During the COVID-19 pandemic, protest sentiments have intensified in society towards vaccination of children, especially against COVID-19, which is confirmed by studies in different countries of the world. The purpose of the work is to assess public opinion in relation to vaccinating children using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan based on the results of a sociological survey conducted in February 2022 and their comparative analysis with similar studies in other regions of Russia and countries of the world. It was revealed that in Russia and Bashkortostan, in particular, confidence in children's vaccines against COVID-19 is less than in a number of other countries, which influenced the lower rate of vaccination of children against COVID-19 during the pandemic after the approval of these vaccines based on the results of clinical trials. 38% of parents surveyed in Bashkortostan in 2022 considered vaccination of children against COVID-19 necessary, but only 13% would agree to it, 68% would refuse it for their children. The severity of parents' reactions revealed during the survey contributed to the relaxation of vaccination requirements for adolescents aged 12-17 years in the region.