Results Of Empirical Research Research Articles

O „deonotologicznych” i „utylitarnych” decyzjach w dylematach etycznych opartych na „dylemacie wagonika” (the Trolley Problem)

Ethical dilemmas facing respondents with a choice between sacrificing the lives of a smaller number of people to save a larger number, formulated in correspondence to the famous Trolley Problem, have been of enduring interest almost since the Philippa Foot’s presentation of the canonical version of this problem. In more recent literature, and especially in publications reporting the results of empirical research, decisions of answerers declaring abstention from taking action that would result in saving a larger group of potential victims at the cost of sacrificing the lives of fewer people have come to be referred to as “deontological” choices. On the other hand, declarations of readiness to take such actions are referred to as “utilitarian” or (less frequently) “consequentialist” choices. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the shortcomings of using the aforementioned labels. The argumentation is supported by empirical material collected in the years 2020–2022 among students of the University of Łódź (N = 302). The analysis of justifications explaining the motives behind both types of decisions left by the respondents shows that in numerous cases, “deontological” decisions, that is, passive decisions, actually stemmed from premises much closer to consequentialist ethics than deontological attitudes. Similarly, active behaviour was not always the outcome of utilitarian motives. The results of our research clearly indicate that the dominant, simplified perception of these choices in the literature leads to a distorted picture of the moral attitudes of respondents, thus posing the danger of drawing false conclusions. We claim that distinguishing between attitudes adopted by respondents in dilemmas based on the Trolley Problem should not refer to ethical doctrines. Instead, judging the moral attitudes of respondents requires an analysis of the motives behind the decisions they make at the very least.

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Optimizing urban land use is of significant practical importance for promoting economic development, enhancing the standard of living for individuals residing in metropolitan areas, enhancing urban infrastructure and public services, driving urban transformation and upgrading, and attaining synchronized progress of the economy, society, and environment. This paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the urban land use efficiency (ULUE) of 13 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2020 and explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of ULUE in this urban agglomeration using analysis of spatial data and application of geographic detector methods. The results show that (1) from 2005 to 2020, the ULUE of the BTH urban agglomeration had an initial rise followed by a decline; however, the overall efficiency score is above 1, suggesting an overall effective state; (2) a distribution pattern with Beijing as its core was established, exhibiting greater ULUE in the northern region and poorer efficiency in the southern region, with significant correlation characteristics in efficiency values between adjacent cities; and (3) capital input, labor input, social welfare, and ecological environment are all influencing factors that promote the improvement in ULUE in the BTH region, and the interaction of any two factors explains the ULUE in this region better than a single factor. The empirical research results can provide useful references for improving the input–output ratio of land units and further spatial planning and policy formulation in the BTH region.

Variation in the values of the beta coefficient for systematic risk depending on the approach applied on the example of companies from the WIG20 index

Purpose of the study: The beta coefficient for systematic risk can be obtained with various methods. Each of these methods may be methodologically correct and justified in the scientific literature, but the results obtained may differ. The aim of the article is to indicate differences in the estimated values of the beta coefficient for systematic risk caused by different methods of their calculation or different sources of data acquisition. Methodology: The article presents methods of calculating the beta coefficient for systematic risk and the most popular sources of obtaining this coefficient. Then, the beta ratio was calculated using the historical method for the period of 1, 2, 5 and 10 years for companies from the WIG20 index and beta indicators were obtained from the publications by A. Damodaran. On the basis of the obtained data, maximum divergences in beta coefficient values were determined and their mean value was calculated. Main findings: The results of the work indicate the average difference in beta values for companies from the WIG 20 index at the level of 0.51 and the maximum value of 1.12. Moreover, it was determined that statistically the lowest beta values as of December 31, 2023 for companies from the WIG20 index were provided by the historical method for a period of 2 years, and the highest values were provided by A. Damodaran. Application of the study: The conducted research indicates the range in which stock market analysts and valuation specialists can model the valuation value from the level of the beta coefficient. Market practitioners can choose both the highest and the lowest value and thus influence the value of the discount rate and the value of the company's valuation in the discounted cash flow method. Originality/Novelty of the study: The article presents original results of empirical research on the beta coefficient. This paper presents volatility in the values of the beta coefficient for systematic risk resulting from different methods of estimating it on the example of companies from the WIG20 index.

Processes and mechanisms of the evolution of container port system in the Yangtze River Delta: An analysis from spatial and network perspectives

the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) has established a large-scale container port system with seaports and Yangtze ports as the mainstay and including other riverports and dry ports, occupying a prominent position in the pattern of national and even the global shipping development. Considering the new trend that the theoretical paradigm of port research has shifted from “spatial” to “network”, and that the focus of research goes from seaports to both seaports and inland ports, this study brings the complexity and uniqueness of the development of the port system in the YRD into the picture. By analyzing the influence of globalization, specialization, marketization, transportation, and greenization on port system development and its pattern formation, this paper elaborates on the gradient process of transportation and services allocation from the coast to the riverside and then to the inland. The evolution of port system is considered to have a temporal gradient between spatial-level transportation expansion and network-level services upgrading, and it is also believed that there is a spatial gradient in logistics supply chain terminalization between coastal and inland areas. Combined with the quantitative analysis from 200 5 to 2020, after entering the stage of port regionalization in the YRD, the container volume is distributed from coastal concentration to inland decentralization at the spatial level, while at the network level, port and shipping service enterprises (PSSEs) maintain a relatively centralized distribution along the coastal areas. At the same time, container volume growth rate fluctuates down, number of PSSEs growth rate fluctuates up, which trend is notable in the seaport. Currently, port regionalization in the YRD is still incomplete; the degree of logistics supply chain terminalization of ports in inland areas is relatively low; and the synergy between spatial and network in the entire YRD region has not yet been formed. This study tries to answer the question of the relationship between different types of ports in the complex port system, which can enrich the theoretical and empirical results of port system research and guide the practice of port and shipping in the YRD.

Impact of climate change on income inequality. Implications for rich and poor countries

The article aims to provide evidence of the link between income inequality and climate change in both developed and low-income economies. This study uses a descriptive analysis method along with panel data analysis to assess the impact of climate changes on income inequality in 42 advanced economies and 68 developing countries between 1995 and 2020. The results of empirical research confirm that climate change is an important factor responsible for growing income inequality. The impact of a country’s vulnerability is positively associated with increasing income inequality in low-income economies. In turn, climate resilience has a statistically significant effect on income distribution in both groups, although the ability to mitigate climate change and adapt is considerably weaker in developing countries. This research raises our awareness of the links between the economy and climate change, including their implications for income inequality, and signals possible changes in the redistributive system to mitigate climate change and combat income inequality. The added value of this article is the results of research on the negative consequences of climate change on income inequality in over 100 countries. Particular attention was paid to the ethical issue of unequal responsibility for causing climate change between rich and poor countries.

Financial structure, development of small and medium banks, enterprise exports

The development of small and medium-sized banks has a profound impact on enterprise export trade. This study Based on a sample of 645 listed enterprises in China, to study the relationship between small and medium-sized banks and the export level of enterprises. Against the backdrop of the continuous development and growth of small and medium-sized banks, new ideas have been provided for seeking ways for Chinese enterprises to expand financing channels and improve export levels. The research results indicate that the development of small and medium-sized banks has significantly improved the export tendency and scale of enterprises. The heterogeneity test results show that the export expansion effect of the development of small and medium-sized banks is more significant for private enterprises, eastern enterprises, non-agricultural enterprises, and enterprises with high dependence on external financing. Based on these empirical research results and the actual situation in China, this article proposes policy recommendations such as building a long-term mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized banks, expanding their financial service coverage, and enhancing their financial service capabilities.

Effects of Pupils’ Transfers on Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Kimilili Sub-County, Kenya

In public schools, particularly in Kimilili Sub-County, student transfers are commonplace; nevertheless, the results of current empirical research on the impact of these transfers on students' academic performance are inconclusive. This study assessed the effects of student transfers on academic performance in public primary schools in Kimilili Sub-County, Kenya, because academic performance in public schools in the sub-county has been below average and the influence of these transfers on academic performance are not known. The research accomplished two goals: determined the impact of psychological factors on students' academic performance and ascertained the influence of social factors on the academic performance of transferred students in public primary schools respectively. The study used a mixed methods approach with a target population of 470 head teachers, 150 class teachers, and 308 pupils who transferred to different public primary schools. Data was collected through questionnaires, focused group discussions, and key informant interviews. The study used SPSS for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative analysis. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient method confirmed questionnaire reliability, and expert evaluation confirmed content and construct validity. The study found that social and psychological factors significantly impact students' academic performance. The Pearsons correlation coefficient method yielded (r=0.671, p=0.001< 0.05) for social factors and (r= 0.714, p=0.000 < 0.05) for psychological factors respectively. Qualitative data also confirmed the results. These findings are crucial for addressing challenges faced by students and contribute to existing literature on pupils’ transfers and academic performance especially in public primary schools. Based on these findings, schools, TSC, and Ministry of Education should develop guidelines for transferred pupils, strengthen guidance and counseling programs, and build teacher capacity. This study supports further research on the influence of pupils’ transfers on their academic performance in private primary schools

Factors Leading to a Lack of Leisure Time in High School Students in Croatia

For a person’s overall health, it is important to establish a proper connection between work and leisure. This paper shows the results of theoretical and empirical research on factors leading to a lack of leisure time in high school students. The main goal of this paper was to determine whether high school students have any leisure time and what activities take their leisure time away. To examine this, an empirical study was conducted among 468 students in three high schools in the city of Split (general-education high school, medical high school, and electrical engineering high school). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. The research has shown that parents-imposed duties are minimal and do not take away a lot of students’ leisure time. On the other hand, class-related activities, i.e. homework and learning take away the greatest part of students’ leisure time, students are not prone to participate in extracurricular and out-of-school activities. Moreover, if they do engage in such activities, their choices may be influenced by gender norms.

Comparative analysis of FinTech adoption among Islamic and conventional banking users with moderating effect of education level: A UTAUT2 perspective

This study aims to examine the consumer behavior with regards to the FinTech services in the context of Pakistan and identify the consumers’ driver and detractors to adopt FinTech firm. Tapping into an area yet un-explored, it seeks to propose a conceptual framework based on the UTAUT2 model and extend the FinTech adoption model by determining the effect of performance expectancy and effort expectancy based on educational segmentation. In a similar vein, it aims at examining the gaps in the adoption of FinTech services in both Islamic banking as well as the conventional competing banks of Pakistan. This paper employed a quantitative research design; data were collected from 382 subjects in Karachi, Pakistan Convenience sampling and random number generation were employed to minimize biased. This study sought participants’ responses to the survey questionnaire of 22 items, distinguishing the seven constructs of the UTAUT2 and a new one, education level, on a five-point Likert scale. Concerning the sample size and the research methods that were used, the rationale was given in line with the available guidelines and the results of empirical research in the field of behavioral sciences. As the research hypothesis postulated, the study revealed performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions as independent factors influencing behavioral intention to use FinTech, although the moderating effect of education level only affected the relationship between the performance expectancy and behavioral intention to use FinTech influenced by it. They also found differences between Islamic and conventional banking users, and the enhancing/attenuating impacts of the constructs on the behavioral intention alertly. This research underscores the essential factors that influence the behavioral intention of the users towards FinTech services – performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions – with implications for promoting positive service experiences. Financial technology firms must heed these insights to create simple and secure applications to increase the adoption of FinTech innovations that are sensitive to the anglophone African cultures. Besides, the focus on deploying rather diverse local initiatives for comprehending and constantly improving the FinTech services based on people’s feedback can increase consumers’ trust and expectations.

Artificial intelligence and labor demand: An empirical analysis of Chinese small and micro enterprises

The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has triggered a significant transformation in the economic structure and has brought profound changes to human society. As China promotes the digital transformation of industries, understanding how the investment in AI by small and micro enterprises (SMEs) affects labor demand, which is inextricably linked to “stable employment”, becomes an important question. This paper uses special data from 127 SMEs in 14 provinces from 2016 to 2020 and employs a two-way fixed effects model to study the impact of AI inputs on enterprises’ labor demand. The empirical results show that the impact of AI inputs on the labor demand of SMEs is not significant overall, but shows a significant negative effect in non-state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and high-tech enterprises. There is a significant difference in the impact of AI inputs on the labor demand of different industries, with only the wholesale and retail industry demonstrating a significant positive impact. From the results of mechanism analysis, the substitution effect and creation effect of AI inputs on labor demand coexist, and in general, these two effects cancel each other out. However, the substitution effect dominates in some types of enterprises and industries. Finally, this paper discusses the government and enterprise coping strategies for the employment impact of AI applications based on empirical evidence and research results. This paper not only theoretically demonstrates that the impact of AI investment on firms' labor demand is uncertain, but also empirically demonstrates that Chinese firms' AI investment does not significantly affect firms' overall labor demand. This facilitates the government and enterprises to formulate strategies that can enhance the level of enterprise intelligence without impacting the labor market.

Communicative skills of a teacher-choreographer as a means of students forming emotional and aesthetic experience

Importance. Changes in society entail the presentation of new requirements for the teacher as a specialist and personality. Today, teaching Internet-dependent students who require little communication is a specialized skill that demands emotionally intense communicative skills from teachers aimed at engaging them in a productive educational process. The communicative skills of the choreographer-teacher should contribute to the emotional and aesthetic experience formation of students. This experience is formed in the interaction process between a teacher and a student, subject to correction of age-related, individual socially conditioned deformations of the students’ personality. The purpose of the study is to establish the need for developing the communicative skills of a choreographer teacher as an effective way to enhance the emotional and aesthetic development of students.Research Methods. The following methods are used: analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, systematization and comparison, generalization of the author’s experience, observation, which enabled the substantiation of the emotionally and aesthetically saturated communicative component of the teacher’s activity as a leader in the process of forming the emotional and aesthetic experience of students and a dance group. On the basis of the main provisions of the systemic, cultural, activity-centered, personality-focused approaches, the development of interrelated blocks of personality qualities and properties in the emotionally saturated communicative learning process is shown: cognitive, psychological-dynamic and morally significant.Results and Discussion. It is proved that the teacher’s communicative skill are the key to achieving high educational and outcomes through the varied methods’ use of interaction with students. These skills are essential for effectively addressing their socio-psychological and personal issues. The direct correlation between the learning process results and the teacher's competence level in emotional and aesthetic communication with students has been established. A specialized course has been designed for choreographers to enhance their emotional and aesthetic component of communicative skills, which encompasses psychological, dynamic, and moral aspects of personality development.Conclusion. Based on the results of theoretical and empirical research, the structure of an emotionally saturated, aesthetic communicative aspect of the pedagogical skill of a choreographer teacher has been developed. Success in the formation of the modern students’ emotional and aesthetic experience is achievable provided that there is a high level of communicative skills of the teacher, the formation of which is facilitated by the developed special course “Enhancing the communicative skills of a choreographer teacher”.

THE MORAL AND ETHICAL POTENTIAL OF A FUTURE TEACHER’S PERSONALITY – THE FOUNDATION FOR THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article examines the resource capacity of future teachers’ moral and ethical potential as a guarantee of the productivity of their training for creative professional activity. The article aims to substantiate the moral and ethical potential of an individual’s personality as a personal resource to ensure the productivity of future teachers’ professional training for pedagogical activities and the ways of its formation in the conditions of university education. The study operated methods of analysis, generalisation, and specification of theoretical positions and the results of empirical research on forming the moral and ethical potential of future teachers in university education conditions. The essence, content, structure, and main characteristics of this complex phenomenon have been clarified and specified. The moral and ethical potential of a personality is defined as an integrated personal creation that organically combines professional moral and ethical views, the professional orientation of mental processes towards interaction and communication, pedagogical optimism and democracy, moral efforts, and actions aimed at improving the moral and ethical sphere of the future teacher and ensuring positive results in the professional branch. It has been established that these indicators of the moral and ethical potential of a personality positively affect the productivity of future teachers’ professional training if they achieve their goals in the process of developing moral and ethical qualities and professional improvement. This potential has a complex structure, encompassing interconnected components, including motivational one – a positive attitude towards people and moral norms regulating their behaviour in life and activity; moral-orientational one – knowledge of moral norms and ethics of behaviour concerning the rules accepted in society, requirements for the personality of a professional, and their actions and deeds; ethical-operational one – mastering moral and ethical experience in the professional and pedagogical sphere of activity; volitional one – self- control, management of one’s behaviour concerning adherence to moral and ethical norms in the course of pedagogical activity; control-evaluative component – self-assessment of one’s actions in transmitting moral and ethical norms, behaviour, and during the resolution of pedagogical problems. The practical course “Secrets of Pedagogical Ethics” has been developed and tested, aimed at forming these components of the future teachers’ moral and ethical potential. The effectiveness of active forms and methods of forming the professional-moral orientation of future teachers has been confirmed, including discussions, ethical conversations, debates, and presentations, as well as technologies of personality- oriented learning, cooperation technologies, and creativity development (SCAMPER). Based on the research results, it is concluded that moral and ethical potential serves as an effective means of performing professional functions, demonstrating moral and ethical positions, humanity, ethical actions and deeds, pedagogical tact, and professional pedagogical ethics of a teacher. Its formation should be considered as a core task of professional pedagogical training. Prospects for further research are seen directly in the development of the following aspects of the problem: updating the techniques for using the moral and ethical potential of students in ensuring the success of their professional training; theoretical substantiation of various types of technologies in the development of the moral and ethical potential of future teachers, forms, and systems for assessing and controlling the formation of this complex personal creation as an important resource for the positive dynamics of their professionalism level.

Влияние online-дискуссий на формирование навыков аргументации у будущих инженеров

The paper presents the results of empirical research on the effectiveness of online discussions (OD) as a tool for forming argumentation skills among technical university students. On the one hand the actuality of the research is conditioned by the significance of discussion-based training of modern technical specialists under conditions of networking and socio-technical transformation of engineering activity. On the other hand, this problem is not elaborated in the domestic, pedagogies and also contradictory and poorly studied aspects in the foreign one. The results of the present study are important for scientifically substantiated methodological implementation of new approaches to engineering training under conditions of digitalization of education and increased requirements for discussion and information competence of a modern technical specialist. The research was conducted on the basis of two Novosibirsk universities and covered 350 second – and third-year students in "construction" and "automation and computer engineering" baccalaureate specialties. The analysis of the OD results conducted in VLE "Moodle" using "debate" (synchronous discussion) and "forum" (asynchronous discussion) methods showed that inclusion of online-discussions in to the educational process of technical universities improves argumentation skills of future engineers by 20-30 %. The data obtained at the stages of the forming and control experiment let us reveal a higher efficiency of asynchronous forms of online-discussions in comparison with synchronous ones. Their advantage is to 28,68 %, depending on the formed component of argumentation. Based on the results of the study recommendations were given to teachers to improve the effectiveness of social interaction of students during OD, including the feasibility of replacing debates with synchronous discussion methods, more focused on the joint search for solutions.

Ukrainians in the war conditions: characteristics of the experience of threats and consequences for identity

Purpose. The relevance of the study is caused by the long war with the Russian Federation, the consequences of which were reflected at all levels of social life. This has become a real test for citizens of Ukraine, when it is necessary to quickly make decisions regarding their own safety and the safety of their relatives, finding a new job, moving to another part of Ukraine, returning to the territories freed from occupation, etc. Such changes are accompanied by gaining new life experience, rethinking values, revising one's beliefs, finding support in oneself and in one's environment, self-determination in new spheres of activity. The paper aim of the research was to empirically investigate how, depending on the manifestations of the identity of the citizens of Ukraine, changes in behavior occur in dangerous conditions. Methods. Online survey, frequency analysis, comparative analysis according to Kruskal-Wallis test, interpretation and generalization of empirical research results. Results. Social and psychological changes in the behavior of citizens as a result of the impact of the war, depending on their identity, have been revealed. The Civil-European identity proved to be the most resistant to the war. Respondents with this identity experienced the most trauma, but they were able to maintain trust in people, control over their own lives and hope for the best, which characterizes a high level of adaptation to wartime conditions. Respondents with a low manifestation of civic identity, although they have a low level of traumatization, but they have a loss of trust in other people, inertia regarding their own beliefs and values under the influence of war, lack of reflection on their own behavior in conditions of danger, increased hopelessness, feeling like a victim of circumstances and loss of control over the course of one's life. Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, the social and psychological effects of community interaction in the conditions of military-political confrontation will be highlighted and strategies for understanding within Ukrainian society between communities with opposite political preferences and views will be developed.

СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЯ ПСИХІЧНОГО СТАНУ В УЯВЛЕННЯХ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПСИХОЛОГІВ

Purpose. Based on the analysis of the results of the theoretical and empirical study, to describe the perceptions of psychology students about mental stabilization in order to further take into account the results obtained in professional training, in particular, in teaching such disciplines as «Crisis Psychology», «Psychological Assistance in Emergency Situations», etc. Methods. Online survey in Google forms; content analysis; frequency analysis; interpretation and generalization of empirical research results. Results. The most frequent words in the respondents' answers about stabilization of the mental state were: «state»; «mental», «psychological», «psyche», «soul»; «me»; «person», «people»; «stabilization», «stable» / «unstable», «stabilize», «stability»; «emotions», «emotional», «emotionality»; «calm», «calm down», «normal», «normalization», «normalize»; «stress», «stressful» and similar; they were used by the vast majority of respondents when answering the question «How do you understand the expression «stabilization of mental state»?». The content analysis of answers to the question «In what cases does a person need to stabilize their mental state?» revealed that the majority of respondents believe that stabilization of the mental state is necessary in case of disharmony and imbalance of the mental and emotional sphere, stress, deterioration of health; a significant number of respondents consider external factors (traumatic, extreme and emergency events) to be cases in which a person may need mental stabilization. The results of the content analysis of answers to the question «Why should a person stabilize their mental state?» show that a minority of respondents have an active position aimed at changing their mental state, improving it, and achieving results; the majority is focused either on maintaining the current state or avoiding negative consequences. Conclusions. The results of both the theoretical review and the survey draw attention, on the one hand, to the superficiality, stereotypicality, and the presence of various interpretations of the stabilization of mental states by modern researchers, and, on the other hand, to the stereotypicality, formality, and abstractness of future psychologists' understanding of the stabilization of mental states.

Research on the Synergy between Economic Returns and Safety Investments in Enterprises

Coal, as a key input factor to ensure China's economic growth, plays an important role in the orderly development of its industry. The safety guarantee of production link is the only way to ensure the stable development of the industry, so it is in urgent need of the investment of safety funds and effective implementation to protect it. As a high-risk industry, the coal industry has a poor working environment, difficult working conditions, backward safety technology, and endless hidden dangers. In the process of development, the coal industry blindly pursues benefits while ignoring safety investment, which is exactly a common problem in China's coal enterprises and also the deep cause of coal mine safety accidents. This paper uses relevant theories to analyze the effect of coal enterprises' safety investment on economic benefit and determine its equilibrium point of safety and economic benefit. From micro level of building model, neural network model for coal enterprise economic benefit is explained variable, safety input as explanatory variables, core number of coal production, labor, labor productivity, and fixed assets and intangible assets investment as a intervening variable, such as inspection cause nonlinear relationship between safety investment and economic benefit are intermediary variables, measure the influence of different variables on economic benefit enterprise security mechanism, which integrated the result of theoretical analysis and empirical research, puts forward coal enterprises safety investment economic efficiency maximization of promotion strategy.

Assessment of the effectiveness of mounting the aircraft piston combustion engine on a test stand

The subject of the considerations described in the paper is the problem of efficiency of mounting an aircraft engine on a dyno test bench. The paper presents the empirical research results of vibroacoustic signal application to the evaluation of correctness of positioning of the Rotax 912 piston aircraft engine. The variability of selected parameters and vibroacoustic characteristics for real engine operating conditions was assessed, and functional relations and their discrete representations were developed, reflecting the efficiency of mounting the object on the frame. Thanks to this process, quantitative measures of the diagnostic assessment of the object were obtained, which can be used in periodic or continuous operational control of the object, taking into account the impact of tribological processes taking place in the test object.

Influence of “the Belt & Road Initiative” on regional logistics development in China based on DID model

As a booster of the national economy and a catalyst of industrial development, the logistics industry uniquely maintains stable economic operations and promotes industrial structural adjustment. The development of China’s logistics industry has broadened the international market and accelerated the exchange and cooperation of logistics industries between different countries. The “Belt & Road Initiative” will continue to provide impetus for the development of China’s logistics industry, which can guarantee the infrastructure interconnection of the logistics industry and ensure the fundamental implementation of the initiative. Based on theoretical analysis and the panel data of 30 provinces in China during 2005–2020, whether the “Belt & Road Initiative” had obvious policy effects on regional logistics development in China was analyzed. The empirical research results showed that the “Belt & Road Initiative” could accelerate the high-quality development of the logistics industry in the provinces along the route during the research period. Industrial proportion, per capita GDP, import and export amount of goods, investment in fixed assets of the whole society, and science and technology input positively affected the development of regional logistics industries. The regression coefficient of the energy structure in the logistics industry was negative but not significant. The research results have important decision-making reference values in promoting the regional advantages of modern logistics industries, promoting the convenience of logistics trade, improving the scientific and technological level of the logistics industry, and using other exogenous policy variables to boost the high-quality development of modern logistics industries under the background of the “Belt & Road Initiative”.

Exploring the Complexities of L2 English Academic Writing

L2 English academic writing, now a well-established field of study, incorporates a large number of interrelated issues from the perspectives of context, participants, process and textual realisation, informing various instructional models of English for academic purposes in university contexts globally. This paper looks at a number of major theoretical traditions and relevant research findings focusing on the characteristics of academic texts, writers, readers and the writing process, and shows how each tradition has inspired the development of particular approaches to teaching L2 English academic writing. Textual features are discussed from the points of view of genre and register analysis, and contextual features are looked at in terms of individual novice L2 writer characteristics, including writing strategies, the relationship between L1 and L2 academic writing, and the cultural background of writers. Related instructional models include product-, process-, and genre-based approaches whose operationalisations are closely linked to particular theoretical traditions. The paper argues that the pedagogical considerations stemming from different theoretical backgrounds and empirical research results can complement each other in a useful way leading to a more comprehensive pedagogical approach, and that the application of a well-informed, carefully selected and carefully sequenced combination of teaching techniques and accompanying materials can contribute to the successful development of L2 English academic writing skills.

საზოგადოებასთან ურთიერთობების გამოწვევები თანამედროვე საქართველოს საჯარო მმართველობაში

There are some modern problems in public relations that affect the political processes in the public administration of Georgia. The results of empirical research are discussed, the role of public relations in the state management process is analyzed on the example of Georgia; The main challenges that different political groups face in the process of implementing public relations are highlighted. The research was conducted through semistructured in-depth interviews with a targeted selection of politicians and PR professionals, both political actors and representatives of international and local organizations. The key issues of the interview included characterizing the role and importance of public relations in the state management process; the main features of the government's PR campaign; characterizing the public relations campaign of the opposition; Expectations of the population from the government, etc. Appropriate conclusions have been drawn and the relevant recommendations have been formulated in order to improve the political climate in Georgia.