Responsibility For Health Research Articles

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status, Perceived Threat and Healthism on Vaccine Hesitancy

The ideology of healthism and low perceptions of the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases may explain the positive link between socioeconomic status (SES) and vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries. The present study aimed to examine the effect of three measures of SES (education, income and family economic status), the perceived threat of infectious diseases and two dimensions of healthism (personal responsibility for own health and distrust in healthcare institutions) on vaccine hesitancy, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional quantitative study was performed in 2019. Non-probability sampling was employed by sending invitations to respondents over the age of 18 to participate in the study. The snowball technique was used, employing e-mails and digital social networks (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram). Data from 661 respondents were collected via 1 ka.si, an online survey tool. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that vaccine hesitancy was significantly more likely to be expressed by women (β = 0.09; p < 0.001), high-income respondents (β = 0.09; p < 0.01), those who have lower perceptions of the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases (β = 0.39; p < 0.001) and those scoring high on two healthism measures (expressing high perceived control of their own health (β = 0.18; p < 0.001) and high distrust in the Slovenian healthcare system and institutions (β = 0.37; p < 0.001)). The findings indicate that among the examined predictors, low perceived threat of vaccine-preventable diseases and low trust in the healthcare system are among the strongest predictors of vaccine hesitancy among the Slovenian public. Policymakers, physicians and other healthcare workers should be especially attentive to the public’s and patients’ perceptions of the risk of infectious diseases and distrust in medical institutions, including during doctor–patient communication and through public health campaigns and policies.

Students' Knowledge and Willingness Towards COVID-19 Vaccination, University of Bohol

The COVID-19 pandemic has gripped the world, necessitating a collective response. As vaccination emerges as a critical tool in the battle against the virus, this research explores the knowledge and willingness of allied medical students at the University of Bohol toward COVID-19 vaccination. With 839 students enrolled for the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022, a representative sample of 286 students was selected. Utilizing a standardized questionnaire, the study assessed knowledge levels and willingness to vaccinate among students from the College of Nursing, Pharmacy, Midwifery, and Physical and Occupational Therapy departments. Results indicate a moderate knowledge level (composite mean = 2.84), with awareness of preventive measures and the existence of a vaccine. Positive attitudes towards vaccination, emphasizing communal health responsibility and trust in healthcare providers, were evident. However, concerns about potential side effects were relatively low. Demographic analyses revealed age and sex-based variations in knowledge and willingness, emphasizing the need for tailored educational initiatives. Notably, there was no significant correlation between knowledge and willingness, underscoring the multi-faceted nature of individuals' attitudes toward vaccination. These findings provide crucial insights for public health strategies, urging targeted educational campaigns and emphasizing nuanced approaches for different demographic groups. The study contributes valuable perspectives for refining vaccination programs and addressing the evolving challenges posed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Time-Space Companions: Digital Surveillance, Social Management, and Abuse of Power During the Covid-19 Pandemic in China

ABSTRACT Based on ethnographic research carried out during the 2022 Covid-19 surge in southern China, this paper examines the roll-out of a contact-tracing tool called the Time-Space Companion project. The project exemplifies a state effort to incorporate data-driven surveillance technology into the public health apparatus during the coronavirus outbreak. By exploring the definition, identification, and management of Time-Space Companions, the paper shows that the project was used to discipline Chinese citizens and shift public health responsibilities onto them by transforming daily life into sites of public health regulation, discipline, and criminalization. The project also exemplified an on-going state effort to leverage surveillance technologies for the purposes of social management. The paper draws attention to the social repercussions that resulted when technology offered a tempting tool to enhance the infrastructural and despotic powers of mundane state actors.

The path to good health: Shifting the dialogue and promoting social ecological thinking

The purpose of our research was to assess whether an intervention could produce changes in critical consciousness (CC) relative to participants' understanding of social influences on health and individual health behaviors. The intervention was a 4-min animation, entitled The Path to Good Health , that described how factors in our social environment influence individuals in a variety of ways and thereby our health. We used the same sampling and intervention strategies with two discrete cohorts of participants (Initial study: June 2018, n = 249; Retest study: October 2019, n = 315), who were recruited and incentivized through Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. We measured direction and extent of change from pre-to post-intervention in four key constructs of CC (Passive Adaptation, Emotional Engagement, Cognitive Awakening, and Intentions to Act) using the 4-Factor Critical Consciousness Scale (4-FCCS), and we investigated differential effects of the intervention related to demographics of participants, including political typology. We also assessed concurrent and predictive validity of the (4-FCCS). Changes of CC subscale scores from pretest to posttest moved in the expected direction in both the Initial and Retest studies; Cohen's d effect sizes were medium to very large in both studies. Overall, findings suggest the video intervention was effective at improving CC among participants drawn from the general population. We demonstrated that it is possible to influence people's cognitive-emotional interpretations in as little as 4 min, regardless of one's political ideology, and that the (4-FCCS) is sufficiently sensitive to measure changes in CC. This study provides preliminary evidence that a brief intervention can broaden cognitive-emotional interpretations from an over-emphasis on personal responsibility for individual health to an appreciation of the impact of social ecological factors on population health.

Sleep and Military Leaders: Examining the Values, Beliefs, and Quality of Sleep and the Impact on Occupational Performance.

Sleep deprivation is rampant within the military population, and insufficient sleep can lead to physical and mental health problems impacting soldier's readiness and deployability. Past research has shown the importance of leadership's role in subordinates' sleep health. Understanding the values, beliefs, and quality of military leader sleep is essential to the development of effective interventions to optimize occupational performance and overall sleep health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the military leaders' values, beliefs, and sleep quality and the impact on occupational performance. The authors aimed to (1) identify military leaders' sleep quality and beliefs; (2) explore the relationship between military leaders' sleep quality, beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and impact on occupational performance; and (3) examine the value leaders place on sleep for themselves and subordinates in relation to occupational performance. This observational, mixed-methods study design recruited a convenience sample of 109 Army active duty medical service members currently serving in a leadership role. Participants completed an electronic survey to include general demographic information and three self-report measures: the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index, the Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep, and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Eleven participants completed the semi-structured qualitative interview focusing on sleep values and the impacts on performance. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed for statistical analysis of the quantitative survey data, whereas thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative interview data. This study was approved by the U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence Institutional Review Board. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated small-to-medium effect sizes (R2 = 0.355-0.559) for relationships between sleep quality, sleep beliefs, functional performance, and demographic variables. More specifically, military grade, position, use of alcohol, time in service, and gender were all found to contribute significantly to scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Scale-16, and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (P < .05). Qualitative data resulted in three primary themes: (1) Poor sleep degrades performance, (2) sleep is a top priority, and (3) leaders have a responsibility for subordinates' sleep health. This sample of military leaders was found to perceive themselves as poor-quality sleepers despite demonstrating more functional attitudes and beliefs about sleep and reporting normal-to-mild impairments in daily functioning as a result of daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, findings suggest that leaders' sleep quality and beliefs stand to be further improved, whereas their sleep values need to be consistently demonstrated to subordinates. With a clearer understanding of military leaders' values, beliefs, and sleep quality, future research could focus on implementing and developing holistically based and individualized sleep interventions intended to optimize performance and sleep health.

Health-Promoting Lifestyle among the Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review.

Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among the survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential to reduce CRC complications, prevent its recurrence, and improve survival. Nonetheless, there is no comprehensive definition for the concept of HPL in CRC survivors. This study aimed to define the concept of HPL among CRC survivors based on the existing literature. This integrative review was conducted in 2021 using Whittemore and Knafl's method. The national and international databases of SID, Magiran, ProQuest, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the data were analyzed using the four-step approach proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. After data evaluation, 167 documents were included in final analysis. In total, 1863 codes were generated and categorized into eighteen main categories and the three main themes of antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Accordingly, HPL among CRC survivors was defined as "a set of behaviors in the areas of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, psychological management, and interpersonal relations which are affected by socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological status, physical conditions, time and place limitations, and patient education, and lead to better disease prognosis, better general health status, better bio-psycho-social status, and better quality of life". The definition of HPL among CRC survivors provided in the present study can be used in counseling, educational, supportive, and care programs for CRC survivors in order to improve their quality of life and survival.

Recent Trends in Investment Arbitration on the Right to Regulate, Environment, Health and Corporate Social Responsibility: Too Much or Too Little?

Abstract The article addresses the recent trends in investment arbitration, focusing on the evolution of international investment agreements from the perspective of the right of the States to regulate in public interest, as well as of the provisions concerning environment, health, and corporate social responsibility. These issues have been chosen because they highlight areas where the tension between sovereign and private interests is evident, as well as where States often face resistance in implementing public policy. Furthermore, the discussion is opportune as the mandate entrusted to the UNCITRAL Working Group III concerned with investor-State dispute settlement reform is limited to procedural aspects of such reform, leaving to the discretion of the States, as treaty-makers, the regulation of the substantive issues concerning foreign investments. The analysis of the international investment agreements concluded between January 2018 and December 2020 demonstrates that treaty language is constantly evolving to protect and expand the scope of States’ regulatory autonomy. The article concludes that investor-State dispute settlement remains the framework in which environmental, human rights and corporate social responsibility obligations can be smoothly integrated within the international investment law, allowing both States and investors to take advantage of and be held accountable for their respective obligations.

An Investigation of Pregnant Women's Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccination and Trust in Health Services.

Vaccination of children is of great importance for their healthy growth and development. Several concerns that have been mentioned by families due to various reasons could affect vaccination acceptance. This study aims to investigate pregnant women's attitudes toward childhood vaccinations and trust in health services. This study was designed as a descriptive study. It was conducted in a city located in the eastern part of Turkey between March and May 2019. The sample was 193 volunteer pregnant women. Data were collected using the Socio-demographic Form, the Multidimensional Trust in Health-care System Scale, and the Public Attitude toward Vaccination Scale - Health Belief Model. A positive, statistically significant relationship was found between the Multidimensional Trust in Healthcare System Scale total mean score and Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, and Health Responsibility (p < .01). In addition, education and income level, having social security, having had a vaccination or not, and knowing vaccines affected trusts in health services; having social security, having had vaccinations or not, and knowing vaccines affected health beliefs about vaccinations (p <0.05). This study found that knowing vaccines affects both trust in health services and health beliefs about vaccination. Therefore, community health nurses working in primary care should provide parents with accurate and effective information about vaccinations.

Australia's political engagement on health and climate change: the MJA-Lancet Countdown indicator and implications for the future.

Australia's political engagement on health and climate change: the MJA-Lancet Countdown indicator and implications for the future.

Influence of Health-promoting Lifestyle on the Living Quality of the Elderly in Guangxi, China

Objective: To understand the current situation of health promotion lifestyle and living quality of the elderly in Guangxi Province, China. To analyze the influencing factors of the living quality of the elderly in Guangxi, and to explore the influence of health promotion lifestyle on the quality of life. Methods: The health promotion lifestyle scale (HPLP-C) and the health status survey summary table (SF-36) were applied to investigate the elderly aged 60 and above in Guangxi. Results: The total health promotion lifestyle of the elderly in Guangxi is 94.63±13.90 points, lower than the total health promotion lifestyle studied by scholars in the past 10 years. The total quality of life is 71.91±13.04, which is lower than China’s norm. After typical correlation analysis, the results showed that the typical correlation between health promotion lifestyle and quality of life reached significant levels, both with positive correlation. Conclusions: Good health promotion lifestyle standards can improve the living quality of the elderly, in which health responsibility, self-realization, interpersonal support, exercise, stress treatment, physical function (PF), role physiological (RP), bodily pain (BP), overall health (GH), vitality (VT), social function (SF), and mental health (MH) are the main determine factors affecting the relationship, and interventions can be taken to improve the living quality of the elderly in Guangxi.

Is a Holistic Health Practice Program Effective to Promote Personal Growth in Persons with Serious Mental Illness – A Pilot Study

Background: Self-help groups (SHG) have been found to be effective in enhancing psychiatric rehabilitation. A Holistic Health Practice Program (HHPP) was developed in which all recovery components are covered. It has been conducted on a group of student nurses and was found to be effective in promoting holistic health, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. But the question arises if it is also effective when conducted on the members of the SHG comprising persons with serious mental illness. Aim: This study aimed to explore the holistic health status of the members of the SHG and investigate whether the HHPP is effective for the personal growth of members of the SHG, including persons with serious mental illness and trained lay persons as volunteers in the group. Methods: A pre- and post-test group approach was adopted in this study. Group members were invited to join an HHPP, which consisted of 6 sessions held within 6 weeks, with one session weekly comprising 3 hours per session. Participants were asked to fill in a pre-test questionnaire before the program and a post-test questionnaire when they completed the program. Results: Results showed that among the 6 domains of the healthy lifestyle profile, participants scored the lowest in the physical activity of the physical domain, followed by the health responsibility of the psychological domain. Whereas, they scored the highest in the interpersonal relations of the social domain. The study also found no significant differences between the mean scores of the persons with serious mental illness and the volunteers. Besides, there were significantly positive increases in mean scores in the domains of physical activity, nutritional habits, spiritual growth, and the total scores of HPLP-II (P&lt;0.05), as well as self-esteem (P&lt;0.05) and self-efficacy (P&lt;0.05) when comparing the pre-test and post-test results. Conclusion: This study showed that the holistic health status of persons with serious mental illness is the same as that of the general population. It also demonstrated that the Holistic Health Practice Program is effective in promoting holistic health, self-esteem, and self-efficacy among the persons with serious mental illness and the volunteers.

Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples ed. by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse

Reviewed by: Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples ed. by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse Adam Thomas Murry Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: The Legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Edited by Katherine A. H. Graham and David Newhouse. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2021. ix + 487 pp. Figures, tables, index. $31.95 paper. Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future is an essential read for any scholar, government official, or student that is interested in the ways the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (RCAP, 1996) has influenced efforts to improve Indigenous services, status, and policies in Canada. To many, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (2015) report is front and center for guidance on how to address the effects of hundreds of years of assimilationist policies, the racist and oppressive colonial ideologies that justified them, and the inequities they produced. What many do not know is that Canada already had volumes of insight and consultation from Indigenous leaders and community members in the RCAP; this book does well to detail them. Following the RCAP report, a series of papers were written to explicate how recommendations from the report could be actualized. This text is a collection of these papers, covering governance, health, economic development, education, child welfare services, policy, counseling and therapy, research, and public engagement. The first section of the book contains two chapters that outline the context of the RCAP and the definitions RCAP produced around sovereignty, self-determination, and self-governance, particularly in terms of health governance, jurisdiction, and responsibility, asserting the joint responsibility of First Nations and the Canadian government. This section also reviews important constitutional sections, legal decisions, and treaty agreements that empower First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities in our era, as well as the complexities and challenges given the lingering authority of the Indian Act. The second section contains eight chapters, or eight letters, presented at the 2016 conference Sharing the Land, Sharing a Future: A National Forum for Reconciliation, which commemorated and reflected on the 20 years since the RCAP report was published. Written by the RCAP cochairs, national chiefs of the Assembly of First Nations and Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, presidents of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Métis National Council, and Native Women's Association of Canada, and the minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, the letters present leaders' perspectives on the vision and intentions of RCAP, the history since it was released, how it has been used along with other reports to advance self-determination and self-governance at the local level, and what remains to be done to establish healthy and collaborative Nation-to-Nation relationships between Indigenous Nations and the Crown and federal government. The third section, which comprises most of the text, are chapters written by Indigenous scholars and non-Indigenous partners in concentrated areas affected by RCAP's recommendations. Topical areas include education, poverty, economic development, health and wellness, cultural safety, child services, healing, and research. With an impressive list of co-authors, such as Jo-ann Archibald, David Newhouse, Caroline Tait, and Amy Bombay, each issue is discussed both in terms of cutting-edge perspectives as well as RCAP recommendations. Central across all domains is the duty for governments to consult with the affected Indigenous communities in question before and during policy and program development, for localized solutions to be born out of respect for communities' self-determined goals, grounded in their right for survival as distinct cultural peoples, and with the long-term commitment to foster independent, healthy, and financially stable Nations. The fourth and final section, appropriately named "Moving to Action," is a set of chapters dedicated to raising public awareness and engagement, improving research funding opportunities and standards, writing and rewriting policy, and shifting public opinion. Despite the numerous ways this text documents our failures to achieve the vision set forth by RCAP, it simultaneously demonstrates [End Page 60] the many concrete ways progress has been made, with a hopeful eye toward the future. Adam Thomas Murry Department of Psychology University of Calgary Copyright © 2023 Center for Great Plains Studies

카자흐스탄 의무의료보험제도 도입 과정 연구

In November 2015, Kazakhstan introduced the “Compulsory Social Health Insurance System (the System) in the social insurance format,” first among the Central Asian countries, including Russia. By introducing the system, the country shifted from the previous government-led medical insurance system that had originated from the era of the former Soviet Union to that in the “social insurance format.” Under the new system, every citizen pays health insurance premiums and bears the collective responsibility for public health. The process of introducing the System was quite abrupt, which was possible because Kazakhstan is an authoritative nation where the president of the country exerts enormous power. In this regard, this study alters and modifies Kingdon's multiple streams framework model, which is useful for analyzing such an abrupt process of policy change by period, and applies the revised version as the analysis framework. The analysis period was classified into three periods based on the national mood, the presence and direction of policies, etc. In addition, the intensity of the three streams(problems, politics and policies), and the extent of the policy entrepreneur’s role were set as the specific components of the analytical framework. As a result of the analysis, the policy change succeeds in the third period(Jan. 2014-Jan.2020). The results confirmed that when the aforementioned model is applied, policy entrepreneurs played the most important role in the policy change process in Kazakhstan for the introduction of the compulsory social health insurance system. Nazarbayev, a policy entrepreneur, first recognized the necessity of improving the public health budget indicators, which had been deteriorating since 2010, from the perspective of the flow of policy problems. Based on his realization, Nazarbayev tried to strengthen the country's financial soundness by resolving the identified policy problems and further, he intended to achieve the advancement and modernization of the country. Aggressive and enthusiastic efforts and firm and decisive willingness of the policy entrepreneur finally led to the successful policy change. Consequently, the System was established and implemented nationwide in Kazakhstan from January 2020, starting with partial implementation in July 2017.

Who Is (Held) Responsible for Diabetes and Depression?

Responsibility frames and attributions of responsibility are closely linked to health-related stigma and social support intentions, which present relevant influencing factors for health outcomes. According to social-ecological models, health responsibility can potentially be attributed to at least three levels: 1) the individual, 2) the social network, and 3) society. So far, little is known about responsibility attributions to the social network. This qualitative interview study explores how N = 22 persons with and without lived experience with diabetes and depression react to a media frame attributing responsibility to the social network level, aiming to understand how framing and responsibility attributions are linked to health-related stigma and endorsement of social support. Results demonstrate that specifically type 2 diabetes is linked to individually controllable attributions and behavioural stigma, and individuals living with type 2 diabetes are expected to manage their condition without considerable social support. In contrast, depression is seen as less controllable, less manageable, and dependent on social and professional support. For both diabetes and depression, frames attributing responsibility to the social network may stimulate social support but also carry certain risks. These results offer implications for health news reporting, and perspectives for further research on health-related responsibility framing.

Lifestyle Changes Reduced Estimated White Matter Hyperintensities Based on Retinal Image Analysis.

This study evaluates if there is an association between lifestyle changes and the risk of small vessel disease (SVD) as measured by cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) estimated by the automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) method. We recruited 274 individuals into a community cohort study. Subjects were assessed at baseline and annually with the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Questionnaire (HPLP-II) and underwent a simple physical assessment. Retinal images were taken using a non-mydriatic digital fundus camera to evaluate the level of WMH estimated by ARIA (ARIA-WMH) to measure the risk of small vessel disease. We calculated the changes from baseline to one year for the six domains of HPLP-II and analysed the relationship with the ARIA-WMH change. A total of 193 (70%) participants completed both the HPLP-II and ARIA-WMH assessments. The mean age was 59.1 ± 9.4 years, and 76.2% (147) were women. HPLP-II was moderate (Baseline, 138.96 ± 20.93; One-year, 141.97 ± 21.85). We observed a significant difference in ARIA-WMH change between diabetes and non-diabetes subjects (0.03 vs. -0.008, respectively, p = 0.03). A multivariate analysis model showed a significant interaction between the health responsibility (HR) domain and diabetes (p = 0.005). For non-diabetes subgroups, those with improvement in the HR domain had significantly decreased in ARIA-WMH than those without HR improvement (-0.04 vs. 0.02, respectively, p = 0.003). The physical activity domain was negatively related to the change in ARIA-WMH (p = 0.02). In conclusion, this study confirms that there is a significant association between lifestyle changes and ARIA-WMH. Furthermore, increasing health responsibility for non-diabetes subjects reduces the risk of having severe white matter hyperintensities.

The relationship between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy, and health-promoting behavior in nursing students during COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety (R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r = -0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors (R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion (β = -0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status (β = -0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week (β = -0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health (β = -0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL (β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.

The effect of telenursing education of self-care on health-promoting behaviors in patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A clinical trial study.

Multiple sclerosis is associated with decrease in health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) and require appropriate nursing interventions. Telenursing can play an important role in education of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in which face-to-face education is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-care education with telenursing approach on HPBs in patients with MS. In this clinical trial, 68 patients with MS were selected using simple random sampling from Jahrom MS Society and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=34) and control (n=34) groups. In the intervention group, educational sessions were held three days a week for six weeks. Data were collected using demographic information and Walker's Health-Promoting Lifestyle questionnaires before and immediately after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS software (Ver. 21). Based on the findings, immediately after the intervention, the mean score of HPBs was significantly higher (p=0.005) in the intervention group (145.38±26.66) than the control group (129.18±22.35). The means of nutrition, exercise, health responsibility, and stress management were significantly different between the intervention and control groups immediately after the intervention (p < 0.05). results this study indicated that self-care education with telenursing approach was effective on HPBs in patients with MS. It can be beneficial to employ as an educative-supportive approach in MS patients.

Occupational Health Literacy Scale (OHLS): development and validation of a domain-specific measuring instrument

Occupational health literacy (OHL) is a domain-specific approach that can empower people to make health-appropriate decisions in the work environment. OHL comprises the knowledge, skills and willingness of people to access and process health-related information and to apply it in work situations. The aim of this study was to evolve a conceptual model and validate a scale for OHL, that can be used in many sectors in the Western industrial countries, which does not yet exist. After piloting, item selection and alteration were carried out in a pretest with n = 163 working adults in diverse small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany. The resulting OHL items were validated in a main survey with n = 828 participants working in small- and medium-sized enterprises and among them 47.5% people with migration background. The final 12-item questionnaire had good structural characteristics and is reliable and valid for measuring OHL. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, good fit indices (root mean square error of approximation = 0.063, comparative fit index = 0.940) confirmed a two-factor structure: (i) knowledge and skill-based processing of health information (internal consistency α = 0.88) and (ii) willingness and responsibility for occupational health (α = 0.74). The OHL scale fills the gap regarding domain-specific OHL questionnaires for working adults in diverse sectors in Western industrial countries. The Occupational Health Literacy Scale can be used to identify the needs of employees and companies and then to adapt and evaluate health promotion measures. Further research could include validation and use in other countries and large companies.

On Time, Leisure, and Health in Retirement: Implications for Public Health Services.

Various life challenges, such as widowhood, poor health, or significant caregiving responsibilities, can make the possibility of how to spend one's time in retirement seem daunting. Planning can help people feel more confident and prepared. In this paper, we review research that has examined: (1) life factors impacting fears about and adjustment to retirement, (2) access to resources and utilization of strategies that impact adaptation processes, and (3) the ways leisure and leisure education may be resources to support not only individual adaptation but practices of public health service providers in assisting people who may be struggling with this transition. The review ends with recommendations for public health practice including: (1) the inclusion of leisure and leisure education as a focus of service provision; (2) the development of partnerships or collaborations between public health and recreation-related organizations; and (3) the development and delivery of group- and individual-based leisure education programs.

Consent and Complications in Health Care: The Italian Context.

Informed consent is the manifestation of the will that a patient freely expresses toward a medical treatment. The physician is responsible for acquiring informed consent for both medical and nursing procedures. Informed consent represents a juridical-deontological tool that allows therapeutic choices to be shared with the user after having exhaustively explained the risks and benefits of the procedure itself. In fact, the physician has an obligation to provide the patient with clear and comprehensible information about the type of service, the methods of delivery, the benefits, the risks, even unforeseeable ones, and the complications. According to Italian legal guidelines, in cases of presumed health responsibility, the health professional accused of negligence will have to demonstrate that any complication that has arisen, although foreseeable, was not preventable. Through the analysis of a clinical case relating to the procedure of insertion of a bladder catheter performed by a nurse and a review of the literature, the authors explain the importance of the information that must be provided to the patient before carrying out any invasive procedure, even if not performed by the doctor. The authors describe the problem in the Italian context and propose a possible solution.