Classification Of Resources Research Articles

Excavation and Utilization of Traditional Cultural Educational Resources in Ideological and Political Education in Higher Education

Ideological and political education in higher education faces both challenges and opportunities in the context of the new era, particularly regarding the rich resources of traditional cultural education. Traditional cultural educational resources refer to historically significant cultural elements and materials with educational functions, including literature, artifacts, oral traditions, and cultural activities. This paper aims to explore effective methods for excavating and utilizing these resources to enhance the quality of ideological and political education. Through a systematic analysis of the definition, classification, functions, and current status of traditional cultural educational resources, this study proposes methods for systematic organization, content excavation, and innovative development. It also discusses their application in curriculum integration, practical teaching, and evaluation optimization. The research reveals that while traditional cultural educational resources hold significant value in ideological and political education, their practical application faces challenges such as insufficient integration, innovation difficulties, and inadequate management and protection. To address these issues, this paper offers corresponding strategies, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for ideological and political education in higher education.

Use of interactive electronic educational video resources for professional training of specialists

The article proves the relevance and main tasks of using interactive electronic educational video resources for the professional training of specialists. The classification and features of interactive electronic educational video resources for the professional training of specialists are presented. The content and features of creating an educational video are disclosed, and their role in the training of specialists is disclosed, the advantages of using video in the educational process during distance education are shown. The significance of using interactive electronic educational video resources for preserving the continuity of education and the possibility of participants' communication in the educational process through platforms, e-mail, messengers (Telegram, Viber, etc.), video conferences, etc., is shown. The importance and advantages of mobile applications for the professional training of specialists with the aim of effective support and learning motivation in the educational process conditions have been proven. Recommendations are offered that can be useful for developing and using interactive electronic educational video resources from various disciplines. The analysis of the results of the conducted pedagogical experiment allows us to state that the use of interactive electronic educational video resources for the professional training of students in real life is indispensable in the modern educational process.

Impact of Competent Persons' judgements in Mineral Resources classification

Uncertainty with regard to estimated grades and tonnages of a mineral deposit demands risk assessment in order to build investor confidence and attract the interest of other stakeholders in the success of a project. Uncertainties associated with Mineral Resource estimates can lead to unreliable production schedules and unpredictable cash flows. However, the techniques used in the mining industry to determine these uncertainties are inconsistent, because the important decisions taken in the process are solely dependent on the responsible Competent Person (CP), without limitations. This leads to disparities between different CPs' results, using data-sets from the same drill-holes. The various standard codes for public disclosure provide guidelines and recommendations for the classification of Mineral Resources and Reserves but do not provide details on, for example, the amount of geological and geostatistical information needed to qualify for each category of Resources and Reserves. The parameters used to generate the classification categories are subjectively assumed by the responsible CP. In this paper we investigate the impacts of different CPs' judgements on resource classification, using the same data-sets. The results underpin the need for the mining industry to develop a uniform Mineral Resources and Reserves classification framework that can minimize or avoid significant discrepancies that lead to potential misleading public disclosures.

The Sharing Model of Kindergarten Art Enlightenment Education Curriculum Resources Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

In order to meet the autonomous needs of children’s art learning, this paper studies the sharing model of kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum resources under the deep learning algorithm. Build a kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum resource-sharing model that includes the classification and storage layer of education curriculum resources, the metadata annotation layer of education curriculum resources and the shared business service layer. The deep learning algorithm is used in the classification and storage layer of education curriculum resources. The education curriculum resources are divided into courseware resources, case resources and media materials resources through unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) coding and supervised training process. The ontology model of various educational curriculum resources is constructed, and the semantic information of educational curriculum resources is described using ontology. The metadata annotation layer of education curriculum resources annotates the metadata semantics of education curriculum resources through the constructed ontology, which improves the consistency and sharing of education curriculum resources management. The implementation of resource sharing business service is based on semantic analysis and query of educational curriculum resources. Therefore, the shared business service layer adopts a semantic query method based on improved similarity algorithm, which combines semantic distance, node density, node depth and relationship type to build a semantic similarity calculation method to achieve semantic analysis and query of educational curriculum resources. The experimental results show that the model is suitable for multi-classification of shared resources in the kindergarten art enlightenment education curriculum, and the semantic query accuracy is high in the process of sharing. When the threshold is [Formula: see text] 0.5, the query effect of the sharing model in this paper is ideal, which can meet the needs of users’ autonomous learning.

A contrastive topic-aware attentive framework with label encodings for post-disaster resource classification

Social media has emerged as a critical platform for disseminating real-time information during disasters. However, extracting actionable resource data, such as needs and availability, from this vast and unstructured content remains a significant challenge, leading to delays in identifying and allocating resources, with severe consequences for affected populations. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the potential of label and topic features, combined with text embeddings, to enhance the performance and efficiency of resource identification from social media data. We propose Crisis Resource Finder (CRFinder), a novel framework that leverages label encoding and topic features to extract richer contextual information, uncover hidden patterns, and reveal the true context of disaster resources. CRFinder incorporates novel techniques such as multi-level text-label attention and contrastive text-topic attention to capture semantic and thematic nuances within the textual data. Additionally, our approach employs topic injection and selective contextualization techniques to enhance thematic relevance and focus on critical information, which is pivotal for targeted relief efforts. Extensive experiments demonstrate the significant improvements achieved by CRFinder over existing state-of-the-art methods, with average weighted F1-score gains of 7.12%, 6.44%, and 7.89% on datasets from the Nepal earthquake, Italy earthquake, and Chennai floods, respectively. By providing timely and accurate insights into resource needs and availabilities, CRFinder has the potential to revolutionize disaster response efforts.

Will future copper resources and supply be adequate to meet the net zero emission goal?

The fact that in recent times mineral exploration has been disappointing and that transition to clean energy to achieve net zero emission by 2050 will place extraordinary pressure on copper demand, are beyond dispute. The critical question is to what extent will copper supply be capable of satisfying growing demand in a net zero future. Reality is that global copper resources have been growing significantly and steadily for decades despite increasing mine production. Besides, with dwindling exploration discoveries, this increase is primarily attributable to expansion of the resources of existing deposits through a combination of better progressive delineation and re-assessment of classification of resources in response to economic and technological changes, the so-called Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC) ‘modifying factors’. Analysis of MinEx Consulting's global mineral deposit database indicates that just the resources of deposits discovered since 2010 have been growing at estimated Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGRs) in the range 7.5% to 15.5%, but greater additional tonnage is associated with deposits discovered before 2010. The result is that tens of millions of tonnes of copper are added to the inventory each year, notwithstanding increasing production and mounting Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) pressure sterilising some deposits. In essence, copper supply shortages are unlikely to result from depletion of copper resources but rather from possible inadequacy of mining and processing capacity. Geopolitical supply risk is also low compared to some other critical metals (e.g., Co and Ni) on account of the large number and geographical dispersion of copper deposits. Increases in price due to a perception of impending scarcity will ensure that future capacity will, at a minimum, continue to grow along its historical 3% CAGR. In addition, it will create strong incentives for above-trend capacity utilisation and improvement in recycling collection and recovery. This will be followed by acceleration of expansion of capacity at many existing mines, and development of deposits at the advanced feasibility stage, releasing copper to market at lower capital cost and on shorter timeframes than exploring for and developing new mines. Estimates of possible levels of above-trend increments in capacity for the various components of the current copper endowment show that, while shortages may occur, they will not be as serious as currently generally expected. This does not mean that net zero emission may not be delayed beyond 2050, but it is more likely that it may be delayed by a range of other constrains and impediments unrelated to availability of copper, and that such delays may give copper supply breathing time.

Wood discrimination of six commonly traded Phoebe and Machilus species using high-resolution plastid and nuclear DNA barcodes

Abstract Phoebe and Machilus trees, whose wood is known as Nanmu in China, face endangerment owing to long-term manmade destruction and climate change. Therefore, effective and accurate forensic tools to identify Nanmu species are required. This study developed a method for DNA identification of woods from six commonly traded Phoebe and Machilus species. DNA was efficiently extracted from oil cell-rich wood tissues, DNA barcodes were screened, species were compared, and a Nanmu DNA database was constructed. Comparison and analysis involved 26 sets of plastid genomes of Phoebe and Machilus. The five highest variable regions (Pi>0.009; psbA-trnH, psbJ, psbJ-petA, rpl32-trnL, and ycf 1) were identified, and three nuclear regions (ITS, LEAFY, and RPB2) were compared. Among single DNA fragments, the nuclear DNA region LEAFY proved optimal for identifying Nanmu species, while psbA-trnH+psbJ+ycf1 was the optimal plastid combination locus. Compared with distance-based (TaxonDNA) and machine-learning analyses, the tree-based method had a lower success rate for species identification. Four labelled Nanmu samples were selected to validate the method and clustered with P. zhennan and P. sheareri data based on the LEAFY region and plastid combination locus. These findings will contribute to the conservation, classification, architecture maintenance, and trade monitoring of Nanmu natural resources.

Banana Classification Using Sanger Sequencing of the Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region.

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most economically important horticultural crops. There are many types of banana, with differing ploidy (usually diploid, triploid, or tetraploid) and genome types (most containing the A or/and B genome). Currently, observation and genome type detection are commonly used to identify banana germplasm resources. However, observation is tedious, while genome type detection cannot distinguish categories below genome types. It is, therefore, urgent to establish a simple and effective method for identifying banana germplasm resources. This study sequenced and analyzed the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 62 banana germplasm resources and found that the sequencing peaks, especially the 20 bp region near the 420-bp position (referred to as the 420-bp region), exhibited relatively recognizable and repeatable polymorphism characteristics. Using the 420-bp region as a marker, we were able to quickly distinguish bananas belonging to different genome type groups or different subgroups in the same genome type group. Moreover, it appeared that Sanger sequencing of ITS could be used to identify hybrid banana offspring. In general, ITS sequencing simplifies the classification of banana germplasm resources and has potential application in several areas of Musa improvement.

Classification and Labeling Techniques of Educational Resources Based on BERT+CNN's Educational Text Classification Model

Modern, efficient techniques of identifying and regulating digital Educational Resources (ER) are urgently needed due to the rapid development of this area of study. Due to the level of detail and emphasis on information, conventional Text Classification (TC) techniques frequently experience problems when working with ER. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel approach termed BERT-CNN, which integrates the effectiveness of BERT's knowledge of context with CNN's pattern identification skills in order to attain Deep Learning (DL). The objective of the hybrid approach is to improve educational Text Labelling (TL) and TC to be more precise, successful, and robust. The BERT-CNN model is superior to conventional approaches in various measures, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC-ROC, based on thorough testing and comparison. Providing essential insights into the possibilities of integrating BERT and CNN for educational purposes, this research covers detailed methods from data collection to model development, testing, and the implementation of modern TC approaches.

The adaptive potential of migrant youth in the megapolis: resource availability and the development opportunities (using the example of Dagestanis living in St. Petersburg)

In the article, within the framework of the resource approach, based on the results of a questionnaire survey, the assessment by the Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg of their adaptive potential, expressed in the presence of both material and non-material resources, is revealed. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the success of social adaptation of internal migrants in a new environment largely depends on the available adaptive potential and its constituent resources, as well as the possibilities of its mobilization and building up. Accordingly, it is possible to correct the process of social adaptation by managing the development of certain resources, transferring them into capital. The author provides a distinction between the concepts of “potential”, “capital”, “resource”. The author’s operationalization of the concept of adaptation potential of migrant youth, developed on the basis of the classification of adaptation resources proposed by Yu. M. Pasovets, is presented. The novelty of this study lies in the first attempt to identify the adaptive potential of the Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg, and its constituent resources. It was revealed that the success of the adaptation process is most influenced by personal-cultural and social (individual) resources. It is concluded that involvement in social activities can be an additional mechanism for successful adaptation, but this potential is practically unrealized due to the low involvement of young people in this type of activity. Accordingly, the results obtained can be used primarily by leaders and activists of public organizations representing the Republic of Dagestan in St. Petersburg to involve youth in public activities, and the data obtained can also be used to correct the process of social adaptation of Dagestan youth at the municipal level and the level of the subject of the federation.

Optimising the placement of additional drill holes to enhanced mineral resource classification: a case study on a porphyry copper deposit

ABSTRACT In this study, we compared outcomes of optimising the placement of five additional drill holes using three geostatistical cost functions (AKV, WAKV, and CV) and the Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm (PSO). WAKV identified locations with higher average copper grades compared to AKV. Conversely, CV suggested sites with high kriging variance and copper grade variation. Initial holes, alongside those determined by each cost function, were used to classify mineral resources. Findings underscored the effectiveness of optimising drill hole placement based on cost functions in reducing uncertainty and improving mineral resource classification.

Resource classification of coal bed methane and its contribution in energy transition and decarbonization path of oil and gas industry (A synopsis of CBM Life Cycle Analysis)

World economies are becoming increasingly more dependent on energy and countries have a voracious appetite for energy therefore, the need for an abundant clean energy is becoming a necessity. Energy companies are challenging environmental costs of coal bed methane as with advancement of new technology the impact from production of coal bed methane can reduce and to a certain extent avoided or offset. Production of coal bed methane results in changes to the land, to surface water and to ground water systems. Carbon quantification is required to understand, monitor and manage these changes. Previous life cycle analysis for this resource class has lack of process design details because of which there is a knowledge gap in understanding of emission profile of coal bed methane’s production. The objective of this study is to add value and reduce the scientific gap with respect to the production techniques of coal bed methane and its environmental impact. Removal of water continuously from coal seams depletes ground water and may eventually lower surface water flows (streams and rivers). It can also change the flow of groundwater drawing fresh water into the coal seams. To better understand this phenomenon the work establishes the Coal Bed Methane production foundation by in depth understanding of · Coal Bed Methane reservoir types; · Coal Bed Methane depositional environment, generation, and geological distributions; · Coal Bed Methane resource energy supply methods by understanding its construction, production and processing. The study then uses Life Cycle Assessment approach and understands previous emission numbers of Coal Bed Methane’s resource development. The work does systematic analysis and summarizes the previously published Life Cycle Analysis to understand further the potential environmental impacts of resource development of Coal Bed Methane. This will help energy companies to understand the field development, production, and operations of coal bed methane’s resource in terms of carbon numbers thereby optimizing the operations through carbon management thus reducing the potential impacts.

Classification of rare earths mineral resources using the Jequié/BA complex rock weathering chemical index

The most common economic mineral deposits of Rare Earths are associated to magmatic calc-alkaline to alkaline rocks and their products. This work presents data from drilling carried out in rocks of the Jequié/BA Complex, mineralized in rare earths, which were subjected to an intense weathering process, similar to what occurred in the Ion Adsorption Clays deposits in southern China. The interpretation of the survey data allowed the classification of rare earths mineral resources with similar, sometimes higher, levels than those of Chinese deposits, contained in the lateritic regolithic profile studied. The chemical index of rock alteration (CIA) was adopted as a classification tool, horizontally separating the mineralized weather profile into six zones. The data indicate that there was supergenic enrichment REO in the lower portions of the profile and sometimes in the upper zones. The average levels ranged between 0.09% and 0.22% REO, with maximum values of 1.6%. A model section representing the deposit of rare earths minerals of supergenic origin in rocks of the Jequié/BA Complex was developed.

Occurrence states of the shale oil in the Shahejie Formation, Huanghekou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

To elucidate the distinct occurrence states of shale oil in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation within the Huanghekou Depression, a quantitative investigation was conducted employing multi-isothermal stage pyrolysis analysis technology. The results show that the free oil content and adsorbed oil content are the highest in the E2s3. With increasing maturity, the proportion of light and medium oils gradually increases, while the proportions of adsorbed and cracked oils progressively decline. The free oil content of shale oil is different in different sedimentary environments. The hydrocarbon generation range of the E3s1-2 is comparatively narrower than that of the E2s3, thereby resulting in a more extensive distribution of shale oil within the latter. The adsorbed oil content is influenced by the abundance of organic matter, while the free oil content is regulated by the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matter. The assessment of resource classification is carried out in the Shahejie Formation, establishing a theoretical basis for the subsequent investigation and exploitation of shale oil resources within the Shahejie Formation.

Wave energy resource classification system for the China East Adjacent Seas based on multivariate clustering

This study based on the 25-year wave hindcast database of the western Pacific and used three unsupervised learning clustering algorithms to classify the wave energy resources in the China East Adjacent Seas. Five wave energy characteristic parameters are comprehensively considered in the calculation process of the clustering algorithm. According to the analysis of the classification results, it can be seen that the Class Ⅳ is the most suitable for wave energy development in the China East Adjacent Seas, followed by the Class Ⅲ and Class Ⅴ. The Class Ⅵ is too far away from the coast to be used as the intended area for wave energy development. The Class Ⅰ is mostly located in inland seas and harbors, which are not suitable for wave energy development. By analyzing the annual average captured power, it can be seen that the optimal capture interval of the existing wave energy converters with mature technology is too large compared with the wave conditions in the China East Adjacent Seas. We should vigorously develop wave energy converters that are more suitable for the wave conditions of Class Ⅲ, Class Ⅳ and Class Ⅴ, and improve the capture efficiency of the wave energy converters.

The integration algorithm of digital resources in business administration based on cluster analysis

The field of business management involves a large amount of data and information sources, including market data, customer data, supply chain data, etc. In order to quantify and analyze different resources, help enterprises better plan and allocate resources, and improve resource utilization efficiency, a clustering analysis based digital resource integration algorithm for business management is studied. Build a business management digital resource integration framework, including data layer, integration layer, and storage layer, to integrate and store data from different sources of business management databases, thereby facilitating unified management and utilization of digital resources by enterprises. The data layer collects data from different business management databases and stores it in the database according to different sources; The integration layer preprocesses the collected data, simply fixes errors and missing information in the data, and improves data quality. Adopting a feature extraction method based on the projection direction uncorrelation strategy of the labeled power set conversion method, the useful feature information of digital resources in enterprise management can be effectively extracted; Based on the two-step clustering analysis method, business management digital resources are clustered according to similar characteristics to complete the classification and integration of business management digital resources, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization; The storage layer adopts the Security Information Diffusion Algorithm (IDA) storage model to store integrated and classified digital resources managed by enterprises, ensuring data security and effectively preventing data leakage and illegal access. The experimental results show that the digital resource structure of business management integrated by this algorithm is clear, with a data redundancy of less than 8% and a difference of less than 11%. The time consumption for data integration is less than 2.11 minutes, indicating good resource integration ability.

Quantitative analysis of big data for land resource classification and zoning at the township level in Northern Shaanxi

To analyze and evaluate the conditions and distribution characteristics of rural land resources in northern Shaanxi. The experiment extracts two terrain feature values, namely slope and undulation, which are highly correlated with land resources. Then, the extraction results of all 302-township level administrative regions in northern Shaanxi are processed, and the scoring results of all township level units are sorted. Based on this, optimization and adjustment are made to form a classification result. The experimental results show that land resources in primary townships are most scarce, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of northern Shaanxi, with 53 in Yan'an and 7 in Yulin; Land resources in secondary townships are relatively scarce, mainly distributed along the Yellow River in the central and southern parts of northern Shaanxi, with 40 in Yan'an and 53 in Yulin; The land resources of third level townships are relatively abundant, generally distributed along the Great Wall, and belong to the transitional zone between windblown sand and grassland areas and hilly and gully areas. Except for one third level township located in Yan'an, all 22 other townships are located in Yulin; The fourth level townships have abundant land resources and are located in the loess plateau landform area in the southern part of northern Shaanxi. They belong to Yan'an Luochuan and three surrounding counties, totaling 17 townships; The terrain of the fifth and sixth level townships is flat, and the land resources are the most abundant. They belong to the sandy and grassy terrain north of the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi. A total of 56 townships are located in 7 county-level administrative regions of Yulin City. The experimental results lay the foundation for the research on optimizing the spatial pattern of rural life in northern Shaanxi, and can also provide support for classified guidance and precise policy implementation for rural revitalization, agricultural industry policy formulation, human settlement environment construction, and ecological environment protection.

Application of the United Nations Framework Classification to assessment of the prospective resources of hydrocarbons in Azerbaijan

The oil and gas industry plays an important role in Azerbaijan's economy, contributing significantly to GDP and government revenues. However, the existing classification of hydrocarbon reserves and resources is outdated and does not reflect the economic efficiency of extraction. In this regard, the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) helps to determine the feasibility, technical viability, and maturity of resource development projects. This paper examines the assessment of hydrocarbon resource categories by comparing the current classification system for oil and gas reserves and resources in Azerbaijan with the UNFC. The objective of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of prospective resource categories and thus provide a basis for the preparation of a bridge document describing the relationship between the United Nations Framework Classification and the existing 1984 classification used in Azerbaijan. To conduct this research, a hypothetical field called «Structure C» was used in which resource assessments were conducted at various times in 1984, 1988, 1993, 2001, and 2011 based on the 1984 classification of the former Soviet Union. Keywords: prospective resources of hydrocarbons; UN framework classification; case study.

Population Variation and Phylogeography of Cherry Blossom (Prunus conradinae) in China.

Prunus conradinae (subgenus Cerasus, Rosaceae) is a significant germplasm resource of wild cherry blossom in China. To ensure the comprehensiveness of this study, we used a large sample size (12 populations comprising 244 individuals) which involved the fresh leaves of P. conradinae in Eastern, Central, and Southwestern China. We combined morphological and molecular evidence (three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences and one nuclear DNA (nr DNA) sequence) to examine the population of P. conradinae variation and differentiation. Our results revealed that Central, East, and Southwest China are important regions for the conservation of P. conradinae to ensure adequate germplasm resources in the future. We also found support for a new variant, P. conradinae var. rubrum. We observed high genetic diversity within P. conradinae (haplotype diversity [Hd] = 0.830; ribotype diversity [Rd] = 0.798), with novel genetic variation and a distinct genealogical structure among populations. There was genetic variation among populations and phylogeographic structure among populations and three geographical groups (Central, East, and Southwest China). The genetic differentiation coefficient was the lowest in the Southwest region and the gene exchange was obvious, while the differentiation was obvious in Central China. In the three geographic groups, we identified two distinct lineages: an East China lineage (Central China and East China) and a Southwest China lineage ((Central China and Southwest China) and East China). These two lineages originated approximately 4.38 million years ago (Mya) in the early Pliocene due to geographic isolation. P. conradinae expanded from Central China to East China at 3.32 Mya (95% HPD: 1.12-5.17 Mya) in the Pliocene. The population of P. conradinae spread from East China to Southwest China, and the differentiation time was 2.17 Mya (95% (HPD: 0.47-4.54 Mya), suggesting that the population of P. conradinae differentiated first in Central and East China. The population of P. conradinae experienced differentiation from Central China to Southwest China around 1.10 Mya (95% HPD: 0.11-2.85 Mya) during the early Pleistocene of the Quaternary period. The southeastern region of East China, near Mount Wuyi, likely serves as a refuge for P. conradinae. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for the classification, identification, conservation, and exploitation of germplasm resources of P. conradinae.

Study on the Current Status of Digital Resource Construction of Non-legacy Archives in Chinese Archives: Examining 31 Provincial Comprehensive Archives as Objects

As one of the unique archival resources, ICH archives are of pivotal significance in preserving the appearance of the surviving heritage, inheriting the historical memory of the nation, and prospering and spreading the excellent Chinese culture. The article takes 31 provincial comprehensive archives in China as the object of investigation, and investigates the digital resources of ICH archives in Chinese archives, in terms of the number of archives built, the content of construction, resource integration, updating and maintenance, and other aspects of the construction of the profile. It is found that the digital resources of China's non-heritage archives have the problems of uneven archiving resources, unfulfilled construction content, and low efficiency of resource integration. Aiming at these problems, the article proposes to strengthen the participation of diversified subjects, unify and standardize the classification and integration of resources, and innovate the multi-structured dissemination and utilization of archives from the level of "subject-resource-communication". In order to provide useful reference for the protection, development and utilization of ICH archives in China.