5 KW of power, and can process 4600 kg of grain per hour in pure time.

Usage of irrigation elements by means of water-efficient technology in irrigating intensive apple gardens through soil and dynamics of seeping moisture

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on the cultivation of intensive orchards with the method of watering through the soil. These methods and elements are for the first time applied to intensive gardens. During the research, we studied both the movement and height of the wetting contour over time H, the radius of the width L, and the curve area of the irrigation norm W m3/ha were relatively chosen.

A review on hazards and risks to pipeline operation under transporting hydrogen energy and hydrogen-mixed natural gas

As an efficient and clean fuel, hydrogen energy plays an important role in relieving the energy crisis and achieving the orientation of zero carbon emissions. Transportation is the key link in the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure. For large-scale and long-distance transportation of hydrogen, pipeline transportation has the advantages of high efficiency and cost saving. While using the existing natural gas pipeline to transport hydrogen, it would economize the economic cost, time cost and labor cost. However, the transportation of hydrogen may bring more hazards and risks. Based on the investigation of a large number of literatures, the research advance in hydrogen embrittlement, leakage, combustion and explosion risk of hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipelines was reviewed. The mechanism, research means and evaluation methods of hydrogen embrittlement, as well as the experimental and numerical simulation research results of leakage, combustion and explosion were discussed in detail. The definite and important conclusions include: (1) For buried hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation pipeline, the leakage rate of hydrogen and methane is the same, the formation of the leakage crater is foreign to the nature of leakage gas. (2) When adding less than 25 volume percentage of hydrogen into the natural gas pipelines, the explosion risk would not be increased. Future research should focus on the risk prediction, quantitative risk assessment, intelligent monitoring, and explosion-suppression technical measures of hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas transportation pipelines, so as to establish comprehensive and multi-level pipeline safety protection barriers.

RESEARCH OF COMPLEX ADDITIVE INFLUENCE ON PROPERTIES OF CEMENT TREATED GRANULAR MIXES OF IRON TAILINGS

Summary. Practicability of granular mixes of iron tailings treated with cement and complex additives (basalt fiber and cationic latex) application for construction of road pavements has been studied by the results of experimental research of compressive strength, splitting strength, maximum structural strength and temperature crack-resistance index. Simultaneous application of basalt fiber and cationic latex to the composition of granular mix of iron tailings treated with cement has been found to increase compressive strength and splitting strength. It was proved that the material modified with basalt fiber and cationic latex had lower structural defect index compared to the material treated with cement only. Addition of basalt fiber to granular mix from iron tailings treated with cement or both basalt fiber and cationic latex results in higher crack-resistance as indicated by increase of the maximum structural strength and the temperature crack-resistance index. Keywords: granular mix, cationic aqueous latex, basalt fiber, iron tailings, compressive strength, splitting strength, structural defect index, maximum structural strength, temperature crack-resistance index.

Processing results of experimental research and simulation using the Monte–Carlo method

Processing results of experimental research and simulation using the Monte–Carlo method

Substantiation of the rotary pin installation's working bodies parameters for processing of dried grapes

The article offers the results of experimental research, the influence of the number of revolutions of the plate and the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate, internal, and external diameters and heights of pins installed on the plate of a rotary pin installation, as well as the humidity of dried grapes on показателейits performance indicators. When determining the influence of the speed of the plate on the performance of the device, the speed of the plate changed from 200 min-1 to 350 min-1 with an interval of 50 min-1. As well as determining the influence of the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate on the performance indicators, that when the angle of inclination of the side wall of the plate changes from 25 ° to 35 °, the degree of cleaning and loss of dried grapes increased, and the degree of damage decreased. An increase in this angle from 35 ° to 40 ° resulted in a decrease in the degree of peeling and loss of dried grapes, as well as an increase in the degree of damage to them. And at an angle of inclination of 35 ° or more, the probability of getting discarded dried grapes on the walls of the device increases, which negatively affects its quality indicators.

Multi-level computer systems for automation of scientific research

The article is devoted to multi-level computer systems used to automate scientific research. The authors show that to automate scientific research, it is important to correctly formulate the composition of hardware and software for experimental installations and test benches. Automation means include structural devices and measuring instruments. Correct functioning of the hardware and software complex ensures the acquisition of new characteristics. The analysis of the values of these characteristics depends directly on the metrological equipment, as well as on computer processing of the measurement results. The automation of scientific research can significantly increase the objectivity and reliability of the results of experimental research, since during research a series of tests are performed. Thus, the computer technologies used make it possible to organize hardware and software support for the automation of scientific research, which ensures, over a fixed period of time, the minimization of measurement errors with limited time resources. Moreover, during this period of time, due to automation, a sufficient amount of data is collected to prove the reliability of the results obtained. This is achieved through the construction of multilevel automation systems with coordination of the work of multiple objects distributed geographically.

Research Results of Municipal Sewage Sludge Applied for Building Material Production

The study presents the experimental results on the use of ash obtained as a result of incineration of municipal sewage sludge from the water utility of Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, for construction material production. Research methods are given and the results of strength tests of building material samples are given. The impact of the manufactured samples of construction materials on the ecology of the surrounding space and human health is assessed. To achieve the set objectives of the research laboratory experiment and determination of indicators of investigated values of sludge, ash and water extracts with the use of devices and measuring instruments are used. On the basis of the research laboratories of Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University and MUE “IzhVodokanal” of the Udmurt Republic experimental studies on incineration of sewage sludge and the use of the resulting ash as a substituting or modifying component of the construction mixture in the manufacture of experimental samples of ceramics, cement-sand mortar and concrete were carried out. Methodology of manufacturing and algorithm of ceramic (fired) and cement-based (nonfired) testing specimens are presented. Measuring means for determination of gamma-radiation intensity indices of ash, cement and their influence on human health are used. The algorithm of experimental research, applied energy-efficient techniques used in the experiment and analysis of the obtained experimental results are presented. The analysis of experimental research results of ceramic and cement-based products, as well as the analysis of radiation safety, migration of heavy metals is presented. The energy-efficient methodology of sewage sludge utilization and further ways of applying ash as an environmental and resource-saving component used in manufacturing of experimental building materials are considered.

Pengaruh Rasio Crude Enzim Selulase Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger terhadap Kadar Gula dan Bioetanol Fermentasi Kulit Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Menggunakan Zymomonas mobilis

The need for fuel oil in Indonesia is increasing along with the increase in the number of people's consumption in the fields of transportation, industry, and economy. While the source of petroleum fuel in Indonesia is running low. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize alternative energy, namely bioethanol. Bioethanol can be produced from organic waste that contains high cellulose, one of which is peanut shells. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of crude cellulase enzyme Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger on sugar and ethanol content of peanut shell fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis, and to determine the ratio of crude cellulase enzyme that produces the highest sugar and ethanol content of peanut shell fermentation using Z. mobilis. This research is an experimental study with independent variables, namely the ratio of crude cellulase enzyme T. reesei : A. niger (0:0), (1:0), (0:1), (1:1), (1:2), (2:1), (1:3), and (3:1) and the dependent variable of sugar and biethanol content. Data analysis of experimental research results using ANOVA and DMRT test. The addition of crude cellulase enzyme from T. reesei and A. niger affects the sugar content and bioethanol from peanut shell fermentation. The ratio of crude cellulase enzyme from T. reesei and A. niger that produces the highest sugar content is in the treatment P5 ratio of crude enzyme T. reesei: A. niger (2:1) which is 0.14 g/mL and the highest ethanol content from groundnut shell fermentation is in the treatment of P8 crude enzyme ratio of T. reesei : A. niger (1:3) which is 2.23%.

Testing the Fire Safety of Electric Vehicles

Aim: The aim of the article is to discuss, using literature on the subject, the results of scientific research and fire tests devoted to lithium-ion batteries and electric-powered vehicles, as well as various methods and techniques for extinguishing them. The presentation of these issues is important in terms of identifying the hazards present in construction objects where electric vehicles are parked and charged, as well as conducting effective and safe rescue operations during incidents involving them. Introduction: The development of electromobility, including the growing number of electric vehicles, poses new challenges for fire protection, both in the context of conducting rescue operations and the safety of parking and charging these vehicles at construction objects. Fires on lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles follow a different pattern than fires on conventional energy sources. This includes the causes of their origin, the course and methods of extinguishing them, as well as the dangers to those in their zone, including from the toxic products of combustion that are emitted. Consideration of the occurrence of these risks is particularly important in underground infrastructure, where firefighting is more difficult and the ability to eliminate the toxic products is limited. The article discusses the results of scientific research and fire tests involving lithium-ion batteries and electric vehicles, taking into account different methods and techniques for extinguishing them, conducted in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, South Korea, the United States of America and Poland, among others. Methodology: The authors prepared the article based on a review and analysis of the results of scientific and experimental research, as well as on the literature. Conclusions: The growing number of electric vehicles increases the likelihood of accidents and fires involving them. This poses a challenge for rescue operations involving the vehicles mentioned above. An analysis of the literature on the subject leads to the conclusion that the catalogue of risks during rescue operations involving electric vehicles is different from that of conventionally powered vehicles. These risks require research, analysis, evaluation and validation. Keywords: fire safety, fire protection, electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery, rescue operations

Surface Characterization of Carbon Steel after Rolling Burnishing Treatment

The paper presents the results of experimental research and surface characteristics after the process of roller burnishing of macro-asperities of the surface. As part of the work, the possibility of plastic shaping of the surface macrostructure with indentations (plateau structure), which will show anti-wear properties through appropriate surface shaping and the compressive stress state in the product’s top layer, was investigated. The essence of the paper is to present the analysis of the surface roughness parameters and carry out analysis of SEM, AFM and metallographic results for the burnished surface. The main objective of the work is to develop an adequate outline of the surface to receive the required parameters and characteristics of the surface after burnishing. The results of dependencies of roughness parameter after turning and after burnishing from the vertical angle of asperities are presented, as well as SEM, AFM and metallographic analysis for the surface with a vertical angle of 60 ÷ 150 degrees.

ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGICAL CELLULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION

Ultrasonic flaw detection is the most versatile non-destructive testing method for detecting defects in various materials. The aim of this work is to develop a robotic technological cell for ultrasonic flaw detection of welded products. To achieve this goal, we selected the necessary equipment, developed an algorithm for the control system, and wrote control and data collection programs. In addition to identifying the product defect, the PC-based control system also ensures safety during the diagnostic process.
 The technical support of the cell consists of an ultrasonic flaw detector "EPOCH 650" with a rectangular pulse generator and a digital receiver, an industrial robot Mitsubishi Electric MELFA RV-FR series, a work table for the required part orientation, inductive sensors for identifying the installation of the part, light barriers to ensure safe operation of the cell and a control system.
 The cell control system is implemented in the form of a chalkboard and includes a central processing device for cell control, a robot control processor for implementing the robot's trajectory and communication with the robot controller, a module for communication with peripheral equipment, and a data logging module for registration, recording and sharing of events in the control system, a digital input module for receiving digital signals of 0 or 24 V DC from contact type sensors, manual control buttons, status signals from alarm systems, positioning drives, etc.
 The cell software ensures the implementation of control algorithms and consists of a control program to control the robot's movements, an executive program to ensure the control system's analysis of signals from the flaw detector, a security system, and user interaction via the system interface, The interface system receives data from the PLC and is responsible for graphically displaying information about the control system.
 The paper presents the results of experimental research and simulation, which confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed algorithms and control programs. By determining the optimal values of the speeds of movement and rotation of the robot links during their simultaneous movement, the speed and productivity of the cell are increased.

Topography and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Thin Films Containing Iodide-Based Hybrid Perovskites.

This article covers selected properties of organic-inorganic thin films of hybrid perovskites with the summary formulas CH3NH3MI3, where M = Pb, Cd, Ge, Sn, Zn. The paper discusses not only the history, general structure, applications of perovskites and the basics of the theory of nonlinear optics, but also the results of experimental research on their structural, spectroscopic, and nonlinear optical properties. The samples used in all presented studies were prepared in the physical vapor deposition process by using co-deposition from two independent thermal sources containing the organic and inorganic parts of individual perovskites. Ultimately, thin layers with a thickness of the order of nanometers were obtained on glass and crystalline substrates. Their structural properties were characterized by atomic force microscopy imaging. Spectroscopic tests were used to confirm the tested films' transmission quality and determine previously unknown physical parameters, such as the absorption coefficient and refractive index. Experimental results of the nonlinear optical properties were obtained by studying the second and third harmonic generation processes and using initial sample polarization in the so-called Corona poling process. The obtained experimental results allowed us to determine the second- and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of the tested materials.

Experimental and Analytical Studies of String Steel Structure for Bridges

Due to their efficiency, suspension structures are widely used in both roof slabs and different kinds of bridges, from which stress ribbon pedestrian bridges can be distinguished. The main disadvantage of the latter is high deformability, especially under asymmetrical loads. Recently, string structures or their systems have been introduced into bridge building. Numerical and experimental analysis of string behaviour under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads is carried out in the article. Analytical expressions for the calculation of string displacements and tensile forces are presented. The impact of the string pre-stress on the state of its stresses and deformations was evaluated. The assessment of the accuracy of analytical expressions by applying the results of numerical and experimental research is presented. A methodology is proposed for calculating the pre-stressing force taking into account the operational requirements. Three main loading options at different string pre-stress values are analysed. It is worth mentioning that the difference (error) between the analytical and numerical results is not extensive, it does not exceed 3%. It is necessary to notice that in all cases, the analytically obtained results are somewhat higher than FEM (numerically) obtained results.

Identifying regularities of fluid throttling of an inertial hydrodynamic installation

The article presents the results of experimental research conducted on a specially designed setup for pressurizing various types of fluids through throttle orifices. To determine the optimal operating mode of the thermal system, throttle nozzles of different diameters, specifically 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm, were utilized. One of the primary advantages of vortex heaters is their high heat exchange efficiency. This is attributed to the vortical motions and turbulence generated within the device, which promote more vigorous fluid mixing, thus enhancing heat transfer efficiency. However, vortex heaters do have certain drawbacks. Vortical components may experience wear and require regular maintenance and replacement. Subsequently, during the course of experimental work, an alternative inertia-based hydrodynamic system for heating heat carriers was developed and installed in a laboratory experimental facility. The research focus was on technical water. The results indicated that the static pre-pressure generated by the supply of water from the water main into the system decreases as the rotor's angular velocity increases. Experimental investigations demonstrated that rotor rotation leads to a redistribution of flow characteristics in throttle orifices for both static and dynamic inertial fluid discharge. Given that any static column of liquid results in level flow through throttle orifices, their flow static parameters were established. Furthermore, the research revealed that with the increase in rotor angular velocity, the fluid pressure at the throttle orifices rises, while the share of fluid discharge from the initial static pressure decreases in the overall fluid flow