Restructuring Policies Research Articles

Dampak Pandemi Covid dan Penerapan New Normal pada Kredit Bermasalah dan Profitabilitas Perbankan Di Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy, and the banking industry is no exception. The impact of the pandemic on the banking industry, namely the decline in bank health. Various efforts have been made by the government to revive the banking industry, one of which is the issuance of OJK regulation Number 11/PJOK.03/2020 concerning "National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy for the Impact of the 2019 Covid Spread". This study aims to compare the ratio of non-performing loans/financing (NPL/NPF) and banking profitability in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the new normal. The object of this research is the banking industry, both conventional and sharia in Indonesia, with an observation period of 12 months from November 2019-November 2020. The sampling method uses purposive sampling, namely sampling according to the research objectives, and produces a sample of 38 conventional banking and 33 Islamic banking. The method of analysis used paired sample t-test. The results of the analysis show that: 1) there are significant differences in non-performing loans (NPL) before and after the covid 19 pandemic for conventional banking but for Islamic banking there is no significant difference. 2) There is no significant difference in the profitability of conventional banks before and after the pandemic or the implementation of the new normal. 3) there is no significant difference in NPL/NPF after the Covid 19 pandemic and after the implementation of the new normal. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that banking restructuring policies in Indonesia to anticipate the impact of COVID-19 have not run optimally.Keywords: comparison, performance, non-performing financing, profitability, banking

Factors Affecting the Agricultural Restructuration: A Case of Cham Community in Chau Phu District, An Giang Province, Vietnam

The national policy of agricultural restructuring plays a vital role in adapting to climate change's effects and economic development in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Unproductive areas have been converted into other crops with higher efficiency. Drawn by the sustainable livelihoods approach, this article explores the current situation and factors challenging the Cham community in implementing the agricultural restructuring. The mixed method included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey. The results showed that the Xuong Com Vang longan (Dimocarpus longan) variety has occurred in Khanh Hoa commune for a long time as an indigenous fruit tree of this area. In terms of the farming system, the polyculture system combining fruit trees and upland crops brought more income sources than the monoculture system. The asset abilities of the Cham farmers are various from one to the others. Soil and weather conditions are appropriate for planting. But farm size is small, which is one of the difficulties of developing fruit areas. Human and social assets were good since farmers had enough knowledge to manage the gardens, and a close connection existed among the Cham community. It was not a case of the financial status since a lot of money needs to be invested in the starting year. Therefore, the private loan still exists as one of the farmer's choices. For better future development, land management and financial resource should be considered for better agricultural restructuring aims. To increase farmers' incomes, create production chains helping enterprises and farmers work more efficiently for the better life of Cham gardeners in An Giang province in Vietnam.

Mentoring for diversity and inclusion in pediatric radiology: nurturing the next generation of physicians from underrepresented minorities.

The increasing recognition of the need for a diverse workforce as a tool for excellence in medicine has fortified the efforts toward recruitment, retention and development of faculty from racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these efforts, individuals of Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander backgrounds remain vastly underrepresented in the radiology workforce. The main impediments to increasing their representation are an insufficient pipeline and the long time required to train a pediatric radiologist. A greater representation of minorities can only be achieved through the enduring nurturing of future pediatric radiologists along every step in the professional life cycle of a physician, from high school through fellowship completion. Restructuring of faculty recruitment and faculty development policies is also required. A key component of faculty development and overall wellness is mentorship. Junior faculty, particularly those from racial and ethnic minorities, benefit from the experience, advice and support of more experienced radiologists. Successful mentorship is key to ensuring that staff from underrepresented backgrounds thrive within their institutions and in turn become successful mentors to younger individuals, thus completing a virtuous cycle of minority mentorship.

INFLUENCE OF PERCEPTION OF TERMS, PERCEPTION OF USEFULNESS AND RISK PERCEPTION ON DEBTOR DECISIONS WITH THERE IS A CREDIT RESTRUCTURING POLICY AT BANK BRI GADANG UNIT MALANG CITY

This study aims to examine the effect of perceptions of provisions, perceptions of usefulness and perceptions of risk of credit restructuring policies on customer decisions of Bank BRI Gadang Unit Malang City. This study uses primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to customers of Bank BRI Gadang Unit Malang City. In this study using a quantitative approach with 33 respondents. In this study using multiple linear regression analysis method with other tests such as classical assumption test, validity test and reliability test with data processing using SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that there are 2 independent variables that have a significant effect on the dependent variable of customer decisions. 2 independent variables that have a significant effect, namely the perceived benefit variable and the variable perceived risk of credit restructuring. Then the validity test, reliability test and classical assumption test were declared feasible to be used for this research.

Persepsi Bank pada Pelaksanaan Restrukturisasi Kredit di Era Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a direct or indirect impact on banking. This study aims to investigate the conditions and perceptions of the banking industry in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic and credit restructuring policies in Indonesia. This study is the result of a survey of 35 Perbanas member banks representing all bank groups based on their core capital. The results of the descriptive analysis found that the banking industry was quite strong, responded well to the shocks that occurred, and had strong optimism about the banking recovery. This condition is considered to support Indonesia's financial stability.

Rice variety and sustainable farming: A case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The Mekong Delta (MKD) produces more than half of the total rice production in Vietnam. In the context of climate change, the Vietnamese government has implemented a development strategy for rice production in the MKD region to improve quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The proportion of aromatic and high-quality rice production is gradually increasing to satisfy the export market. However, there is still an over-reliance on agrochemicals and the impact of overall efficiency of major rice groups is not well understood. This study measures the overall efficiency (OE) and input slacks of rice production in the MKD and considered low-emission rice farming. Using primary survey data from 380 households, the super-slack based measure (super-SBM) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) was employed to calculate the efficiency scores and non-radial slacks of each farm. The results indicated that both aromatic rice (AR) and high-quality rice (HR) groups achieved higher OE in the autumn-winter (AW) season than in the summer-autumn (SA) season. In addition, OE also increased in paddy farms greater than two hectares and in households that have cooperative membership and practice climate smart agriculture (CSA). For the input reduction strategies based on slacks, it was found that each rice group should have the seed density reduced by amounts ranging from 29 to 45 kg/ha. N fertilizer should also be reduced by 33 kg/ha and 35 kg/ha in the SA and AW seasons, respectively. It was estimated that rice farming can correspondingly mitigate N2O emissions by 62−74.2 kg/km2 in the SA season and 64.7−73 kg/km2 in the AW season. Overall, the super-SBM model was effective in simultaneously estimating the overall efficiency and input overuse among paddy fields. In addition, the ranking of “super-efficient” rice farms also supports the restructuring policy of the government in establishing AR and HR production areas for export. Among the adaptation strategies, households that practice CSA techniques have smaller slacks of N fertilizer and irrigation. Low-emission paddy sector development in the MKD favors AR and HR if the CSA techniques are continuously promoted and strictly monitored by the Vietnamese government.

Africanizing Inclusive Education: Why, How, Who, Where and What to be Included

Although a lot of attention has been given to inclusive education (IE) both as a human right and a means of achieving equality and education for all goal, there has been controversies and complexities in its implementation. Moreover, there has been concerns on the need to decolonize/contextualize it to increase its relevance in African settings. The purpose of this study is to review relevant literature on IE in the African region. It aims at exploring IE progress and challenges in Africa as documented in existing literature and thereafter propose mechanisms of Africanizing education to ensure inclusion of African philosophy and culture to make education more accessible, meaningful, and productive. Integrative literature review was employed to analyse and synthesize database, publication, and online sources to present a more comprehensive understanding of the concept. Reference was given to the theories of inclusion and exclusion models to amicably conceptualize inclusion in a school setting. The focus was on African countries: Lower income countries are reported to adopt the western education systems with little regard to their context and as influenced by colonialism and globalization. There is therefore the need of an education system that addresses African-centred knowledge and values. The author therefore attempts to identify education elements in need of Africanization and strategies of achieving it. The study recommends restructuring policies and curriculums to make them more relevant and applicable to their regions of implementation, redefining diversity in an African setting, improving school conditions, and equipping teachers to accommodate a diverse population of learners, diversifying methodologies and adapting a whole school and community approach.

Religious policy of Kazakhstan in the years of restriction (1985–1991)

The State’s religious policy was part of a policy of restructuring during the period under review. However, the early years of restructuring ideological inertia were still strong, and preserved inductions into the increas- ing atheistic educational work. Authorities considered ideological rival in the religion not an ally. It was due to the inadequate dissemination of democratic processes in the public life of the Republic. Another reason for the stability of the state policy towards religious organizations and believers, especially Muslims, was the for- eign policy factor. The meeting between N. Nazarbaev and representatives of religions was an important event which had a great importance in implementing new approaches. Special emphasis was placed on the need for clergymen to do more to disseminate and observe universal human moral and ethical principles, mercy, charity, protection of motherhood and childhood, and help the disabled and the elderly people. There was adopted the Law of the USSR “On freedom of conscience and religious organizations”. The document changed the situation of religious organizations in the country, proclaiming democratic principles and norms. The new law reflected a new balanced and objective approach to religion and religious organizations. The rights of religious organizations have been considerably expanded and many unjustified restrictions have been removed from their activities in public life. The law enshrines respect for believers and religious organizations. The role of religion and religious organizations in society is being redefined and it grows the significance of confessions in the history and culture of the people. The religious policy of the state during the years of reconstruction served as a basis for the creation of a modern model of interfaith harmony in the country and contributed to the process of religious revival which is connected with the interest to religion as part of culture.

How can energy storage catalyze GCC electricity policy? Issues and options

Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) members have a parallel agenda of electricity market reforms together with ambitious goals of renewable energy deployment. The motivation for this agenda is multifaceted and extends beyond increasing economic efficiency. Renewable integration raises market and regulatory design issues for countries transitioning to markets and high levels of renewables though. This difficulty or perhaps even incompatibility may undercut both policies’ objectives. This paper analyses the implications of deploying new energy storage in this context. Although storage services would facilitate the integration of renewables and market restructuring policies, deploying this novel technology would raise additional regulatory issues in the electricity sector. Ignoring these regulatory challenges could not only lead to unnecessary costs of transition but also make it more difficult to obtain the full benefits of other economic policy objectives such as the removal of subsidies to relieve public finances and the release oil for sale in international markets.

PANDEMI COVID-19 IMPLIKASI BAGI PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

The Covid-19 pandemic is the result of the spread of coronavirus that occurs almost all over the world. In Indonesia, covid-19 first occurred on 02 March 2020. At that time, Indonesian citizen was infected by one of the Foreign Nationals of Japan. The transmission of covid-19 is increasing for a long time, until now covid-19 has spread in almost all 34 provinces in Indonesia. Health problems that further adversely affect almost all sectors of the industry, one of which is the Islamic banking industry. Therefore, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued several stimulus policies as a measure of anticipation of customers defaulting. This research is a descriptive study with the aim to determine the impact of pandemic covid-19 on Sharia bank financing in Indonesia. The samples used in this study were 11 Sharia commercial banks. The results showed that there are 8 Sharia commercial banks experiencing a downward trend in breeding, especially in April 2020. It can be concluded that the impact of covid-19 has a decrease in Sharia banking financing. Policies carried out by each Sharia commercial bank related to the anticipation of covid-19 to its financing activities, each bank implements a financing restructuring policy to debtors affected by the spread of covid-19

A Framework for the Assessment of Fiscal Consequences of Global Trade Wars

The article is devoted to topical issues of assessing the consequences of trade wars for the fiscal space of third countries. The main preconditions and causes of the trade conflict between the United States and China were studied. The main models for assessing the consequences of global trade wars were analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the global integrated monetary, fiscal and global trade models, which are based on the principles of general economic equilibrium and are widely used to assess the economic consequences of global challenges, including trade wars. It was found that the global integrated monetary and fiscal model, other macroeconomic models were aimed at determining the economic consequences and effects and cannot be directly used to assess fiscal risks and likely budget losses due to global trade wars. The aim of the article is to deepen the principles of assessing the fiscal consequences of trade wars in the conditions of uncertainty in foreign economic policy and directions of restructuring of the world value chains. The economic consequences of the conflict and the channels of their spread to third countries were identified taking into account the deepening globalization processes. The direct and indirect dependence of exports and imports, GDP, investments, factor productivity level and tax revenues on changes in foreign trade, tariff increases, increasing uncertainty in world trade in the short, medium and long term is highlighted. The estimates obtained by different models are summarized. The fiscal consequences of the trade conflict between the United States and China for Ukraine as a country with a small, open and predominantly commodity economy were quantified. The inclusion in fiscal risks of probable losses of foreign trade from global trade wars, arising due to various reasons, which may decrease the tax revenues or increase the expenditures on the public support of enterprises, is justified. Changes in the methodology for assessment of fiscal risks are proposed, enabling to estimate the cost impact of fiscal risks on the public budget of Ukraine. Proposals for improvements in the statistical monitoring of business activity of enterprises, to form an appropriate information base for monitoring foreign economic activities, assessing fiscal risks and making decisions to ensure the sustainability of public finance and public support for enterprises in the conditions of global trade wars, are substantiated.

Determining Factors of Financial Performance Recovery in BRI During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) succeeded in loan restructuring in the Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) segment. Loan restructuring has succeeded in pushing BRI to achieve the highest financial performance. This study aims to determine the success factors of BRI's loan restructuring. The research object is the Credit Restructuring and Recovery Division. This study applies a qualitative case study. Interviews and documentation were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that the critical success factor in dealing with the crisis is ability to adapt to policies change. The debtor's criteria and loan restructuring cycle are critical success factors of BRI's loan restructuring before the restructuring policy is set. The combination of three main components, namely interest rates, extending loan terms, and payment delays, are a determining factor for the success of loan restructuring. There are five components that support the success of loan restructuring, namely loan marketing, loan guarantee, personal values, information and communication, and other party cooperation.

Trade Policy Impact on Global Value Chain Participation of the South Asian Countries

This article provides an empirical analysis on the relationship between trade policy and global value chain (GVC) participation of the South Asian countries using Asian Development Bank’s country-sector Wang, Wei and Zhu decomposed exports data. We employ theoretically grounded three-way fixed effects gravity model with bias correction for incidental parameter problem to get unbiased and consistent coefficients for trade policy variables. This study finds strong evidence for the depressing effect of border tariffs on bilateral exports and forward and backward GVC participation. The negative effects are most prominent in the agriculture and food sectors. Moreover, we find that the regional trade agreements (RTAs) of South Asian countries have a negligible impact on trade and GVC participation in most sectors. However, we find evidence for the phasing-in effect of RTAs and a strong negative effect on bilateral food trade and GVC participation. Reformulating trade policy priorities and restructuring the RTAs to remove strict general regulatory measures like sensitive lists and rules of origin (ROO) should be South Asian policymakers’ priorities for robust trade lead growth. JEL Classification: F14, L23, O11, O55, Q17

IMPLEMENTATION OF CREDIT RESTRUCTURING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD (Case study on Rural Banks)

The banking sector is one of the sectors affected, several policies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 have caused productivity to decline, productivity has decreased, the next impact is hampered liquidity. Rural Bank is a form of banking on a micro-scale that substantially has a function like banking in general, where liquidity risk is also one of the risk exposures for Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Nusantara. In particular. Based on this background phenomenon, further research will be conducted to examine the health of the bank's financial ratios and profitability after the impact of the implementation of the credit restructuring policy at Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Nusantara. The research method used is a qualitative method with inductive data analysis and qualitative research emphasizes the meaning or data behind what is observed. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that in general, the financial health and profitability ratios at Credit Banks during the Covid 19 period experienced a decline in performance throughout 2020 compared to 2019. The strategic steps taken by the Nusantara Credit Bank Bona Pasogit 10 during the Covid 19 period were: (a). Develop an internal policy for restructuring debtors affected by COVID-19 (b). Establish a team and task force for handling debtors affected by covid-19 (c). Restructuring debtors affected by Covid-19 and (d). Reporting to the Financial Services Authority as mandated in POJK 48/POJK.02/2020.

The Irish Football Player Pathway: Examining Stakeholder Coherence Throughout and Across the Player Development System.

Maximizing the efficiency of the player development system is a strategic priority for any professional football club or association. However, the successful development of a young footballer is largely dependent upon the roles and relationships of the different stakeholders invested in the developmental process. This study examined the level of horizontal (i.e., extent to which stakeholders across a pathway stage work with players in an agreed fashion to optimize their experience) and vertical (i.e., extent to which multiple stages of the pathway are coordinated and build chronologically from previous involvement toward long-term needs) stakeholder coherence throughout the Irish football player pathway following a restructuring of development policies and the implementation of a nationwide academy system between 2016 and 2020 under the Football Association of Ireland's (FAI) Player Development Plan. As a second aim, we explored each of the key stakeholders' alignment to academic talent development principles in order to provide practical recommendations for future player and coach development policies. Accordingly, a series of interviews were conducted with 31 key stakeholders currently engaged in the player pathway. These key stakeholders consisted of parents, coaches and members of the FAI as the National Governing Body for football in Ireland. Data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, with findings highlighting a lack of stakeholder coherence across the pathway, both vertically and horizontally. Stakeholders displayed inconsistency in their understanding of the purpose of the player pathway and its long-term strategic aims, as well as demonstrating poor and incohesive relationships with each of the different stakeholders. Moreover, talent development principles between the different stakeholders appeared well-understood overall, although the practical implementation of several of these principles in applied practice did not appear to exist. Results highlight the need for organizational intervention and structural change across the Irish player pathway to maximize long-term player development in the future. Practical implications for the FAI are discussed and recommendations are made to support optimal player development policies moving forward.

Livelihood transformation through microfinance: an empirical investigation on tribal entrepreneurs in India

Microcredit, the most famous form of microfinance institution's services, acts as a booster throughout the nation to correct up issues of livelihood transformation, economic regeneration and empowerment. So, to overcome the inequality and advocate further restructuring policies, periodical evaluation of the organisational offerings towards the backward clusters becomes absolutely necessary. India lives in villages. So, backward districts with primitive ethnic groups can be an ideal target to assess the impact of microcredit towards betterment. Considering 425 respondents from five backward districts of India, it has been observed that microcredit has a positive influence towards transformation of livelihood status through different dimensions of empowerment. It reflects the realistic information about the journey of changes in the living of selective ethnic section of the society exploring different aspects of economic and mental well-being. This study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the tribal communities of India and their well-being. Along with that the acceptance and positioning of MFIs in their society towards the conversation of livelihoods should be the focal point for better tomorrow.

НАПРЯМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Full-scale aggression and the introduction of martial law became a severe challenge to the banking sector's stability. In such conditions, the banks need qualitatively new approaches to ensuring and maintaining financial stability. The article defines the prerequisites and mechanisms for maintaining the stable financial condition of banks in conditions of the unfavorable influence of external factors. We have identified the trends of changes in the number of financial institutions and the main problems faced by banks that ceased their activities. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of banking sector assets showed an increase in the share of state banks in the market, which can be explained both by a specific reduction in the volume of activities of private banks and by the intensification of investment operations of state banks with state securities. The increase in the share of non-performing loans and the application of extension programs harmed banks' financial results. Banks' regulatory capital was sufficient to cover currency, credit, and operational risks. Despite the decrease in regulatory capital in the first half of 2022, the banking sector found resources for its gradual recovery in the second half of the year. According to the authors, the directions for maintaining the financial stability of the banking sector under martial law are: adequate prudential supervision aimed at identifying existing or potential vulnerabilities of the banking system, searching for effective risk management mechanisms, ensuring access to refinancing, maintaining competition in the banking sector; improvement of credit risk management, which involves a qualitative assessment of the potential amount of losses, identification of sources of their coverage, a balanced policy of debt restructuring and effective communication with borrowers; further expansion of the use of digital tools and service channels. An equally important direction is the involvement of banks in the recovery of the economy and the implementation of state and international stimulus programs.

Factors Influencing Cambodia’s Master’s Degree Students to Choose between Thesis and Coursework Program

The educational sector in Cambodia has experienced significant growth over the years, featuring increased number of higher institutions as well as greater turn out of graduates from educational institutions of learning in the country. However, what remains an ongoing concern is the inability of students to enroll for courses which are highly demanded in the market. The absence of a requisite agency to conduct effective restructuring and enforcement of higher education policies, among other factors has significantly contributed to the restriction of Master’s degree students in choosing between research-based and coursework programs. Previous studies used theoretical frameworks such as social change as a unifying model for explaining the choice for more engaging and rigorous programs like research courses as opposed to coursework-based programs. Therefore, this study aims at obtaining the motivations or de-motivation amongst master’s degree students for either choosing research or coursework-based approach to their program. Using a quantitative study design featuring the use of a structured questionnaire, 187 students were enrolled for this study and data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. 58% of participants are enrolled in coursework-based type of masters while 42% are enrolled in thesis-based masters’ degrees, and 59.5% of respondents answered that their reason for choosing coursework over thesis was to balance between family and education constraints. Results from this study show that lack of research skills, time constraints, family factors, quality of education offered by institutions, and lack of knowledgeable advisors leads to the choice of coursework over thesis amongst the students.

Reclaiming power

Intimate partner violence against women and children is a growing concern for feminist scholarship in the Anglophone Caribbean. This scholarship is significant in challenging patriarchal gender ideologies at the intersections of race, class and sexuality. This body of work reveals how violence is embedded in the state and governmental bodies, and highlights the overall disparities in the implementation of laws. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how neoliberal restructuring policies implicate and affect women differently based on their positionality. While this work is critical in addressing intimate partner violence against women and children, the LGBTQ community in the region has remained vulnerable to violence at multiple levels of society. This article contributes to this work by focusing on same-sex intimate partner violence between women in Guyana. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to map out the traditional gendered framing of violence against heterosexual and women loving women; second, to argue that in Guyana’s context of persistent social, political and economic inequalities, women loving women use violence as a resource of resolution to reclaim and secure power.

The Effect Credit Restructuring Relaxation on Financial Performance in LPD Buleleng Regency During the Pandemic of Covid-19

During the Covid-19 pandemic, several Village Credit Institutions (LPD) experienced difficulties in their operations, so doing business would need to make various efforts. The implementation of various programs to support policies related to credit is carried out to maintain the growth of Village Credit Institutions (LPD), one of which is the relaxation of credit restructuring policies for people who have credit at Village Credit Institutions (LPD). This study aims to analyze the effect of the relaxation of credit restructuring on LPD financial performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The nature of this research is an explanation with quantitative methods to test the causality of these variables. The variables in question are the relaxation of credit restructuring and performance. The total population of this study was 81 LPD. Determination of the sample using random sampling technique to obtain a total sample of 46 LPD. This research data collection uses documentation and questionnaire techniques. The data technique used in this study is a simple linear regression with the help of the SPSS 21 application. The results of this study are a positive analysis credit restructuring regression coefficient of 0.968 which means that each increase in credit restructuring by one unit will lead to an increase in the financial performance of 0.968 with the assumption of independent variables other constant. The results of data analysis showed that credit restructuring partially affected financial performance. The key is that credit restructuring has a significant positive effect on the financial performance of the Buleleng Regency LPD during the Covid-19 Pandemic.