Response Of Common Bean Research Articles

Transcriptomic Response to Water Deficit Reveals a Crucial Role of Phosphate Acquisition in a Drought-Tolerant Common Bean Landrace.

Drought is one of the most critical factors limiting legume crop productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in the common bean is required to improve the yields of this important crop under adverse conditions. In this work, RNA-seq analysis was performed to compare the transcriptome profiles of drought-stressed and well-irrigated plants of a previously characterized drought-tolerant common bean landrace. The analysis revealed responses related with the abscisic acid signaling, including downregulation of a phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and an abscisic acid-8′ hydroxylase, and upregulation of several key transcription factors and genes involved in cell wall remodeling, synthesis of osmoprotectants, protection of photosynthetic apparatus, and downregulation of genes involved in cell expansion. The results also highlighted a significant proportion of differentially expressed genes related to phosphate starvation response. In addition, the moderate detrimental effects of drought in the biomass of these tolerant plants were abolished by the addition of phosphate, thus indicating that, besides the ABA-mediated response, acquisition of phosphate could be crucial for the drought tolerance of this common bean genotype. These results provided information about the mechanisms involved in drought response of common bean response that could be useful for enhancing the drought tolerance of this important crop legume.

Yield and Physiological Response of Common Bean in Three Semi-Commercial Farmers’ Fields in Limpopo Province

Despite the importance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in human nutrition, its production in developing countries is far below consumption rates. A study was established to understand the yield performance and physiological response of common bean under three farmers’ field in the Limpopo Province. The results revealed significant variation in grain yield and biomass between the locations. Physiological parameters such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), SPAD value and leaf gas exchanges were strongly influenced by the location, the crop growth stage and crop management. Dry bean crop performance was significantly lower at Masemola. Grain yield at Masemola was 30% less than that achieved at Dalmada and Mokopane. NDVI and LAI were also consistently lower at Masemola when compared to the other locations. This study revealed that poor yields by emerging farmers in dry areas are due to poor agronomic and irrigation management.

Morpho-Physiological responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars to drought stress

Common bean (P. vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume in the diet of people and drought stress causes severe yield loss in this crop. This study was conducted to investigate morpho-physiological responses, yield and WUE of four common bean (P. vulgaris L.) cultivars (namely : “Sarýkýz”, “Sazova”, “Kýrk günlük”, and “Gina”) under different (I1.00: 100%-control of field capacity, I0.75: 75% of field capacity and I0.50: 50% of field capacity) water regimes. The investigation was conducted in a pots and experiments were carried out randomized plot design with ten replicates. The results of this investigation show that yield, yield components, LRWC, leaf area and chlorophyll contents were reduced, while WUE increase depending on the different water regimes in all cultivars. Consequently, cv. “Gina” may have the potential to be used in drought areas.

Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to varying planting dates in Botswana

Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to varying planting dates in Botswana

Responses of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to treatment with industrial ceramic-waste water sludge

THIS STUDY aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Valentino) plants grown in virgin sandy soil incorporated with ceramic wastewater sludge (CWWS), at relatively low concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 2%), for 30 days. Within the different levels used of CWWS, especially at 1%, the enhancement of plants growth was generally proportional with the increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content, as well as it associated with higher uptake of P, N and K due to higher content of these metals in the CWWS- amended soil. Sucrose, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed enhanced levels with the increase of CWWS application, while, glutathione (GSH) content of common bean plants showed attenuated levels. These results were in alliance with accumulation of higher levels of Fe and Cu metals inside the plant tissues. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), showed significantly enhanced activities with increasing the amended ratio of sludge. This increase was also accompanied with the increase in ascorbic acid (AsA) and total phenol contents and a decrease in the activities of ascorbate oxidase (ASO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX).

The Response of Common Bean to Sulphur and Molybdenum Fertilization

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of sulphur and molybdenum fertilization on the yield and chemical composition of common bean seeds. A field experiment was conducted in southeastern Poland in 2012–2014. The scheme of the study included the following treatments: O-control, Mo-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1), SBS-sulphur before sowing (50 kg·ha−1), SFA-sulphur foliar application (50 kg·ha−1), Mo + SBS-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1) and sulphur before sowing (50 kg·ha−1), and Mo + SFA-molybdenum (100 g·ha−1) and sulphur foliar application (50 kg·ha−1). After harvesting, the following determinations were made in bean seeds: content of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, methionine, and cysteine. Application of Mo increased seed yield and protein and methionine content, as well as the content and uptake of P, Mg, and Ca in common bean seeds. Sulphur application had a positive effect on seed yield (13.6% increase) and protein content. Moreover, sulphur improved the biological value of protein by increasing the content of methionine, cysteine, and some macroelements. The most beneficial effects were obtained when both molybdenum and sulphur were used in fertilization. Considering the yield-producing effect and the impact on the biological quality of protein, sulphur fertilization should be included in the crop management for the common bean.

Effect of Growth Stage Moisture Stress on Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Yield and Water Productivity at Jimma, Ethiopia

Water stress is a major crop production constraint for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study investigated the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to moisture stress at different growth stages for yield and water productivity under sub-humid climate conditions over a three-year period. A field experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. fifteen treatments which combined and imposed at four growth stages were used. The combined result indicated that there were a significant variation among treatments for yield, above ground dry biomass and water productivity. The yield of common bean was significantly affected due to moisture stress imposed at different growth stages.

Maize cropping systems and response of common bean in succession subjected to nitrogen fertilization1

ABSTRACT The common bean succession to intercropped crops in the no-tillage system is beneficial, especially in the search for sustainability. In addition to the straw production, the intercropping can supply nitrogen (N) to the common bean grown in succession, reducing the use of mineral fertilizer, which is pollutant and has a high cost. The present study aimed to evaluate the response to N fertilization of common bean in succession to maize cropping systems, as well as the viability of these systems in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. The plots consisted of the following systems: maize as a single crop, maize intercropped with brachiaria and maize intercropped with crotalaria. The subplots were five N doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1), applied as topdressing fertilization in winter common bean, in succession to the maize cropping systems. For the maize cultivation systems, the grain yield and N amount and accumulation in the straw were evaluated. As for the common bean in succession, the grain yield and grain quality attributes were assessed. Although the three cropping systems were viable for maize grain yield, the intercropping of maize with crotalaria led to a higher N accumulation in the straw and a larger quantity of straw dry mass. The increase of the N doses promoted an increase in the grain yield of common bean grown in succession to intercropped maize. Maize intercropped with crotalaria resulted in grains with a higher size and, concerning the grain yield, an equivalent effect to that of a topdressing application of more than 200 kg ha-1 of N was observed for the common bean in succession.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Systems at West Wellega, Ethiopia

Improving water use efficiency is one important strategy for addressing future water scarcity, which is driven particularly by increasing human population. Enhancing agricultural water productivity is a critical response as it is by far the main consumer of global fresh water. This study investigated the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to moisture deficit under conventional, alternate and fixed furrow irrigation system over a three years period. A field experiment was conducted at Haru Agricultural Research sub-center. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. nine treatments which combined and imposed at all growth stages were used. The three years combined result indicated that there were a highly significant (P<0.01) variation among treatments for grain yield, above ground dry biomass yield, plant height and water productivity. The grain yield of common bean was significantly (P<0.01) affected due to moisture deficit and irrigation methods. Accordingly, the highest grain yield was obtained from conventional furrow 100% ETc irrigating all growth stage treatment followed by conventional furrow 75% ETc and 50% ETc. The highest water productivity of 0.84 kg m -3 was obtained from alternate irrigation system at 75% ETc but the yield loss is not tolerable. conventional furrow 75% ETc and conventional furrow 50% ETc gave a better yield with a moderate water productivity. Therefore, for better water productivity without a significant yield loss, it is recommended to use conventional furrow irrigation with 75% ETc and conventional furrow irrigation 50% ETc. In addition, if the water resource is not scarce in the area, it is recommended to use conventional furrow irrigation with 100% ETc throughout the whole growth stage to obtain optimum yield. Keywords; Water productivity, Deficit irrigation, ETc, Furrow irrigation system, common bean DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-1-04

Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars to Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) Compost in Kisumu, Kenya along the Lake Victoria Basin

Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars to Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) Compost in Kisumu, Kenya along the Lake Victoria Basin

The Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) Transcription Factor Family: Response to Salinity Stress in Fertilized and Symbiotic N2-Fixing Plants

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family regulates plant developmental processes and response to stresses. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), an important crop legume, possesses a whole set of 78 bZIP (PvbZIP) genes, the majority of these (59%) are most highly expressed in roots and nodules, root-derived new organs formed in the rhizobia N2-fixing symbiosis. Crop production is highly affected by salinity in Cuba and other countries. In this work we characterized the adverse effect of salinity to common bean plants of the Cuban CC-25-9-N cultivar grown in fertilized (full N-content) or symbiotic N-fixation (rhizobia inoculated) conditions. We assessed if PvbZIP TF participate in CC-25-9-N common bean response to salinity. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis showed that 26 out of 46 root/nodule-enhanced PvbZIP, that responded to salt stress in roots and/or nodules from fertilized and N2-fixing CC-25-9-N plants. From public common bean transcriptomic data, we identified 554 genes with an expression pattern similar to that of salt-responsive PvbZIP genes, and propose that the co-expressed genes are likely to be involved in the stress response. Our data provide a foundation for evaluating the individual roles of salt-responsive genes and to explore the PvbZIP-mediated improvement of salt tolerance in common bean.

Shoot and Root Growth in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Exposed to Gradual Drought Stress

Drought condition during the dry season is a major constraint for intensifying agricultural activities at riparian wetlands in Indonesia, particularly for annual vegetables, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Besides inhibiting growth and reducing yield, drought also causes alteration of the shoot and root growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate responses of common bean to three durations of drought stress and the bean ability to recover after termination of the stress treatments. Gradual drought stress treatments were imposed by withholding all water sources to the treated plants. Three durations of drought stress imposed were 4, 8, and 12 days. The ability of the stress-treated plants to recover was evaluated at 7 days after termination of each treatment. The result of this study revealed that common bean was able to tolerate and recover from gradual water deficit for up to 8 days; however, prolonged water deficit for 12 days inhibited the growth of above-ground organs in common bean. Despite root regrowth during the recovery period, plants previously treated with 12 days of drought were unable to recover but those treated with shorter drought stress period were able to recover.

Biochemical responses of common bean to white mold potentiated by phosphites

Considering that the mechanisms for phosphite-afforded disease control remain elusive, this study investigated whether zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) phosphites could possible potentiate common bean resistance to white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, through the stimulation of biochemical defence responses. Lesion area and disease severity were decreased by phosphites spray, but Zn phosphite outcompeted Cu phosphite. Histopathological observations revealed fewer fungal hyphae and less collapse of the mesophyll cells in the Zn and Cu phosphite-sprayed plants compared to water-sprayed ones. The S. sclerotiorum-triggered accumulation of reactive oxygen species, oxalic acid (a fungal secreted toxin) and malondialdehyde (an indicator of cellular damage) were constrained as a result of Zn and Cu phosphites spray. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase at 12 h after inoculation (hai) and catalase at 60 and 84 hai) were higher for Zn and Cu phosphites-sprayed plants than for water-sprayed ones. Activities of defence-related enzymes chitinase (CHI) at 12 hai, β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were higher at 12–84 hai for Zn, and Cu phosphites sprayed plants, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase at 36–84 hai for the Zn phosphite sprayed ones, CHI at 12–36 hai, GLU at 12–60 hai, PPO at 36 hai and PAL and lipoxygenase at 12 hai for the Cu phosphite sprayed ones upon inoculation with S. sclerotiorum relative to their water-sprayed counterparts. Concentrations of total soluble phenols and lignin-thioglycolic acid derivatives were not affected by Cu phosphite spray on infected plants but were higher and lower, respectively, for Zn phosphite sprayed plants at 60 hai compared to water-sprayed ones. Taken together, the findings from the present study shed light on the biochemical defence mechanisms involved in the Zn and Cu phosphites-mediated suppression of white mold in common bean.

Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen, phosphorus and rhizobia inoculation across variable soils in Zimbabwe

Common bean is an important crop with potential to curb malnutrition in poor Sub-Saharan African populations. Yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are, however poor, limited by low soil phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and poor biological N2-fixation. On-farm experiments were carried out to study the effect of N, P and rhizobia inoculation on common bean yield and yield components during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons in Eastern Zimbabwe. Experiments were conducted on five farmers’ fields located in two agroecologies; three fields were considered to be degraded with soil organic carbon (SOC) < 4 g kg−1 and available P < 6 mg kg−1, while the two non–degraded sites had SOC > 7 g kg−1 and available P > 15 mg kg−1. Two common bean varieties (Gloria and NUA45) were tested in a split-plot arranged in randomized complete block design. The main plot factor was the combination of N (0 and 40 kg ha−1) and P (0 and 20 kg ha−1), and the sub-plot factors were variety (Gloria and NUA 45) and inoculation with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 (+/− inoculum). At planting, both N and P were applied at 20 kg ha−1, with an additional 20 kg ha−1 N top dressing applied at flowering. Analysis of variance indicated common bean did not respond to rhizobia inoculation (P > 0.05) whilst P significantly increased the number of nodules and active nodules per plant (P < 0.001), and grain yield. Application of 40 kg ha−1 N significantly increased the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and grain yields. A significant NP interaction was only observed on grain yield for non-degraded soils. Co-application of N and P in non-degraded sites increased grain yields from 0.27 to 1.48 Mg ha−1during the first season and from 0.37 to 2.09 Mg ha−1during the second season. On degraded sites, NP application resulted in uninspiring grain yield gains of 0.09 to 0.19 Mg ha−1 during the first season, and from 0.16 to 0.28 Mg ha−1 in the second season. In general, effects of N or P were not significantly different, suggesting that farmers could invest in either of these nutrients for increased common bean grain yields. Strategically, P investments would be more logical as residual P effects to rotational cereals improve overall cropping system performance. The response of common bean to inoculation in Zimbabwe still needs to be widely investigated for these and other varieties.

Common bean response to cover crop straw and topdressing nitrogen fertilization

Common bean response to cover crop straw and topdressing nitrogen fertilization

Phosphorus and potassium fertilization increase common bean grain yield in Mozambique

ABSTRACT There is little information about common bean fertilization in African Savannas. The objectives of this study were as follows: i) to evaluate the common bean yield potential in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Niassa, Mozambique, and ii) to determine the common bean response to phosphorus and potassium fertilization applied together in order to verify whether the interpretation of soil analysis for the Brazilian Cerrado could be adopted for Savanna soils in Mozambique. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of a combination of phosphorus doses (0, 35, 70, 140 and 280 kg ha-1 of P2O5), potassium doses (0, 50 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of K2O), and different growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The field rainfed experiments were conducted in Lichinga city, province of Niassa. Common bean crops presented high productivity potential in rainfed systems in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Niassa, Mozambique, reaching grain yields of up to 3,600 kg ha-1 depending on the rates of fertilization with phosphorus and potassium. Common beans responded to phosphorus and potassium fertilization despite high contents of these nutrients in the soil, according to the interpretation of soil analysis for the Brazilian Cerrado. Maximum grain yield in the average of two growing seasons was estimated to occur for 239 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 141 kg ha-1 of K2O, indicating that further calibration studies for P and K are required for this specific region of Mozambique.

Common bean varieties demonstrate differential physiological and metabolic responses to the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Plant physiology and metabolism are important components of a plant response to microbial pathogens. Physiological resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been established, but the mechanisms of resistance are largely unknown. Here, the physiological and metabolic responses of bean varieties that differ in physiological resistance to S.sclerotiorum are investigated. Upon infection, the resistant bean variety A195 had a unique physiological response that included reduced photosynthesis and maintaining a higher leaf surface pH during infection. Leaf metabolomics was performed on healthy tissue adjacent to the necrotic lesion at 16, 24, and 48hr post inoculation, and 144 metabolites were detected that varied between A195 and Sacramento following infection. The metabolites that varied in leaves included amines/amino acids, organic acids, phytoalexins, and ureides. The metabolic pathways associated with resistance included amine metabolism, uriede-based nitrogen remobilization, antioxidant production, and bean-specific phytoalexin production. A second experiment was conducted in stems of 13 bean genotypes with varying resistance. Stem resistance was associated with phytoalexin production, but unlike leaf metabolism, lipid changes were associated with susceptibility. Taken together, the data supports a multifaceted, physiometabolic response of common bean to S.sclerotiorum that mediates resistance.

Antixenosis and antibiosis response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae).

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is globally one of the most devastating pests that feed on numerous crops, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype and morphological attributes of common bean on T. uticae. Forty common bean accessions were used to investigate antixenosis and antibiosis through assessing mite feeding preference and reproduction under laboratory conditions. Three resistant (i.e., 56, 63, 238) and two susceptible (i.e., 182, 236) accessions, along with cultivars Naz (resistant) and Akhtar (susceptible), were used in a life-table study. Both antixenosis and antibiosis mechanism were observed in all of the accessions, albeit a negative correlation occurred. Significant differences were observed for all traits of T. urticae: developmental time of immature stages, reproduction, adult longevity and life-table parameters. Based on the intrinsic rate of increase, the accessions 56, 63, 182, 238, and cv. Naz impose high antibiotic effects on T. urticae. Although significant variation existed among accessions for morphological factors, only glandular trichomes correlated with mite fecundity and feeding preference.

Response of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Rates of Blended NPS Fertilizer in Adola District, Southern Ethiopia

Response of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Rates of Blended NPS Fertilizer in Adola District, Southern Ethiopia

Yield Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia

Yield Response of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia