A novel hybrid sensor array with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for biomarker detection of multiple respiratory diseases.

Chronic psychological stress induces pulmonary dysfunction through alveolar macrophage-mediated activation of apoptotic signaling pathways.

Knowledge mapping of world's worst invasive alien species under changing climate.

Dysfunctional breathing (DB) can be defined as a change in breathing pattern associated with respiratory and/or systemic symptoms, after ruling out underlying respiratory or cardiac disease. Recent evidence suggests that DB contributes to dyspnea in post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), as demonstrated by ventilation analysis during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Nevertheless, the lack of a standardized classification for the different subtypes of DB poses challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective management. We hypothesized that analyzing the evolution of breathing parameters during CPET may help classify DB into three patterns. We analyzed 79 CPETs performed between July 2020 and May 2022 on patients with persistent respiratory symptoms at least three months after COVID-19 infection. We classified patients into three different categories based on abnormal breathing patterns: hyperventilation (HYPV), erratic breathing (ERBR), and flattening (FLAT). Age, BMI, gender and peak O2 uptake (V̇O2) were similar between patterns. Compared to normal pattern (N), we found higher V̇E - V̇CO2 slope in HYPV and FLAT, and a lower VT/ V̇E slope in FLAT and ERBR. The FLAT pattern was also characterized by a higher breathing frequency at peak exercise compared to the other patterns. ERBR and FLAT were associated with higher symptom scores (Nijmegen Questionnaire and Dyspnea-12) compared to N. Analyzing the evolution of ventilatory parameters during incremental exercise enables the classification of dysfunctional breathing into three distinct breathing patterns: hyperventilation, erratic breathing, and flattening.

Introduction: Human adenoviral infections, though prevalent among children, are often under-reported. Although adenoviral infections are usually self-limiting, they can cause significant morbidity and hospitalisations in children. Aim: To evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of paediatric patients hospitalised with Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective study conducted in the Paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) and inpatient wards of Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India for a period of 11 months from February 2023 to December 2023. A total of 210 children aged one month to 16 years who tested positive for adenovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on a nasopharyngeal swab were included in the study. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles of these cases were analysed. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0 (Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of the 210 children who tested positive for adenovirus, 126 (60%) were males and 129 (61.42%) were between one and five years of age. Notably, 141 children (67.14%) were hospitalised during the summer season. Most cases occurred during the summer months, predominantly among males aged 1-5 years. Symptoms included high-grade persistent fever in 205 cases (97.62%), cough and cold in 129 (61.42%), vomiting in 59 (28.1%) and loose stools in 27 (12.86%). Less frequent presentations were pneumonia in 12 cases (5.71%), seizures in 8 (3.81%), burning micturition in 5 (2.38%) and conjunctivitis in 4 (1.9%). Children were categorised into three groups: A, B and C- based on their clinical presentation as respiratory, gastrointestinal or mixed types, respectively. A significant difference in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) distribution was observed among the three groups (p-value <0.0001). CRP positivity (>10 mg/L) was most frequent in group A, 78/99 (78.8%), followed by group C 36/52 (69.2%), while group B showed a lower proportion 21/59 (35.6%). Group A children had significantly higher CRP levels and a longer duration of fever. Of the 210 cases, 195 children (92.86%) were treated with antibiotics. Conclusion: The HAdV infections present with high-grade fever and respiratory symptoms are their predominant manifestation. HAdV infections should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with prolonged fever and multisystem involvement. In addition, gastrointestinal involvement was common. All children had favourable outcomes and were discharged without any complications. Early and accurate diagnosis of HAdV infection using rapid diagnostic tests prevents unnecessary antibiotic use and aids parental counselling and should be routinely employed.

Development of vertical transmission model for Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs.

Pathophysiological impacts of particulate matter exposure on respiratory health and emerging biomarkers for early detection.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is an emerging contributor to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), yet current commercial vaccines do not include IDV. To explore a vaccine specifically targeting IDV-associated respiratory disease, we generated an eight-segmented recombinant virus, rD/OK-NS2ΔNOR, by separating the NS gene into independent NS1 and NS2 segments. Here, we assessed its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine. In BALB/c mice, intranasal infection with rD/OK-NS2ΔNOR resulted in markedly reduced replication in the nasal turbinate and lungs compared with the wild-type D/OK strain, confirming replication-limited phenotype in vivo. Intranasal primary and booster immunization induced virus-specific serum IgG and nasal IgA antibody responses, whereas inactivated-virus controls elicited limited antibody responses under the conditions tested. Following challenge with wild-type D/OK, viral replication in both the upper and lower respiratory tract was markedly suppressed to levels below the limit of detection in rD/OK-NS2ΔNOR-immunized mice. These results demonstrate that the eight-segmented rD/OK-NS2ΔNOR efficiently elicits both systemic and mucosal immunity and limit viral replication upon homologous challenge in a mouse model. This study provides preclinical proof of concept for developing a live-attenuated IDV vaccine platform, supporting further evaluation in natural hosts.

Sputum proteomics and phosphoproteomics for improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease knowledge.

Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was recently introduced in Catalonia (Spain, 2023-2024 season onwards) and Italy (2024-2025 season). The United Kingdom (UK) instead introduced maternal RSV vaccination (RSVpreF) in the 2024-2025 season. Our aim was to analyse emergency department (ED) attendances and admissions to hospital following RSVpreF and nirsevimab introduction, with hospitals in Iceland and Romania, where no intervention was introduced, used as comparators. Multi-national retrospective analysis of ED attendances and admissions for all diagnoses, respiratory diagnoses excluding bronchiolitis, and bronchiolitis from all hospitals in Catalonia (Spain), four UK hospitals (Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Leicester), and one hospital in Italy (Rome), Romania (Bucharest), and Iceland (Reykjavík) from April 2018 to March 2025. Bronchiolitis diagnoses in the 2024-2025 season were compared to previous pre-intervention seasons (2018-2023, excluding the 2020-2021 COVID-19 year) by applying a generalised linear model in Poisson regression to obtain risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). In the 2024-2025 season, in Catalonia, there was a reduction in the RR for bronchiolitis ED attendances and admissions in infants of age <6 months (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.43-0.47 and RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.37-0.43, respectively). This was not seen in Rome, where the RR for ED attendances with bronchiolitis in infants of age <6 months was 1.09 (95% CI 0.92-1.30) and the RR for admissions was 1.12 (95% CI 0.83-1.52). In the UK, for infants of age <6 months with bronchiolitis, there was a significant but modest reduction in 1 out of 4 hospitals for ED attendances (Leicester; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97) and in 2 out of 4 hospitals for admissions (Leicester; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94 and Edinburgh; RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.95). In Catalonia, there was a sustained reduction in bronchiolitis ED attendances and admissions for infants in the 2024-2025 season. However, no substantial reduction in bronchiolitis ED attendances or admissions was observed in Rome or the UK. These differences are likely to relate to the reduced uptake of RSV prevention products in these settings compared to Catalonia. None.

The modified Baveno classification for obstructive sleep apnoea: design of a pan-European prospective study.

Effect of formulation composition on stability and aerosol performance of respirable high load monoclonal antibody powders.

Unveiling the unpredictable: A comprehensive inquiry into sudden and unexpected deaths undergoing medico-legal investigation at Tygerberg Forensic Pathology Services Mortuary.

Lupenone regulates LOXL2-mediated PANoptosis signaling through E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF168 to improve radiation-induced lung injury.

Pelargonium sidoides - from ethnopharmacology to evidence-based medicine: a systematic review.

β-Asarone-induced vasorelaxation in isolated rat mesenteric artery: An efficacy vs toxicity paradox of Acorus calamus.

Socio-demographic and occupational determinants of poor self-perceived health among seasonal migrant farmworkers: A cross-sectional analysis.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and hospitalizations in infants, particularly during the first months of life. In December 2023, Argentina introduced maternal RSV immunization with the RSV-preF vaccine into its National Immunization Program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of this strategy, implemented in 2024, on the burden of severe respiratory disease among infants under 6 months of age. We conducted a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study using active surveillance data from 3 sentinel pediatric hospitals in Argentina (2022-2024). Hospitalized LRTI cases in children under 5 years were included and stratified into 3 age groups: <6 months (intervention group), 6-11 months and 12-59 months (age-based controls). RSV and human metapneumovirus were confirmed by molecular methods. Hospitalization rates per 1000 all-cause discharges were calculated. Impact was estimated using rate ratios, incidence rate reduction (IRR) and crude difference-in-differences. A total of 4103 hospitalized LRTI cases were included. Among infants <6 months, all-cause LRTI hospitalization rates declined by 41% (IRR: 40.7%; 95% confidence interval: 29.7-49.9), and RSV-associated hospitalizations decreased by 35% (IRR: 34.9%; 95% confidence interval: 16.9-49.0) between pre- and post-intervention periods. An estimated 258 all-cause LRTI and 102 RSV LRTI-related hospitalizations were prevented in this age group. No significant changes were observed in older age groups or in human metapneumovirus-associated hospitalizations. Crude DiD analysis estimated an attributable impact of 15%-16%, although not statistically significant. Maternal RSV immunization was associated with a substantial reduction in LRTI and RSV-related hospitalizations among infants under 6 months. These findings support the use of this strategy to reduce severe respiratory illness during the RSV season.

Influenza vaccination status ascertainment and vaccine effectiveness estimation: Validity of self-report for current and prior season.

Communicable diseases platform (CDP): Real-Time clinical analytics for infections.