Response Time Analysis Research Articles

Using MAST for modeling and response-time analysis of real-time applications with GPUs

The ever increasing computing demands in embedded systems is driving the adoption of hardware accelerators such as GPUs, which offer powerful platforms that can compute parallel workloads efficiently. Relevant critical applications that benefit from such platforms, for instance autonomous driving, usually impose additional real-time requirements that must be met to guarantee the correctness of the systems. In this paper, we propose exploiting readily available and extensively validated techniques to model and analyze real-time systems with GPUs. Specifically, we propose a methodology to employ the MAST model to characterize such systems, and different variants of the Offset-Based Response-Time Analysis techniques to validate the real-time requirements. We verify our approach with a real industrial application sourced from the railway industry. Through a comprehensive evaluation involving synthetic and real task-sets, we characterize the applicability of the approach, and we also show how estimated worst-case response times are aligned with real measurements up to 87.2%.

Evaluating synchrophasor-enabled angle-based differential protection in distribution networks

The inclusion of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) affects the protection requirements and the functional constraints of the modern distribution networks (MDNs). With continued research on the primary protection of MDNs, this paper evaluates an angle-based differential protection scheme utilizing synchrophasors from distribution-level phasor measurement units (D-PMUs). The suggested scheme is based on computing the Absolute Superimposed Differential Angle (ASDA) of positive sequence current between two ends of a distribution line. The ASDA concept is explained by considering internal and external fault conditions. The initial investigations are performed on a modified real-distribution network in the Dubai utility, assuming rotating or non-rotating DER. Thereafter, the scheme is thoroughly examined in a seven-node MDN modelled in Real-Time Simulator, exploring various scenarios such as different fault types, fault resistance and line length variations, switching transients, varying DER penetration levels and types, and different network operation modes. Additionally, the analysis of CT saturation effect, measurement noise and response time of the proposed scheme has been carried out. A real-time laboratory testbed is also developed utilizing physical PMUs and a real-time simulator to verify the performance of suggested scheme in a practical environment. Furthermore, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the proposed strategy is presented to demonstrate the strategy’s reliability and efficacy. Our findings demonstrate that the suggested approach reliably detects short-circuit faults in a broad spectrum of network conditions.

Same same but different: The graded influence of vowel quality and prosodic prominence on letter detection.

This study investigates the impact of phonetic realisation and prosodic prominence on visual letter identification, focusing on the letter <e> in German bisyllabic words. Building upon previous research, a computerised letter search task was conducted with 78 skilled adult readers. Words featuring different phonetic realisations of <e > (/eː, ɛ, e, l̩, n̩, ɐ/) in stressed and unstressed first and second syllables were systematically included. Analyses of error rates and response times revealed a graded pattern in the detection of <e>, with the closed long (/eː/) and closed short (/e/) realisations being easiest to detect, open (/ɛ/) and near-open central (/ɐ/) vowels becoming incrementally harder, and silent vowels in syllabic consonants (/n̩/) being the most challenging. Results divided by position and stress of the syllable containing the target letter further indicated influences of prosodic prominence. The findings contribute to understanding the intricate interplay of grapheme-phoneme correspondences and prosodic structure in skilled readers' visual letter recognition.

Identifying quality responses using an analysis of response times: the RTcutoff function in R.

The present study aims to develop an R function to develop and visualize thresholds that describe the response time of individuals concerning their sample. The function utilizes the cumulative proportion correct (CUMP) approach, to estimate item-specific time threshold, which originated in the work of Guo and his colleagues. Besides the CUMP approach, the present function presents response time profiles on a measure using the mean of the sample and + 1SD times so that it can discern between thoughtful engagement and processing with an item (termed problem-solving behavior) and rapid responding, guessing, and disengagement with the test. The advantage of the CUMP model utilized here is that it simultaneously engages both response time and response correctness to establish thresholds that differentiate engaged from disengaged participants. Given data on a measure of reading comprehension for students in Saudi Arabia (n = 494) using the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS 2021) international assessment, high and low-achieving individuals that engaged in different behavior patterns were identified and plotted against their sample. Results pointed to the importance and necessity of the RTcutoff function to identify variable forms of engagement that have implications for person-score validity but also have implications for test validity and the need to increase measurement precisio.

Optimizing Formalin Detection in Fish Using QCM Sensors with TOMAC Membrane Coatings for Product Quality Monitoring

&lt;span lang="EN-AU"&gt;Detection of formalin in fishery products is a significant concern in the food industry to ensure consumer safety. This study compared the performance of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors without a membrane and with a Trioctyl methyl ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) membrane coating in detecting formalin in fish samples. The research findings indicate that QCM without a membrane for formalin samples has a lower detection limit of 150 ppm and an upper detection limit of 350 ppm with a sensitivity of 2194.171 Hz/ppm. On the other hand, QCM with a TOMAC membrane coating has a lower detection limit of 400 ppm and an upper detection limit of 550 ppm with a sensitivity of 842.7551 Hz/ppm. Meanwhile, QCM without a membrane for formalin in fish samples has a lower detection limit of 450 ppm and an upper detection limit of 650 ppm with a sensitivity of 15386.38 Hz/ppm. At the same time, QCM with a TOMAC membrane coating for formalin in fish samples has a lower detection limit of 350 ppm and an upper detection limit of 500 ppm with a sensitivity of 23108.9 Hz/ppm. Response time analysis shows that both sensors reach a steady state condition after 12 seconds. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate sensors for detecting formalin in fishery products, considering detection limits, sensitivity, and response time as crucial criteria. Thus, these findings can guide the fisheries industry in choosing effective and accurate formalin detection technology.&lt;/span&gt;

Response-Time Analysis of Bundled Gang Tasks Under Partitioned FP Scheduling

Response-Time Analysis of Bundled Gang Tasks Under Partitioned FP Scheduling

Identifying non-cooperative participation in web-based elicitation of acceptability judgments

In this paper, we discuss different sources of noise or other detrimental effects in the elicitation of experimental data. These effects may emerge due to the loss of control in unsupervised web-based elicitation, be task-related, or emerge due to questionnaire designs that lack sufficient means to identify inapt participants. We describe a stepwise process to reach elicited data at the highest attainable level in web-based Acceptability Judgment Tasks (AJTs). In the first step, the questionnaire design, we focus especially on a careful construction of appropriate filler and control items and introduce an alternative to instructional manipulation checks appropriate for AJTs, namely attention items. The second step is to choose the right platform to elicit experimental data from. Lastly, we will show how to employ latency- and response-based methods – analyses of response times as well as of responses to the specialized items – to reliably detect inapt participants.

Novel fillers for wearable technology: Impact of titanium carbide and thinners on room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber composites

Wearable technology has emerged as a robust pathway to achieve smart functionalities in healthcare, sports, fitness, and beyond. This study investigates the mechanical and electromechanical properties of silicone rubber (SR) composites. The SR was reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) and modified with varying (room-temperature vulcanized) RTV-thinner (silicone oil) concentrations. RTV-SR was utilized, which cures at room temperature to form a flexible, durable, and moldable rubber widely used for sealing, bonding, and making molds. The addition of TiC enhanced tensile strength from 0.5 MPa (control) to 0.59 MPa (5 phr of TiC), and tensile modulus from 0.41 MPa to 0.51 MPa. However, the thinner inclusion reduced tensile properties. For instance, the T10 sample (10 phr thinner) showed a tensile strength of 0.51 MPa and a tensile modulus of 0.29 MPa making the composites soft. Thinner addition also increased ductility, with fracture strains rising from 151 % (control) to 217 % (T10). Compressive strength followed a similar trend, with the control and 5 phr TiC samples exhibiting compressive strengths of 0.18 MPa and 0.17 MPa, respectively, which decreased to 0.12 MPa for the T20 sample. Under cyclic loading, TiC-filled samples showed consistent load patterns, while thinner addition resulted in increased energy dissipation and reduced stiffness. Electromechanical analysis revealed that TiC 5 phr samples exhibited stable piezoelectric responses, with voltage outputs increasing from ±0.1 mV at 15 % strain to ±1.0 mV at 40 % strain. The T5 samples demonstrated significant voltage improvements, generating ±2.5 mV at 15 % strain and ±5 mV at 40 % strain. Long-term cyclic tests confirmed the stability of T5 samples, maintaining voltage outputs of −1.5 mV to 1.5 mV over 50 minutes. Response time analysis indicated faster response times for TiC 5 phr samples, decreasing from 145 ms at 15 % strain to 102 ms at 40 % strain, while thinner addition led to longer response times. Real-time electromechanical tests under mechanical study showed that T5 samples achieved optimal performance with voltage peaks up to ±2.4 mV under thumb pressing. These findings highlight the trade-off between mechanical strength and flexibility, suggesting that an optimal balance of TiC and thinner enhances the properties of silicone rubber composites for applications in wearable technology and sensors.

A Geographic Information Systems-Based Analysis of Response Time and Hospital Coverage Area in Sukhothai Province, Thailand

A Geographic Information Systems-Based Analysis of Response Time and Hospital Coverage Area in Sukhothai Province, Thailand

Supply Chain System Optimization Model for Logistics Enterprises in the Internet of Things Era Based on Improved ECC Algorithm

In this article, a new method to optimize the supply chain system (SCS) of logistics companies in the era of Internet of Things (IoT) using an improved elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) algorithm was put forward.The focus of this research was to address the challenges faced by logistics organizations in adapting to the complexity of modern supply chains and meeting the growing demands of customers. The research aimed to improve the efficiency, security and reliability of supply chain management systems by utilizing advances in ECC algorithms.By conducting comprehensive performance tests of the proposed system, including interface testing, joggle testing, and system response time analysis, the study demonstrated the superiority of the system over traditional systems. The research findings indicated that the system based on the improved ECC algorithm outperformed traditional systems in terms of interface effectiveness, usability, and system response time. The improved ECC algorithm enhanced the security of the encryption process, making it more resistant to unauthorized access, and improved the system’s overall data processing load capacity. Additionally, the system demonstrated superior performance in managing logistics data and information, facilitating better decision-making and efficiency in logistics operations. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of supply chain management in the IoT era by providing a practical and efficient solution for logistics enterprises to optimize their supply chain systems. The innovative application of the improved ECC algorithm offers a secure, reliable, and efficient approach to managing logistics operations, addressing the challenges posed by the complexities of modern supply chains.

Invariant contexts reduce response time variability in visual search in an age-specific way: A comparison of children, teenagers, and adults.

Contextual cueing is a phenomenon in which repeatedly encountered arrays of items can enhance the visual search for a target item. This is widely attributed to attentional guidance driven by contextual memory acquired during visual search. Some studies suggest that children may have an immature ability to use contextual cues compared to adults, while others argue that contextual learning capacity is similar across ages. To test the development of context-guided attention, this study compared contextual cueing effects among three age groups: adults (aged 18-33 years, N = 32), teenagers (aged 15-17 years, N = 41), and younger children (aged 8-9 years, N = 43). Moreover, this study introduced a measure of response time variability that tracks fluctuations in response time throughout the experiment, in addition to the conventional analysis of response times. The results showed that all age groups demonstrated significantly faster responses in repeated than non-repeated search contexts. Notably, adults and teenagers exhibited smaller response time variability in repeated contexts than in non-repeated ones, while younger children did not. This implies that children are less efficient at consolidating contextual information into a stable memory representation, which may lead to less stable attentional guidance during visual search.

Identifying the Careless Responders: A Cross-Country Comparison on PISA 2018 Dataset

Careless responding (CR) is one of the major concerns in self-report measures since it affects the quality of collected data. In this research, it was aimed to examine the dataset in terms of CR, to investigate the effects of CR on the psychometric properties of data, and to examine the effectiveness of CR detection methods in a cross-cultural context. Specifically; response time, outlier and long-string indices were used to flag CR and efficiency of using these were compared on PISA 2018 reading related attitude scales for Singapore and Turkey. As a result, it was indicated that the amount of CR was higher for Singapore than Turkey at long-string and response time methods. Furthermore, after removal of CR from dataset, enjoyment level of reading, perception of competence and perception of difficulty of PISA tests scores increased. Another result was that long-string and response time analyses provided significant improvement in model fit and long-string had the highest improvement level. Moreover, removing respondents according to outlier analyses didn’t provide any improvement on model-data fit. In general, results illustrated that careless responding behavior may have important effects on psychometric properties of self-report and screening the data for CR is strongly suggested in future studies.

Analysis of response time and type of stimulus in school volleyball and futsal players of both sexes

Analysis of response time and type of stimulus in school volleyball and futsal players of both sexes

Data quality and timeliness analysis for post-vaccination adverse event cases reported through healthcare data exchange to FDA BEST pilot platform.

This study is part of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) initiative, which aims to improve the FDA's postmarket surveillance capabilities by using real-world data (RWD). In the United States, using RWD for postmarket surveillance has been hindered by the inability to exchange clinical data between healthcare providers and public health organizations in an interoperable format. However, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) has recently enacted regulation requiring all healthcare providers to support seamless access, exchange, and use of electronic health information through the interoperable HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. To leverage the recent ONC changes, BEST designed a pilot platform to query and receive the clinical information necessary to analyze suspected AEs. This study assessed the feasibility of using the RWD received through the data exchange of FHIR resources to study post-vaccination AE cases by evaluating the data volume, query response time, and data quality. The study used RWD from 283 post-vaccination AE cases, which were received through the platform. We used descriptive statistics to report results and apply 322 data quality tests based on a data quality framework for EHR. The volume analysis indicated the average clinical resources for a post-vaccination AE case was 983.9 for the median partner. The query response time analysis indicated that cases could be received by the platform at a median of 3 min and 30 s. The quality analysis indicated that most of the data elements and conformance requirements useful for postmarket surveillance were met. This study describes the platform's data volume, data query response time, and data quality results from the queried postvaccination adverse event cases and identified updates to current standards to close data quality gaps.

Hanning FIR window filtering analysis for EEG signals

The window function is a mathematical function in signal processing that is multiplied by a signal to lessen or eliminate the impact of undesired characteristics such as spectral leakage and edge effects that might arise while analyzing finite-duration signals. The Hanning window is just one of several window functionalities available. It is designed to gradually taper the endpoints of a signal to zero, reducing spectral leakage in the frequency domain. Filtering is commonly employed in Electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing to remove noise, artifacts, or undesired frequency components while retaining the desired information. Filtering techniques include band pass, low pass, and high pass and band reject filtering. Hanning window technique using low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject is used for filtering of EEG signal. The response time analysis for the Hanning window is calculated using low, high, band pass, and band-reject filters for different types of EEG waves alpha, beta gamma, theta, and delta using the signal processing simulation tool MATLAB 2023. The response time for delta wave using a low pass filter has a low response time of 14.125 sec which is comparatively less than another filter. For theta wave high pass filter has a low response time of 11.965 seconds. For alpha wave low pass filter has a low response time of 16.706 seconds whereas for beta wave low pass filter has a low response time of 15.202 seconds. For gamma waves high pass filter has a low response time of 11.349 seconds. Hanning band-reject filter has proven low response time for delta, theta, and gamma waveforms of 16.475 seconds, 16.182 seconds, and 17.743 seconds respectively. The novelty of the work is that the Hanning window improves frequency resolution by balancing the main lobe width with side lobe attenuation Hanning band-reject filter is suited best to figure out the widest main-lobe peak and highest peak for different EEG waveforms.

Biogenic synthesis of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite from Bauhinia variegate flower extract for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of vitamin B2

In this study, we report the preparation of bio-inspired binary CuO/ZnO nanocomposite (bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite) via the biological route using Bauhinia variegata flower extract following hydrothermal treatment. The prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite was electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to develop bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode which is employed for the determination of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) through electrochemical techniques. Physicochemical assets of the prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite have been extensively evaluated and make use of different characterization techniques including powder XRD, FT-IR, AFM, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, Raman, and TGA. Electrochemical characteristics of the bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode have been studied towards vitamin B2 determination. Furthermore, different biosensing parameters such as response time, reusability, stability, interference, and real sample analysis were also estimated. From the linear plot of scan rate, charge transfer rate constant (Ks), surface concentration of electrode (γ), and diffusion coefficient (D) have been calculated, and these are found to be 6.56 × 10−1 s−1, 1.21 × 10−7 mol cm−2, and 6.99 × 10−3 cm2 s−1, respectively. This biosensor exhibits the linear range of vitamin B2 detection from 1 to 40 μM, including sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of 1.37 × 10−3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.254 μM, respectively. For higher concentration range detection linearity is 50–100 μM, with sensitivity and the LOD of 1.26 × 10−3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.145 μM, respectively. The results indicate that the bio-inspired nanomaterials are promising sustainable biosensing platforms for various food and health-based biosensing devices.

Schedulability Analysis in Fixed-Priority Real-Time Multicore Systems with Contention

In the scheduling of hard real-time systems on multicore platforms, significant unpredictability arises from interference caused by shared hardware resources. The objective of this paper is to offer a schedulability analysis for such systems by assuming a general model that introduces interference as a time parameter for each task. The analysis assumes constrained deadlines and is provided for fixed priorities. It is based on worst-case response time analysis, which exists in the literature for monocore systems. We demonstrate that the worst-case response time is an upper bound, and we evaluate our proposal with synthetic loads and execution on a real platform.

Emergency response actions modeling and time analysis: Considering priority of actions

When a major chemical accident occurs, emergency response is an important measure to reduce accident losses. Some actions in an emergency response may be more important than others in reducing accident losses, so they need to be carried out as a matter of priority. The impact of the number of emergency personnel on the relationship between emergency response actions and time of emergency response process is analyzed in this paper in the circumstance that the number of responders is not enough to carry out emergency actions with priority at the same time, and a Petri-net based approach is proposed to model and analyze the actions. An emergency response action that needs to consider its priority is divided into two stages, one is to determine the personnel for executing the action, the other is the execution of the action. This division facilitates the handling of dynamic changes in the relationship between actions and differences in start time of the actions. The approach is illustrated by taking the emergency response of on-site emergency personnel of a chemical plant to a fire as an example. The efficiency of the emergency process is analyzed, and for the action of rescuing the wounded, which has the highest priority in the example, the time and the probability when considering the priority of emergency response actions are compared with those when not considering the priority.

Математичне моделювання динамічних впливів на будівельні конструкції

The solution of the problem of mathematical modeling of dynamic influences on building structures is considered in general and in connection with important scientific and practical tasks. In modern conditions, special attention should be paid to the problems of taking into account dynamic influences, parameters of load-bearing structures of buildings that affect their structural reliability and safety. For many years, information about catastrophic destruction of buildings and structures has been appearing more often, which are the result not only of errors that arose during the construction of facilities, but also due to dynamic influences that arose during their operation. A buildable technical system will be used in advance with the technical parameters set, which is responsible for the control of the process of the preparation of structures, the installation of the equipment, during the operation and operation. The development will be carried out and the sporud will be constantly used to promote the development of future technologies, the development and the establishment of the future, as well as the development of dynamic developments in the future. In particular, it is important to understand the development of the engineering and geological minds of the spores, as they have known the front deformation of the non-essential axis of the runt foundations. Various methods are used for structural dynamics, such as modal analysis, response spectrum analysis, time analysis, and finite element analysis. These methods include mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, and computational methods to predict the behavior and response of a structure under dynamic load conditions. Knowing the frequency and form of the structure, it is possible to estimate the dynamic reaction of the design to the application. For the purpose of including the transfer of the world, the destruction of internal forces in the real parts of the construction. Analyses of the response to the additional assessment of the characteristics of the construction, the identification of critical areas and the re-conversion, which the project is able to meet the criteria.

Data Communication Algorithm of HPDB Parallel Database System Based on Computer Network

High-Performance Database (HPDB) is designed to meet the demands of today’s modern data-driven world, as massive volumes of information need to be accessed and analyzed with minimal latency. A pivotal aspect of their operation lies in efficient data communication among nodes in a computer network, which is essential for parallel database systems. HPDBs may involve distributed architectures and parallel database systems to store and process data across multiple nodes or servers in a network. Hence, an algorithm called Hybridized Partitioning Strategy (HPS)-based Communication (C) for achieving HPDB has been proposed to facilitate data transmission and coordination across a computer network using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocol. The proposed HPS-C-HPDB technique includes partitioning and distributing data, query routing, and load balancing strategies to achieve high-performance levels. The (HPS) combines hash and range partitioning methods for effective processing and retrieval to balance data distribution, reduce communication overhead in parallel databases, and improve the system’s performance. In parallel database systems, query routing effectively routes requests into the optimal nodes or partitions based on the query’s conditions and the data’s placement and guarantees efficient data processing and retrieval. The proposed scheme is evaluated using various performance metrics like throughput, response time, speedup, and communication overhead analysis.