Misallocation Of Resources Research Articles

Critical Study on Bekerja Program Implementation as Economic Empowerment: Sharia Economic Perspective

The research aims to assess BEKERJA program's effectiveness in reducing poverty in Salutambung Village by providing farm animals. It evaluates the program's impact on economic empowerment, food security, and its alignment with Islamic economic principles, while addressing challenges like resource misallocation and dependency. The research methodology involves qualitative analysis to evaluate the program's impact in Salutambung Village through interviews and observations as field research. Data collection includes examining economic empowerment, food security, collaboration with Social Affairs Department, and alignment with Islamic economic principles. The study concludes that the BEKERJA program effectively reduces poverty by providing livestock to needy households, enhancing economic empowerment and food security. The program's collaboration with the Social Affairs Department has improved community welfare and economic conditions. However, some social assistance programs, including BEKERJA, face challenges such as resource misallocation and lack of technical support. The research lacks analysis that could contribute to further improving BEKERJA program

Analysis of the impact of resource misallocation and socialized services on low-carbon agricultural production with DML based on random forest

The substantial increase in agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) contributes significantly to global warming, and agricultural resource misallocation (ARM) plays a major role in the rise of ACEs. Therefore, the aim of developing modern agriculture is to reduce ARM and promote low-carbon agriculture. To achieve this, the double machine learning model (DML) and moderating effect model are adopted in the present study to explore the correlations between agricultural socialized services (ASS), ARM, and ACEs. Also, the ARM index is calculated using the panel data collected from 31 provinces during the 2004–2020 period in China. The research results are as follows. Firstly, ARM has a significant positive impact on ACEs at the 1% significance level. Secondly, ASS exerts significant negative regulatory effects on ARM and ACEs at the 1% significance level. Lastly, the goodness of fit (R2) reaches 95% and 40% for DML and the fixed effect model (FEM), respectively. Relatively, DML performs better in the goodness of fit according to this study. Furthermore, it is found out in this study that land misallocation, labor misallocation and capital misallocation increase ACEs and impede the development of low-carbon agriculture. Also, as a regulatory variable, ASS mitigates the ARM-induced increase of ACEs. Therefore, these findings provide guidance on the development of low-carbon agriculture for ASS.

Threshold inflation and relative price variability – a proposal for inflation targeting in Lebanon

PurposeThe study investigates the impact of inflation on the variability of relative prices in the context of Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the traditional method, which relies on the variance of cross-sectional price changes measured at specific points in time to gauge the variability in relative prices, we employ a more appropriate approach. Under this approach, we capture the dispersion in relative prices by estimating how widely (or closely) a set of commodity prices drift apart over a span of time, offering a more comprehensive assessment. Firstly, we employ Johansen’s cointegration test on rolling subsamples to determine the number of statistically significant cointegrating vectors among the prices of 12 major commodity groups. Under this approach, an increase in the number of significant cointegrating vectors indicates a reduction in relative price variability, while a decrease suggests the opposite. Subsequently, we employ ordinary least squares regression to analyze how the fluctuations in inflation affect the variability in relative prices. The sample period ranges from December 2007 to April 2021.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that there exists a certain threshold inflation rate corresponding to which the variability in relative prices is minimized. More importantly, consistent with the theoretical predictions, the results suggest that it is not inflation per se, but the deviation of inflation from the 3% threshold level in either direction that causes higher dispersion in relative prices.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical findings from this study have crucial implications for the operation of monetary and fiscal policy. In particular, these findings suggest that stabilizing long-term inflation around a certain threshold rate will not only help to anchor inflation expectations effectively but will also minimize the welfare costs associated with inflation.Originality/valueGiven the rising inflationary pressure in the recent past and its welfare costs, the study assumes crucial importance in understating how fluctuations in inflation distort the relative price structure and eventually cause resource misallocations and economic inefficiency.

Investigating spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of land resource misallocation in prefecture‐level China

AbstractThe misallocation of land resources is an important factor restricting the high‐quality development of China's economy. Based on the perspective of supply and demand matching, this study proposed a measurement method for the spatial misallocation of land resources and constructed two models for the testing and decomposition of factors affecting land resource spatial misallocation. We used this measurement method and these two models to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of the spatial misallocation of land resources in China from 2000 to 2018 with the aim of providing policy recommendations for the correction of land resource misallocation in China and other developing countries. The results showed that the spatial misallocation of land resources in China showed an upward trend with evident spatial differentiation and the proportion of cities with high and severe misallocation increased. Industrial isomorphism and market misallocation are the main driving factors of land misallocation. Government misallocation and factor market abnormal development aggravate land resource misallocation. Extensive economic development and excessive factor agglomeration have a small effect on land resource spatial misallocation. Therefore, strengthening the land supply‐side reform, and implementing differentiated land allocation policies are effective pathways to control land resource misallocation in China.

Mitigating excessive financialization or promoting innovation? Productivity effects of China's carbon emission trading scheme

AbstractThe success of the carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) in fostering a mutually beneficial outcome for both the economy and the environment depends on its ability to enhance total factor productivity (TFP). We investigate the diverse implementation of this market‐based environmental policy across Chinese provinces using a staggered Difference‐in‐Differences model. Our study delves into the mechanisms of the ETS, particularly focusing on financialization and innovation, utilizing listed companies in Chinese stock markets as our research sample spanning from 2009 to 2022. Our analysis shows several key findings: (1) ETS facilitates the growth of TFP in micro‐firms, positively influencing other listed companies within the same sector and city. However, its impact on TFP is notably weaker in regions with robust environmental information disclosure and stringent environmental regulations. (2) The ETS helps alleviate resource misallocation stemming from excessive financialization of firms, prompting them to reallocate investments from financing activities to production and operation activities, thus enhancing TFP. (3) Contrary to expectations, the ETS does not directly influence TFP through enhancing firm innovation ability; instead, it encourages directed technical innovation toward green technology over digital technology. This study highlights the effectiveness of the ETS in promoting firm development and sheds light on resource management practices within firms.

Can co-ordination advancement of two-way FDI improve resource misallocation? Evidence from 285 cities in China.

During the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the implementation of an unbalanced enhancement strategy has led to severe resource misallocation, making the mitigation and rectification of this misallocation an urgent issue. This paper utilizes urban data from China between 2006 and 2020 to examine the impact of two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) on resource misallocation, as well as the pathways through which coordinated advancement of two-way FDI affects resource misallocation. After undergoing a series of robustness and endogeneity tests, the conclusion remains stable. Mechanism testing reveals that coordinated advancement of two-way FDI improves capital resource misallocation by enhancing the enhancement level of the financial industry, while exacerbating labor misallocation by increasing labor costs. This paper integrates the coordinated advancement of two-way FDI and resource misallocation into the same analytical framework, proposing policy recommendations to alleviate China's resource misallocation issue.

Urban Planning with Rational Green Infrastructure Placement Using a Critical Area Detection Method

In an era of intense urban development and climate extremes, green infrastructure (GI) has become crucial for creating sustainable, livable, and resilient cities. However, the efficacy of GI is frequently undermined by haphazard implementation and resource misallocation that disregards appropriate spatial scales. This study develops a geographic information system (GIS)-based critical area detection model (CADM) to identify priority areas for the strategic placement of GI, incorporating four main indices—spatial form, green cover, gray cover, and land use change—and utilizing the digital elevation model (DEM), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), urban density index (UDI), and up-to-date land use data. By employing the developed method, the study successfully locates priority zones for GI implementation in Saitama City, Japan, effectively pinpointing areas that require immediate attention. This approach not only guarantees efficient resource allocation and maximizes the multifunctional benefits of GI but also highlights the importance of a flexible, all-encompassing GI network to address urbanization and environmental challenges. The findings offer policymakers a powerful tool with which to optimize GI placement, enhancing urban resilience and supporting sustainable development.

Total Economic Value of Marine Ecosystem Service in Malaysia: A Review

The marine ecosystem service in Malaysia offers wealth benefits, including fisheries resources, ecotourism, coastal protection, climate regulation, and nutrient recycling. However, the failure to impute the price of ecosystem services (ES) in marine ecosystem service would result in a misguided policy, and society would be detrimental as a result of the misallocation of resources. The full potential of these services has not been fully quantified in economic terms. This paper reviews the suitable indicators pertinent to a Total Economic Value (TEV) of marine ecosystem service to propose a conceptual framework for the TEV of marine ecosystem service in Malaysia. We conduct a comprehensive review of the marine ecosystem service components (2018–2023) of literature. Studies are categorised based on the TEV and ES components they refer to, as well as the different approaches to the use of ecosystems. This review aims to establish a standard for future research on the TEV of marine ecosystem services, as there is a lack of studies on this topic, and to raise community awareness of the value of protecting natural resources, inform policymakers, and aid in cost-benefit assessments of initiatives. The data will help demonstrate the benefits of protection marine ecosystem services.

Can Internet Development Mitigate the Problem of Resource Misallocation? Evidence from China

Can Internet Development Mitigate the Problem of Resource Misallocation? Evidence from China

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIPLE CONSTRAINTS ON PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL PROJECTS IN RWANDA A CASE OFNGOS IN BUGESRA DISTRICT

Background: This study aimed to examine the impact of project triple restrictions on the performance of Rwandan non-governmental initiatives. It focused on time management, cost management, and scope management on the effectiveness of these projects. The research was guided by three theories: theory of constraints, Goal Setting Theory, and Complexity Theory. The study involved 12 Local NGOs in Bugesera district, with a target population of 120 individuals. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires, while secondary data was gathered from various sources. The reliability level was determined using Cronbachs Alpha. Methods and Materials: Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (v25), and key themes related to scope management practices, project performance indicators, and contextual factors influencing NGO projects in Rwanda were identified. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as correlation analysis or regression modeling, to examine relationships between variables and test hypotheses. Results:The findings reveal that in the context of non-governmental projects in Bugesera District, Rwanda, effective scope management significantly influences project performance, with a standardized coefficient of .870 (p < .001), indicating a strong positive relationship. Time management also demonstrates a significant negative impact on performance (β = -.195, p = .008), highlighting the importance of efficient scheduling and timely completion of tasks. However, cost management does not exhibit a significant influence on project performance (β = .020, p = .771). The study indicates that effective scope management plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of non-governmental projects in Bugesera District, Rwanda, demonstrating a strong positive relationship with project outcomes. Conversely, while time management significantly affects project performance negatively, the influence of cost management appears to be non-significant in this context, suggesting that prioritizing scope alignment and efficient scheduling is crucial for project success. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is recommended that NGOs operating in Bugesera District prioritize effective scope management to optimize project performance, ensuring clear alignment with objectives and deliverables. Additionally, attention should be given to improving time management practices to minimize delays and enhance project efficiency, while maintaining a vigilant approach to cost management to prevent budget overruns and resource misallocation.

The Moderating Role of Institutional Quality in the Relationship between Foreign Capital Inflows and Stock Market Development: A Panel Data Analysis

The study examines the impact of foreign capital inflows (FCI) on stock market development (SMD), with a specific focus on the moderating role of institutional quality (IQ). The study uses a panel dataset of 28 emerging economies for the period of 1998 to 2022. The findings reveal that both international remittances (REM) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) have a significant positive impact on SMD. These findings imply that REM inflows enhance the availability of financial resources in the economy, promoting stock market growth and stability. Similarly, FPI increases market liquidity and fills the saving-investment gap in the host country, thereby increasing SMD. However, the results show that foreign direct investment (FDI) has a significant negative impact on SMD. This finding implies that FDI could negatively affect SMD in the host country due to the diversion of investments from the stock market to other business ventures, profit repatriation, and crowding-out effects on domestic investment by creating strong competition in the input market, making it difficult for listed domestic firms to operate. Moreover, the study reveals two unique and interesting findings. First, official development assistance (ODA) has a significant negative impact on SMD, suggesting that ODA reduces SMD due to the misallocation of resources due to aid conditions and economic instability, and the crowding-out effect on private investments. Second, IQ positively moderates the relationship between all forms of FCI and SMD in the sampled countries, implying that host countries with a good institutional framework and high IQ tend to experience high SMD.

Has the Digital Economy Improved the Urban Land Green Use Efficiency? Evidence from the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone Policy

The advancement of the big data industry is playing a pivotal role in urban land management refinement. Recently, China initiated a big data strategy, establishing national big data comprehensive pilot zones (NBDCPZs) across diverse regions. These initiatives present substantial opportunities for enhancing the urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE). Consequently, in this study, we utilized the super-efficiency slack-based measure (SBM) model with undesirable outputs to assess the ULGUEs across 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2021. Subsequently, leveraging the NBDCPZ establishment as a quasi-natural experiment, we employed the difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically explore the impact of the NBDCPZ policy on the ULGUE for the first time. The findings revealed the following: (1) The implementation of the NBDCPZ policy significantly enhances the ULGUE; (2) the effects are mediated through mechanisms such as fostering technological innovation, mitigating resource misallocation, and promoting industrial agglomeration; (3) the heterogeneity analysis emphasizes the increased policy effectiveness in cities characterized by fewer natural resources, lower economic growth pressures, stable development stages, and moderate digital infrastructure and human capital levels; and (4) further analysis demonstrates the significant positive spillover effects of the NBDCPZ policy on the ULGUEs of neighboring non-pilot cities, with a diminishing impact as the proximity between pilot and non-pilot cities decreases. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on the relationship between the digital economy and land utilization, offering valuable insights for achieving sustainable urban development.

The Level of Corruption in Democratic Republic of Nepal: An In-depth Analysis of Root Causes, Governance Impact, and Potential Solutions

This article critically examines the issue of corruption in Nepal's modern democracy, which poses a significant challenge to the foundational principles of transparency, accountability, and fair representation. Through an exploration of the root causes, impact on governance, and potential solutions, the study sheds light on the complexities of corruption within Nepal's political and administrative systems. The analysis identifies historical factors, including the lingering effects of past autocratic regimes and political instability, as contributors to the conducive environment for corruption. Furthermore, weak institutional frameworks, characterized by insufficient checks and balances, inadequate enforcement mechanisms, and political patronage networks, are identified as systemic issues fostering corrupt practices. The impact of corruption on governance is manifested in the erosion of public trust, economic consequences leading to resource misallocation, and impaired service delivery in essential sectors. These consequences collectively contribute to disillusionment among citizens, hindering the democratic process and perpetuating social inequalities. This study utilizes qualitative methods to analyze corruption in Nepal's democracy, identifying root causes and impacts while proposing solutions like strengthening institutions and fostering transparency. Secondary research study was performed to abstract potential solutions, emphasizing the need for strengthening democratic institutions, promoting transparency and accountability through robust measures and enforcement of anti-corruption laws, and fostering citizen engagement. Additionally, international cooperation is highlighted as a valuable avenue for sharing best practices and gaining insights from successful anti-corruption efforts in other nations. In conclusion, the study advocates for a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to address corruption in Nepal's democracy. By addressing root causes and fostering a culture of accountability, the nation can strive towards building a more resilient democratic system that effectively serves the interests of its people. The article underscores the importance of sustained efforts and a collective commitment to combating corruption for Nepal to realize a future where democracy thrives and fulfills its promises.

Project Politics in Public Housing in Small Island Developing States: A Case Study of Cost and Revenue

Purpose: This research aims to explore the intricate dynamics of project politics in public housing development within Small Island Developing States (SIDS), with a particular focus on the interplay between costs and revenue. Methodology: Utilizing a detailed case study approach, this paper investigates a specific public housing project in a SIDS, analyzing the political dynamics surrounding its cost and revenue aspects. Findings: The study reveals that political factors significantly influence decision-making processes, resource allocation, and the financial viability of public housing projects in SIDS. Political interference often results in resource misallocation, cost overruns, and inefficiencies in revenue generation. Additionally, patronage and nepotism lead to housing resource distribution based on political favoritism rather than genuine need, undermining the effectiveness and fairness of public housing initiatives. Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This research underscores the critical importance of addressing project politics to ensure sustainable and effective housing solutions in SIDS. By highlighting the need for enhanced financial viability, transparency, and accountability in public housing projects, this study contributes valuable insights to the theoretical understanding of development politics. It also offers practical recommendations for policymakers to mitigate political interference, thereby fostering equitable and sustainable public housing solutions in SIDS.

Study on the Mitigation Effect and Promotion Mechanism of Agricultural Digitalization on the Agricultural Land Resource Mismatch

The objective of this research is to explore the impact mechanism of agricultural digital transformation in alleviating the mismatch of agricultural land resources and provide an effective path for the formation of new quality agricultural productivity. Using the balance panel data of 29 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022, this paper analyzed the mitigation effect and mechanism of agricultural digitalization on agricultural land resource misallocation from the perspectives of land scale management and agricultural socialization services. The results indicate that agricultural digitalization can alleviate the misallocation of agricultural land resources, promote the large-scale management of agricultural land, and improve the level of agricultural socialization services, all significant ways to reduce the mismatch of agricultural land resources. The heterogeneity test showed that the mitigation effect of agricultural digitalization on the agricultural land resource mismatch in eastern and central China and major grain-producing areas was better than that in western China and non-major grain-producing areas. Hence, we ought to strengthen the construction of agricultural digital infrastructures and play into the role of agricultural land scale management and agricultural socialization services in slowing down the mismatch of agricultural land resources.

Corporate income tax reform and intra-industry resource reallocation

ABSTRACT Taxation is a crucial tool for government economic regulation and resource allocation. Our study, using data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database from 1998 to 2010, highlights the significant role of corporate income tax reform in reducing resource misallocation in the industry. Employing the robust Difference-in-Differences method, we empirically confirm this effect. Our mechanism analysis reveals that the reform promotes increased competition among industry firms, resulting in enhanced resource allocation efficiency. These findings emphasize the vital role of tax policy in shaping resource allocation dynamics in Chinese market, underscoring its broader economic significance.

Can transportation infrastructure improve resource misallocation? Evidence from China

Transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in the free movement and rational allocation of resources. Utilizing provincial panel data from China spanning from 2000 to 2017, we employ a dynamic spatial Durbin model (DSDM) and a panel threshold model to analyze the impact of transportation infrastructure on resource misallocation. The findings are as follows: (1) Overall, transportation infrastructure serves to correct misallocations of capital and labor, exhibiting spatial effects; (2) Under the influence of spatial spillover effects, transportation infrastructure improves capital misallocation in neighboring regions, yet exacerbates labor misallocation; (3) The impact of transportation infrastructure on capital and labor misallocations shows regional heterogeneity; (4) Transportation infrastructure indirectly ameliorates resource misallocation through three pathways: opening up to external markets, urbanization, and industrial upgrading; (5) There is a threshold effect of transportation infrastructure on labor misallocation - it only improves labor misallocation when it reaches a certain scale.

Heterogeneous Effect of Renewable Energy Policies on Resource Misallocation: Evidence From Chinese Zombie Firms

Heterogeneous Effect of Renewable Energy Policies on Resource Misallocation: Evidence From Chinese Zombie Firms

Business network paradoxes: A literature review and co-evolutionary perspective

How can studying paradoxes in business networks help understand the networks' adaptation and survival? IMP identifies three central paradoxes influencing business networks: i) Development of Relationships vs. Inability to Change, ii) Controlling vs. Effectiveness, and iii) Stability vs. Change. Studying them seems critical to knowing how interdependent participants in business networks adapt to one another. To do that, we use a co-evolutionary lens to review 41 articles dealing with business network paradoxes from an IMP perspective. Results of the Reflexive Thematic Analysis underline that salient tensions mainly originate from weak coordinating norms, resource misallocation, the relationship of newness and aging, and Machiavellian behaviour. As the main value of our work, we then advance that embracing a co-evolutionary perspective can help shed novel light on these paradoxes by contrasting the factors that make the tensions salient with those able to overcome them. Specifically, we identify moral behaviour, structuration of the network, network capability development, and co-adaptation as four main factors that mitigate the paradoxes and help networks' adaptation and survival. Accordingly, we advocate a co-evolutionary conceptual framework regarding paradoxes and outline five co-evolutionary claims as implications for research and practice.

한국의 의료 공공성에 대한 인식 격차*

Medical care is an essential social service that supports other valued goods, such as life, health, safety, and the guarantee of social opportunities. In many countries, access to medical care is provided through public health insurance systems. South Korea’s medical insurance system, which has expanded at an unprecedented rate in recent decades, performs very well by several internationally recognized indicators. However, excessive government regulations, a private-centered supply of medical resources, and overuse of the system by patients have led to a misallocation of medical resources. This article examines the supply and use of medical care by the Korean government, the medical community, patients, and citizens, highlighting awareness gaps in the public value and nature of medical care. Recognizing this issue is the first step in building a sustainable medical system that ensures that medical resources are appropriately allocated and utilized.