Results Of Bacteriological Examination Research Articles

DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL LABORATORY TEST INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE STERNAL AND COSTAL OSTEOMYELITIS

Aim. To study the dynamics of the results of traditional clinical laboratory tests in process of surgical treatment of patients with the postoperative sternal osteomyelitis. Materials and methods. Complex clinicolaboratory examination of 57 patients with the postoperative sternal osteomyelitis after cardiosurgical interventions was carried out. Bulk blood analysis, leukocytic formula, C-reactive protein, aminotransferase, whole blood serum protein and whole bilirubin levels at admission to the hospital and in the postoperative period were studied. These analyses were fulfilled using up-to-date hematological and biochemical analyzers. Results. Already at the stage of hospitalization, all patients had significant rise in C-reactive protein level, ESR indices were higher than the referent values. At the same time, leukocytosis was detected only in 9 out of 57 patients (15 %). After the surgery, indices of all investigated nonspecific inflammatory markers significantly increased. Against this background, erythrocyte, hemoglobin and especially serum protein number significantly lowered. Twenty four cultures of five bacterial types were isolated from the wound in 21 patients. There predominated Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerugenosa . The same patients indicated a maximum level of nonspecific inflammatory factors. Conclusions. C-reactive protein is the most informative marker of inflammation in patients with the postoperative sternal osteomyelitis. The serum protein level is significantly decreased after surgical intervention. For patients with positive results of bacteriological examination, the terms of hospitalization were essentially longer.

Kuru döneme çıkarken enfekte ve sağlıklı meme loblarında California Mastitis Test ve somatik hücre sayısı ile bakteriyolojik muayene sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması

Bu calismada kuruya cikarma sirasinda, California Mastitis Test (CMT) sonuclarinin somatik hucre sayimi (SHS) ve bakteriyolojik muayene sonuclari ile karsilastirilmasi ve de CMT’nin kuru donem baslangicinda enfekte meme loblarinin belirlenmesinde etkinliginin ortaya konmasi amaclandi.Bu amacla 40 adet Holstein irki inege ait 157 meme lobu (3 meme lobu kor idi) verileri degerlendirildi. Saglikli meme loblarindan alinan sut orneklerine son sagim oncesi CMT yapildi ve sonuclar ayni kisi tarafindan yorumlandi. Bu uygulamadan sonra her bir meme lobundan somatik hucre sayimi ve bakteriyolojik muayene icin sut ornekleri toplandi. Somatik hucre sayimi IBC-M Bactoscan ile bakteriyolojik izolasyon ise konvansiyonel yontemle yapildi. CMT sonuclari ile SHS’lari karsilastirildiginda, CMT negatif meme loblarinda ortalama SHS 155.178, suphelilerde 221.750, +1 olanlarda 635.400, +2 reaksiyon verenlerde ise 1.782.000 hucre/ml olarak belirlendi. Bakteriyolojik acidan ureme olan meme loblarinda somatik hucre sayisi ortalamasi 195.350 iken ureme olmayanlarda ise 304.400 hucre/ml idi. Enfekte meme loblarinin %18,34’unde S. aureus, %6,4’unde Bacillus spp., %2,75’inde miks enfeksiyon ve diger meme loblarinda Streptekok spp., E. coli, Klebsiella ve Kandida izole edildi. Ureme olan ve olmayan gruplara ait ortalama somatik hucre sayilari arasindaki fark, istatistiksel acidan anlamli degildi (p>0,05).Sonuc olarak kuruya cikarilan ineklerde; subklinik meme ici enfeksiyonlarin belirlenmesinde CMT’inin tek basina yeterli olmadigi, CMT sonuclarinin bakteriyolojik muayene sonuclari ve SHS ile birlikte degerlendirilmesinin daha saglikli sonuc verecegi kanisina varildi.SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare California Mastitis Test (CMT) findings with Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and bacteriological examination at the dry-off, and to investigate the effectiveness of the CMT to detect the infected quarters at the beginning of the dry period.For this purpose, A total of 160 milk samples collected from quarters of 40 Holstein cows. 157 of these quarters were normal and 3 of them were blind. CMT was made before the last milking and the results was interpreted by the same person. After this examination milk samples were collected from each quarter for SCC and bacteriological isolation. Somatic Cell Count was made with IBC-M Bactoscan and isolation of bacteria was made conventionally. The mean SCC were 155,178 cell/ml, 221,750 cell/ml, 635,400 cell/ml, 1782,000 cell/ml, respectively, according to the CMT results. The mean SCC of the quarters that bacteriologic growth was detected were 195,350 cell/ml and the mean SCC of the quarters that bacteriologic growth was not isolated were 304,400 cells/ml. The infected quarters with S aureus (%18,34), with Bacillus spp. (%6,4), and mix infections and one for each quarter was infected with Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Klebsiella, Candida spp. Difference in SCC levels between infected and non-infected groups was not significant statistically (P > 0,05).In conclusion, only CMT was not adequate to determine subclinical intramammary infections at the dry-off cows, and to evaluate the findings of CMT with the results of bacteriological examination and SCC.

Outbreak of protothecal mastitis in a herd of dairy cows in Poland

Abstract The study was carried out in a herd of 280 dairy cows in the North-Eastern part of Poland in the summer of 2011. During the period of 5-6 months before the study, mastitis cases resistant to routine antibiotic therapy were observed in this herd. Bacteriological examination of 280 milk samples collected from 70 cows with clinical or subclinical forms of mastitis was performed. Diagnosis of mastitis was made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of secretion, California mastitis test (CMT), and results of bacteriological examination of milk. Protothecal mastitis was detected in 34 cows (12.6% of all cows in the herd). Algae belonging to Prototheca zopfii were isolated from 27 milk samples in pure cultures; in the remaining seven samples, mixed infections were identified (P. zopfii and Staphylococcus sp.). The acute form accompanied by elevated body temperature (40 C), pain and hot oedema of the udder, loss of appetite, and reluctance to move were observed in two cows immediately after delivery. The similar symptoms were also noted in three cows with mixed infections. The chronic form of protothecal mastitis was characterised by pasty oedema in the udder of slight painfulness and hard tissue consistency, as well as markedly reduced milk secretion. The macro- and microscopic changes in the mammary tissue was indicative of chronic, fusing microgranulomatous interstitial mastitis protothecosa.

Патогенетичне значення антимікробних пептидів у реалізації антибактеріального захисту у дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз

Обстежено 37 дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз, віком від 3 до 15 років. Контрольну групу становили 30 здорових дітей. Встановлено, що дітям, хворим на муковісцидоз, притаманне підвищення вмісту в плазмі крові α-дефензинів 1–3, продукція яких адаптивно підвищувалася у відповідь на контамінацію дихальних шляхів Ps.aeruginosa. Високі концентрації дефензинів пригнічували фагоцитарну активність нейтрофілів, унаслідок чого компенсаторно-адаптаційна реакція, спрямована на подолання контамінації патогену, набувала характеру патологічної і виступала додатковим фактором ураження дихальної системи. Інфікування хворих на муковісцидоз Ps.aeruginosa приводило до порушення перебігу другої фази запалення за рахунок відсутності адекватної активації іNOS. У відповідь на зниження генерації оксиду азоту у дітей, хворих на муковісцидоз, інфікованих Ps.aeruginosa, відбувалося підвищення рівня NTproBNP у сироватці крові, що є компенсаторною реакцією і може виступати додатковим фактором підтримки хронічного запалення та ураження дихальної системи.

Clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients who developed tuberculosis following use of a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor

Background/AimsIndividuals being treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). We determined the clinical characteristics and treatment response of patients who developed TB after using TNF-α inhibitors.MethodsPatients with TB detected within 12 months of the initiation of TNF-α inhibitor treatment were included, if seen from January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2011. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records, results of bacteriological examinations, and radiographs of the included patients and the response to anti-TB treatment.ResultsWe indentified seven cases of TB in 457 patients treated with TNF-α inhibitors during the study period. TB developed a median of 123 days (range, 48 to 331) after the first dose of TNF-α inhibitor. Pulmonary TB, including TB pleuritis, was diagnosed in three patients and extrapulmonary TB in four. Favorable treatment outcomes were achieved in six of seven patients.ConclusionsAmong the TNF-α inhibitor users who contracted TB, extrapulmonary sites were common and the treatment response was satisfactory.

Outcome of the patients with chronic mesh infection following open inguinal hernia repair

PurposeHernia repairs are the most common elective abdominal wall procedures performed by general surgeons. The use of a mesh has become the standard for hernia repair surgery. Herein, we discuss a management strategy for chronic mesh infections following open inguinal hernia repair with onlay prosthetic mesh.MethodsIn this study, 15 patients with chronic mesh infections following open inguinal hernia repairs were included. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed and information regarding presentation, type of previous hernia repair, type of mesh, operative findings and bacteriological examination results were obtained. In all cases, the infected mesh was removed completely and the patients were treated with antibiotic regimens and local wound care.ResultsFifteen mesh removals due to chronic infection were performed between January 2000 and March 2012. The mean interval of hernia repair to mesh removal was 49 months. All patients were followed up for a median period of 62 months (range, 16 to 115 months). In all patients, the infections were resolved successfully and none were persistent or recurrent. However, one patient developed recurrent hernia and one developed nerve injury.ConclusionChronic mesh infection following hernia repair mandates removal of the infected mesh, which rarely results in hernia recurrence.

849 Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Neonates

Obstructive uropathies present changes in anatomy and function of urinary tract. They are usually discovered during the examination of urinary tract infection.Aim of studyTo present the most frequent causes in...

Relationship between total bacteria counts and somatic cell counts from mammary quarters infected by mastitis pathogens

This study was conducted to establish the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial shedding from mammary quarters according to mastitis pathogens. Milk samples from 638 mammary quarters were examined for mastitis pathogens, SCC and total bacterial count (TBC). The raw data of SCC and TBC were used to perform descriptive statistics. The significance of the arithmetic mean differences between SCC and TBC according to bacteriological examination results was determined by a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Pearson and Spearman´s correlations were done with logarithmic data and linear regression analyses. The geometric means of the bacteriological examination results were (cells mL-1; CFU mL-1): no growth (52,000; 12,000), coagulase-negative staphylococci (85,000; 17,000), Staphylococcus aureus (587,000; 77,000); other streptococci (432,000; 108,000) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1,572,000; 333,000). The Pearson and Spearman's correlations between SCC and TBC were higher than 0.60 for all mastitis pathogens. The regression analyses slopes showed different increase in TBC with the same increase in SCC according to mastitis pathogens. The slope for S. agalactiae (0.542) was higher than that for other mastitis pathogens. The results suggest that the intensity of inflammatory process was associated with number of mastitis pathogens shedding from the mammary gland.

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae - Case Report

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is caused by infection of ascitic fluid without any apparent intraabdominal source of infection. The disease most commonly occurs in patients with cirrhosis and 70% of cases of infections are caused by pathogenes from gastrointestinal tract. The article presents the case of 38-year-old patient with spontaneous peritonitis who was treated surgically. The primary nature of the disease was confirmed by laparotomy and bacteriological examination results (Streptoccocus pneumonia) of ascitic fluid. After 54 days of hospitalisation and undergoing re-laparotomy, he was discharged in good condition.

Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin were detected in 3 naturally contaminated fish feed samples using immune-affinity method. The results revealed that the average levels of aflatoxins in the 3 examined samples were (15, 22 and ) respectively while the average levels of ochratoxins were (15, 6 and ). The results of determination of the effects of clay as a mycotoxin binder on the health status and performance of Oreochromis niloticus in comparing with a control group revealed that the survival rate in control group was 81% after the end of the culture season. The results also revealed that the survival rate in group 2 which received clay treated feed was 86%. The results of regular parasitological examination revealed the identification of trichodina as external protozoa in Oreochromis niloticus from both ponds but without manifestation of disease signs. The results of bacteriological examination revealed the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas flouresence from some moribund Oreochromis niloticus. Higher performance parameters were recorded in group 2 that received feeds treated with clay which reflected in the total production which reaches 1646.47 kg while in the control pond, the total production was1308.36 kg.

The microbiological characteristics of patients with crush syndrome after the Wenchuan earthquake

To improve the treatment of infectious diseases in patients with crush syndrome, we analyzed the results of bacteriological examinations, including antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, of samples taken from patients with crush syndrome admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University, after the Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 210 non-replicate clinical isolates were recovered from 42 of the 66 earthquake victims with crush syndrome. Their mean age was 26.9 +/- 15.7 y and 40 of them were male. The length of hospital stay was 14.0 days. Wound, blood, sputa, urine and catheter sample specimens were examined. Gram-negative bacilli, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi accounted for 72.4%, 20.0% and 7.6% of the isolates, respectively. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the major isolates from wounds. Of the isolated strains, 92.8% occurred at >48 h following admission to the hospital, and most of these agents were common isolates in our hospital. Furthermore, 40.9% of these patients were carriers of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. Therefore, we can conclude that patients with crush syndrome may have an increased risk of hospital-acquired infection (HAI), suggesting that it is important to select effective antibiotics to control HAI in a timely manner according to the microbiological data.

Vernarbende Alopezie bei einer 27-jährigen Frau

A 27-year-old woman presented with a progressive alopecia, persisting since two years. Examination revealed an area of cicatricial alopecia parieto-occipital, 12 × 10 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination revealed multiple hair tufts emerging from dilated follicle openings surrounded by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. Results of bacteriologic examination of pus extruding from the dilated follicular ostia revealed Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was treated with a systemic antibiotic therapy, whose effects still have to be awaited. Tufted hair folliculitis is a rare folliculitis with irregular areas of scarring alopecia within which numerous hair tufts emerge from dilated openings. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Bacterial infections seem to play an important causative role although bacterial infections cannot always be detected. For this reason, antibiotics administered systemically are a promising treatment option.

Staphylococcus aureus effect of different factors on mammary gland infection with staphylococcus aureus bacteria

The objective of our investigation was to determine how certain factors (the environment, treatment, prevention, animal) affect udder infection with Staphylococcus aureurs (S. aureus) bacteria. A questionnaire investigated the effect of different factors on the frequency of infection with S. aureus bacteria. We established that prevention, treatment on the basis of results of bacteriological examinations and antibiograms, and the elimination of the negative influence of the environment, form a basis for reducing the frequency of udder infections. We verified the questionannire results with the variant analysis method and established that the effect of the environment significantly digresses from the other factors (prevention treatment and diagnosis, animal). Our results show that the breeder, with good prevention and good treatment of mastitis, often disregards the effects of the barn and the environment in which the cows are maintained. Poor barn conditions have a negative effect on cow resistance and at the same time enable the existence and multiplication of pathogenic species of bacteria. In addition to the maintenance conditions, one must not forget prevention and therapy of mammary gland inflammation, either. On the grounds of our previous investigations (Pengov et al., 2000), we recommend for the therapy of mammary gland inflammation the use of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulonic acid, and as prevention of mammary gland inflammation the use of an udder ointment.

Control measures against Serratia marcescens colonization at the neonatal intensive care unit of UOEH hospital

In September 2001, twelve neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients were found to be colonized with pigment-producing strains of Serratia marcescens. The UOEH Infection Control Group (ICG) committee investigated the source of this epidemic and carried out several remedial measures. Immediate investigation of both the environment and the hands of health care workers were enforced. The most likely means of transmission was thought to be from the hands contaminated with S. marcescens that was found on antiseptic cotton, kept in shared stainless steel canisters, used for wiping the patients' buttocks. Therefore, we suggested the following interventions: 1) abolish the stainless steel canisters, and prepare antiseptic cottons for each patient, 2) monitor cultures with some specimens for all patients in the NICU, 3) periodically investigate the environment, 4) enforce workers to wash and disinfect their hands before and after patient care, 5) use new gloves for each treatment, 6) re-examine and modify the caring procedures for inpatients by the nursing staff. In January 2002, this nosocomial colonization came to an end without any serious infection. One of the key points of this success was the quick response by the clinical staff and ICG committee members to the laboratory results of bacteriological examinations. Furthermore, the early investigation of reservoir and good communication between the clinical staff and ICG committee members mostly prevented this nosocomial colonization from becoming worse.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common bacteria found in cultures from the deep portions of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions, as obtained by carbon dioxide laser surgery.

The significance of bacterial findings in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is controversial. Interpretation of the results of bacteriological examinations from the surface of HS lesions is obscured by the possible contamination of resident skin bacteria. Bacteriological analysis of aspirates from deeper parts of HS is liable to show low sensitivity. We used a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser method to evaporate the diseased tissue level by level from the surface downwards, allowing concurrent sampling of bacteriological cultures from each level and thereby minimizing contamination with bacteria from the level above. In this study, 22 women and three men with a mean age of 35.3 years and a mean HS duration of 10.6 years were treated with this CO2 laser surgical method. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from superficial and deep levels were taken during surgery. The regions treated were axillary in eight and perineal in 17 cases. Bacterial cultures were positive for one or more specimens from at least one level in all cases and from deep levels in all but three cases. Sixteen different species or sub-species were found. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the species most frequently found. Peptostreptococcus species and Propionibacterium acnes were not uncommon. S. aureus was detected in a total of 14 cases, six of which were from the deep levels. S. aureus was the sole bacterium isolated in two deep cultures. CNS were found in 21 patients and 16 of these isolates were from the deep levels. In nine of the 16 deep samples CNS were the only bacteria detected. These findings motivate a re-evaluation of the significance of bacteria in the progress of HS and in particular they suggest that CNS are true pathogens. It is known that foreign bodies aggravate the virulence of the CNS in surgical implants, and an environment which resembles that produced by a foreign body, as found in chronic HS tissue, serves to intensify the pathogenic properties of CNS in HS.

Induction of temporary otitis media in specific-pathogen-free pigs by intratympanic inoculation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis

SUMMARY Objective To examine whether Mycoplasma hyorhinis inoculated into the tympanic cavity can cause otitis media in pigs. Animals 17- or 22-day-old specific-pathogen-free pigs. Procedure Histologic and bacteriologic examinations were performed on specimens from the tympanic cavity and auditory tube at 0, 7, 14, and 25 days after intratympanic inoculation of M hyorhinis (auditory tube cloning strain 14). Results In M hyorhinis-inoculated pigs, mild to moderate inflammation of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity first appeared at postinoculation day (PID) 7. In pigs euthanatized at PID 14, the degree of inflammation was aggravated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed M hyorhinis antigens on the luminal surface of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity. By PID 25, lesions had lessened. By use of transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations, mycoplasmal organisms were identified among the cilia in the auditory tubes at PID 14 but not at PID 25. Results of bacteriologic examination indicated that 104 to 106 color-changing units of M hyorhinis were isolated from the tympanic cavity at PID 0. Variable numbers of M hyorhinis were isolated at PID 7 and 14, and numbers were decreased at PID 25. Conclusions M hyorhinis inoculated into the tympanic cavity can cause a self-limiting otitis media in SPF pigs. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:869–873)

Efficacy of parenteral administration of three antimicrobial agents in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows: 487 cases (1989-1995)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of parenteral administration of procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin in the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows. Design Noncontrolled, clinical retrospective study. Animals 487 cows with mastitis involving 543 quarters. Procedure Clinical signs, histories, and results of bacteriologic examination, somatic cell count, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity of milk samples taken before and 3 to 4 weeks after treatment were retrieved from hospital records. Cows treated parenterally with procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin for 3 to 5 days were included. Supportive treatment alone was given to 35 cows infected with Escherichia coli. Factors possibly affecting outcome were analyzed, using ANOVA, correlation analyses, and the Mann-Whitney test. χ2 Test was used to compare bacteriologic cure rates. Results Bacteriologic cure rates for mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and streptococci were 34, 76, and 65%, respectively. Cure rates in cows in their first lactation and infected with S aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were significantly higher than those for older cows. In cows with mastitis caused by E coli, the cure rate was 74% for those treated with penicillin G and 71% for those not treated with antimicrobials. High N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in milk samples obtained at initial examination indicated a poor outcome in S aureus and streptococcal mastitis. Cows infected in the early lactation period had more severe inflammatory responses and clinical signs if infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and coliforms. Clinical Implications 3 to 5 days of treatment with parenterally administered penicillin G for clinical mastitis caused by penicillin-susceptible S aureus strains is efficacious in young cows. Parenteral administration of spiramycin or enrofloxacin does not give satisfactory results in mastitis caused by penicillin-resistant S aureus. Use of antimicrobials in the treatment of mastitis caused by coliform bacteria is questionable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:407-412)

アデノイドと中耳炎 文献的考察

The significance of adenoids in the pathogenesis of otitis media was investigated by reviewing recent literature. Adenoids are not likely to cause otitis media by compressing the eustachian tube, but are important as a reservoir of chronic infection supplying bacteria to the middle ear. Chronic infection of the adenoids by Haemophilus influenzae (particularly the non-typable strain) or Branhamella catarrharis may result in alterations of colonization by normal flora and impairment of the local immunological defense system in the adenoids; these in turn, may cause recurrent otitis media. Although the short-term effect of adenoidectomy on otitis media has been confirmed in several randomized clinical trials, its long-term effects, particularly on intractable otitis media, are questionable. Indications for adenoidectomy should, therefore, be evaluated on an individual basis, and include consideration of patient age, the presence or absence of a history of recurrent otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, and the results of bacteriological examination in the nasopharynx.

Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 infections at the Hirosaki district in Aomori Prefecture from 1984 to 1991

During the period from January 1984 to December 1991, 118 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from the specimens which were requested for bacterial examination from various medical practitioners. The results of bacteriological examination of these isolates showed that 11 of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 sporadic infections were confirmed at Hirosaki district in Aomori Prefecture. Of the eleven isolated strains, nine were from feces, two were from contents of extracted appendix. These strains were biovar (Wauters) 1, harboring 42 megadalton virulence plasmid, positive for autoagglutination and calcium dependency. Patients were under fifteen years old except one case of a 45 year old. Seven patients were living in the inter-mountain area, three in the urban area and one in the plain area. The infectious source was not found.

Value of bacteriological screening of urine samples from HIV infected patients.

A retrospective analysis of the results of bacteriological examination of all urine samples from adult HIV infected patients admitted to the City Hospital, Edinburgh during the year 1 April 1988 to 31 March 1989 was made to assess the usefulness of this investigation in HIV positive patients without clinical evidence of urinary tract infection.