In his book, Lordship and Liberation in Palestine-Israel, Dr. Muhannad Ayyash theorizes structures of violence that lie at the root of the Palestinian struggle for liberation and Israeli settler colonialism. Dr. Ayyash’s aim is not to theorize for the sake of theory but to theorize and develop conceptual tools that are useful for scholars and scholar activists in understanding the relationship between people and land, land and life, oppression and resistance, and settler colonialism and decolonial sovereignties. This manuscript is an edited version of an interview between Dr. Muhannad Ayyash and Dr. Desmond Goss, in which they discuss the premise of the book, the significance and contradictions of the current ceasefire between Israel and the Palestinian resistance forces, the ongoing struggle for the liberation of Palestine, and the need for courage in a moment of multiple crises and heightened contradictions.

Most design codes treat masonry infill walls as non - structural elements, and in the analysis of steel or reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, their presence is often neglected. However, numerous studies have shown that infill walls significantly inf luence the strength, stiffness and ductility of the structure. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the contribution of infill walls to the building's behavior. Accurate modeling of the infill walls requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of masonry, various interacting parameters, and the contact conditions along the interface between the infill and the surrounding frame. Two prim ary techniques used in the analysis of infilled frame structures are macro - modeling and micro - modeling. Micro - modeling utilizes Finite Element (FE) software to represent the masonry panel as composed of many elements that simulate the bricks and mortar. In contrast, macro - modeling treats the masonry panel as a few elements, typically modeled as one or more compressive diagonal struts. Both techniques aim to capture the nonlinear behavior of the materials. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of the infill walls on the progressive collapse resistance of RC framed structures. To achieve this, an RC frame experimentally tested by Li et al. (2016) is modeled in Abaqus/Explicit software in two configurations: bare frame (without infill walls) an d infilled frame (with infill walls). The frame consists of four bays and two stories, and progressive collapse is triggered by the failure of the middle column from the first story. This failure is simulated through a step - by - step unloading process in a displacement - controlled manner. To evaluate the progressive collapse behavior of the two numerical models, nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis is adopted to simulate the quasi - static loading scheme. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model is used for both concrete and masonry , with the compressive stress - strain relationship following the Kent - Scott - Park constitutive model. The steel reinfor cement bars material properties are specified based on a bilinear stress - strain relationship. Tie - type connections are employed to model the interaction between the RC frame and masonry elements, while general contact is used to simulate th e interaction between masonry elements. The resistance force (applied vertical load) versus the vertical displacement of the middle column is monitored up to a displacement of 500 mm. The progressive collapse behavior of the frame is divided into four stages. The numerical results obtained for both models show good agreement with the experimental ones. It was found that during the first deformation phase (when adjacent and exterior columns moved outward), the infilled frame model resisted a vertical force approximately 4.8 times greater than the bare frame model. In conclusion, completely neglecting the infill walls in the progressive collapse analysis of RC framed structures leads to unrealistic results.

This paper presents a comprehensive study of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structural vibration and projectiletarget penetration dynamics using analytical, numerical, and simulation-based approaches. For the undamped three-degree-of-freedom massspring system, equations of motion were derived and expressed in matrix form, enabling the determination of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and unknown mass parameters. This analysis verified the models validity and demonstrated the fundamental characteristics of MDOF vibration systems. In parallel, a reduced-order projectiletarget model was developed, coupling rigid-body motion with axial vibration through equivalent stiffness and damping. Analytical derivations, MATLAB simulations, and Python-based nonlinear modeling highlighted the roles of damping, elastic compression, and resistance forces in penetration dynamics. To validate these findings, finite element simulations using ANSYS/Autodyn were performed, capturing projectile deformation, energy dissipation, and penetration depth. The results collectively confirm that simplified models, when cross-validated with high-fidelity simulations, can effectively capture the essential physics of vibration and impact, offering practical insights for engineering design, vibration control, and protective structure development.

Abstract The existence of significant core-surface temperature differences in the strips during the rolling process in the endless strip production line leads to low accuracy in calculating the hot rolling force model assuming uniform temperature. This paper divides the deformation zone of strips into cells along the thick and the roll direction considering the non-uniform distribution of temperature, strain, strain rate in the thick direction cell of the strips, and the change of deformation resistance in the roll direction cell of strips. Then this study separately establishes the temperature matrix, strain matrix, and strain rate matrix on the "thick direction-roll direction" of strips, and constructs a deformation resistance calculation model based on the matrix cell. Further, a model for calculating rolling forces applicable to this production line was derived based on the Orowan equilibrium differential equation. The accuracy of the rolling force model and temperature variation patterns of the thick-directional units of the rolled parts during rolling were verified by hot rolling simulation experiments on a strip with an embedded block of the same material. Take an endless strip production line in China as an example to carry out simulation calculations of Q235 material. The results show that the average calculation error of the model built in this paper is 4.4%. Simulation and error analysis of multiple materials and multiple specifications of strip steel show that the prediction accuracy of the model in this paper meets the requirements of the production line, which provides theoretical support for the formulation and optimization of the rolling process of this production line.

This study examines anthropocentric misunderstandings among pre-service educators concerning the forces of weight, friction, buoyancy, and air resistance. A total of 476 first-year students in a Greek Primary Education Department completed an open-ended questionnaire regarding the origins of these forces. Qualitative content analysis categorized responses into six classifications: scientifically accurate explanation, medium-based attribution, anthropocentric reasoning, erroneous application of Newton’s third law, mathematical equation, and other/no response. The majority of participants provided precise explanations for weight and friction; however, less than one-third did so for buoyancy and fewer than one-fifth for air resistance. Approximately 18% provided at least one anthropocentric explanation, such as “friction exists to prevent slipping” or “air resistance facilitates parachuting,” with a minor subgroup employing this rationale for all four forces. These findings indicate that purpose-driven, human-centered explanations endure despite recent university instruction, suggesting fragmented mental models. The findings highlight the necessity for teacher education programs to adopt conceptual-change strategies that directly challenge anthropocentric reasoning and facilitate the cultivation of a coherent scientific understanding.

Wetting behavior of oil droplets on CO2 bubbles influenced by interfacial shear elasticity.

This study investigates the process of water jet motion in the air; the subject is the trajectory of motion and the velocity vector of water droplets in a two-phase "droplets-air" flow. The task addressed is to construct a model of water jet motion in the air, which would take into account its destruction and transformation into a stream of droplets. A model of water jet motion in the field of gravity after exiting the fire hydrant in the area of the jet core has been built. The jet expansion coefficient was experimentally determined to be 0.016. Estimates of the jet radius, water droplet velocity, and effective radius of the jet of trapped air at the boundary of the core zone and the droplet zone were constructed. The values obtained are the initial conditions for the model of the motion of the droplet and gas phases of the jet in the droplet zone. The droplet motion was modeled by using the Lagrangian approach, within which the dynamics of the motion of individual drops were considered, described by the equations of motion in three-dimensional space taking into account the forces of aerodynamic resistance and gravity. It was assumed that the distribution of the droplet diameter obeys the Rosin-Ramler law. A model of the motion of the gas phase of the jet was constructed, based on the equations of mass and momentum balance; it also takes into account the curvature of the jet axis due to the capture of air by drops moving under the action of gravity. The model is based on the assumption of the axisymmetric nature of the jet and the Gaussian velocity distribution in its cross section. A feature of the model is the mutual influence of the droplet and gas phases of the jet on the motion of each other: drops, losing momentum due to aerodynamic resistance, give it to the air. It is shown that drops of smaller diameter have a shorter range compared to drops of larger diameter. As a result, the water falls to the ground not at a specific point but in a certain range. In particular, for a fire hose with a diameter of 19 mm, a delivery angle of 35° to the horizon and a water pressure of (40÷70) m, the width of the range into which 90% of the water falls was (8.7÷11.0) m

ABSTRACT This article investigates the anti-lithium mining resistance in Covas do Barroso, Portugal, through the frameworks of feminist political ecology and care ethics. As lithium becomes central to Europe’s green energy agenda, the proposed mine in Barroso threatens not only local ecosystems and livelihoods but also the communal lifeways that define the region. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews (n = 15), the study explores how care is mobilized as a political practice that resists extractivism while sustaining community. Rather than viewing care as an apolitical or individualized practice, the thematic analysis foregrounds the role of care in shaping collective governance, emotional resilience, artistic expression, and solidarity networks. The resistance, organized under the association Unidos em Defesa do Barroso [United in the Defense of Barroso], embodies an alternative vision of sustainability rooted in reciprocity, self-determination, and ecological stewardship. Findings suggest that care functions as both the fabric and force of resistance, enabling communities not only to endure environmental and political pressures but to cultivate alternative modes of development that challenge dominant growth logics. The Barroso case thus contributes to broader conversations on degrowth, environmental justice, and post-extractivist futures, revealing care as a vital, generative force in the struggle for climate and social justice.

This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance and bending forces of small-sized blue heat-treated files with comparable cross sections but varying geometries at simulated intracanal temperature. For each system, Race Evo (RE), ZenFlex (ZF) and Tia Tornado Blue (TTB), 20 new files were tested (n = 20). Twelve files (n = 12) were subjected to Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue testing in an artificial canal (18mm length, 1.4mm diameter, 45° curvature, 5mm radius) at 34°C. Five files (n = 5) were used for static bending tests at 34°C. Two files (n = 2) were used for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and one (n = 1) unused file was used for geometric evaluation using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TTB exhibited significantly higher fatigue resistance (1512 NCF) than ZF (1234 NCF; P < 0.05), while RE showed intermediate performance (1385 NCF). RE has the shortest fragment length at 3.25mm, which represents a significant difference compared to ZF (4.55mm; P < 0.05) and TTB (5.1mm; P < 0.05), respectively. TTB required the lowest mean force, 0.304 N (P < 0.05), to bend, which was a statistically significant difference compared to RE (0.361 N) and ZF (0.425 N), respectively. ZF has been shown to lack an R-phase during heating, whereas other files have both an R-phase and an austenite phase. Blue heat treatment significantly enhanced fatigue resistance by stabilizing the R-phase, overriding the influence of pitch geometry. Heat treatment plays a more decisive role than pitch design in determining cyclic fatigue resistance.

We present the first three-dimensional time-resolved imaging of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar waveform. This freshwater alga is a model system for eukaryotic flagella that allow cells to move and pump fluid. During the power stroke, the flagella show rotational symmetry about the centre line of the cell, but during the recovery stroke they display mirror symmetry about the same axis. Furthermore, and in contrast to the usual assumptions about beat planarity, we show a subtle rotational motion of the flagella at the initiation of the power stroke, which is mechanically rectified into a quasi-planar mode. We apply resistive force theory to infer the swimming speed and rotational speed of the cells, when a force-free configuration is approximated using a cell on a micropipette, showing good agreement with experimental results on freely swimming cells.

In this study, the authors investigated the tractive resistance forces that arise during the operation of a potato planting machine equipped with a disc-type working body. This working organ simultaneously performs two essential functions in the planting process: it opens a furrow in the soil for placing potato seeds and forms a ridge that covers and protects the seeds after planting. The analysis was carried out by taking into account a number of interrelated factors that directly influence the magnitude of draft resistance. These include the total mass of the potato planting machine, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil (such as density, hardness, and moisture content), as well as the geometrical parameters of the cultivated soil cross-section. The configuration and structural design of the working part, the machine’s coverage width, the planting depth, and the forward speed of operation were also considered as significant variables. The findings demonstrate that the draft resistance of the potato planter is not determined by a single factor but results from the combined effects of machine design, soil conditions, and operational parameters. In particular, the resistance force depends heavily on the machine’s mass, the width of coverage, and the performance of its various working components, including the furrow opener, the seeding mechanism, and other auxiliary parts that contribute to the planting process. Moreover, planting depth and soil texture strongly influence the overall resistance encountered during field operation. Based on the calculations and analysis presented, it was established that when the machine operates at forward speeds ranging from 4 to 6 km/h, the tractive resistance values vary between 1.702 kN and 2.823 kN. These results provide important insights into the design optimization of potato planting machines and offer practical guidance for selecting tractors of suitable power, improving energy efficiency, and ensuring reliable field performance under varying soil and load conditions.

This paper explores how trauma functions not only as a mark of suffering but as a generative force of memory, agency, and resistance. Traditional trauma narratives often confine queer bodies to sites of pain, overlooking their role in reshaping history and reclaiming identity. Drawing on Ann Cvetkovich’s concept of queer trauma as an anti-pathological force, this study examines how Rainbow Milk portrays distress not as an individual affliction requiring clinical intervention but as an insidious, intergenerational experience that circulates through familial silence and socio-cultural marginalization. At the same time, the novel illustrates how trauma can open pathways to self-expression and historical reclamation. By uncovering his family’s hidden past, the protagonist embarks on an unconventional healing process that links personal memory with collective histories of exclusion. In doing so, Rainbow Milk reframes trauma not as a fixed wound but as a dynamic, lived experience that enables identity reconstruction through remembrance, connection, and resilience.

Flow dynamics within gate valves must be understood in order to address issues such as turbulence, pressure loss, flow separation, and cavitation. This study examines flow behavior within standard and modified gate valves using experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Water flow within a gate valve, from 25% to full opening, is simulated to analyze velocity, pressure, and turbulence behaviors. With 25% opening, abrupt velocity accelerations in the valve throat initiate extreme pressure losses and intense turbulent flow due to flow separation. These outcomes serve to underscore the need for efficient valve geometries to induce stability in flow as well as suppress energy losses. Comparison between the standard and modified gate valves at 25%, 40%, and 55% openings highlights the advantages of the modified design. The standard valve exhibits high turbulence, high recirculation areas, and high dissipation of energy, particularly at low openings. Conversely, the modified valve cuts down on turbulence, promotes uniform flow, and reduces pressure losses. By removing vortex generation and velocity oscillations, it obtains more stable flow, which increases system efficiency. Further inspection of a 55% open gate valve with different fluids, for instance, water and SAW15W-40 oil, shows the impact of viscosity on fluid flow. Water specifies a smooth velocity profile and low pressure drops, while oil experiences higher resistance, pressure gradients, and shear forces. The new design addresses these differences well, with reduced potential for cavitation and enhanced performance. All these optimizations enhance operating efficiency in applications ranging from oil and gas to water distribution and chemical processing.

Dynamic response of a RC beam under close-in explosion is a popular topic in recent few decades, while few researchers discussed the case for the explosion not upon the middle point of beams. This paper proposes a theoretical model for dynamic responses of RC beams under non-midpoint explosions. Firstly, as the maximum deflection point of RC beams under the close-in explosion load always located directly below the detonation point, a concentrated load methodology is proposed, and a formula for calculating the equivalent concentrated load is built according to the principle of equal work done. Secondly, transformation factors are modified according to the position of equivalent concentrated load. The factors including offset distance of detonation point, boundary condition, plastic hinge and complex material behavior are considered in the resistance function calculation and the relationship between the resistance force and the deflection is established. Thirdly, the accuracy of the modified single degree of freedom (SDOF) model is verified through comparison with the experimental data. Finally, the influence of relative offset distance, span-depth ratio and reinforcement ratio on the maximum deflection and supported angle of RC beams subjected to close-in blast loads is discussed. The theoretical model overcomes the limitation of the existing model, which requires the detonation point to be located directly above the mid-span of RC beams. It is more applicable relative to the traditional SDOF model, since the location of the detonation in the accident or war is always arbitrary.

Hemodialysis is the primary treatment for patients with acute and chronic renal failure, and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture is a critical step in establishing the extracorporeal circuit for hemodialysis. However, issues such as inaccurate localization, angle deviation, or vessel perforation can occur during puncture, severely affecting the patient’s fistula and the efficacy of dialysis treatment. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a robotic technique for bedside hemodialysis AVF puncture based on a biomechanical model, designed to simulate the sensory and feedback mechanisms of human cannulation. First, a biomechanical AVF puncture model was constructed, comprehensively considering the resistance, cutting, and frictional forces during the puncture process. Subsequently, simulated puncture experiments were conducted on an AVF vessel to analyze and validate the feasibility of the model. Finally, the performance of the hemodialysis AVF puncture robot was evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that the puncture robot exhibits extremely high accuracy and effectiveness in performing hemodialysis AVF vessel puncture and indwelling. This method not only improves puncture precision and reduces damage to the patient’s blood vessels but also allows for continuous improvement of the puncture strategy through feedback from simulated experiments, thereby enhancing the quality of the patient’s dialysis treatment.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) originates from myofascial trigger points (MTPs)- hypersensitive nodules commonly found in the trapezius muscle (TM) that cause pain and functional limitations. While transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a conventional treatment, a novel approach combining electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) with active stretching (AS) has recently been developed (EMS + AS). EMS electrodes were placed transversely across muscle fibers to induce localized contractions and thus greater stretch of MTP-containing regions compared to AS alone. EMS plays a role similar to a therapist's hand in passive stretching in that it provides resistance force. Forty-one participants with MTPs in the TM received single sessions of EMS + AS, sham stimulation (SS) + AS, and TENS. Each session included three 10-s stimulations with 10-s rest intervals. Pain intensity (PI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and surface electromyography (sEMG) for maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) amplitude analysis of TM function improvement were the three outcome measures used to assess treatment effectiveness. To evaluate the immediate effects of short-duration treatments with EMS + AS compared to SS + AS and TENS. All three treatments were applied in a randomized order. EMS + AS showed significant improvements in PI and PPT (t(40) = -6.01 and t(40) = 5.38, p < 0.001, respectively). EMS + AS showed a small sEMG activity during TM function improvement of 0.49 ± 0.056 %MVC at post-treatment, normalized to pre-treatment values. Compared to SS + AS and TENS, EMS + AS significantly increased PPT changes (F(2,120) = 13.442, p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences in PI or mean %MVC. This study demonstrates that EMS generates a local contraction instead of a full contraction for a muscle. EMS's effect is related to the aim of mimicking passive stretching performed by the therapist's hand. Ultimately, EMS + AS has the potential to be an effective approach for alleviating MPS symptoms.

Metabolic reprogramming: The driving force behind cancer drug resistance.

ABSTRACTOn February 1, 2021, the Myanmar military deposed the democratically elected government in a coup. The coup affected Myanmar's interactions with external interlocutors, bringing the country's security and stability into focus. The military's response to and framing of the resistance movement that emerged postcoup have affected interlocutors' attempts to resolve the crisis; collective efforts differ from individual interests. The Myanmar junta's narratives assert that it is the “guardian of the state” and blame the various ethnic armed organisations and resistance forces for disrupting stability. This paper examines a recurring reality in Myanmar: the military uses security narratives to justify its acts as being in the state's interests, while securing its survival. Such security speech acts invoke the military's guardian role, securitise the Rohingya issue, and also use security as a reason for the 2021 coup. The military's security language has deepened the divide in the country and hampered regional diplomacy.

Extending granular resistive force theory to cohesive powder-scale media

The objective of this work is the computational and experimental assessment of the effect of twisting an active-reactive type projectile-piercer around its own axis on the parameters of its motion and the depth of penetration into the soil. Research methods: the equations of motion of a rotating active-reactive type projectile-piercer (SPART) are considered. The features of determining the engine thrust, rotating SPART and the resistance force during penetration of SPART into the soil with rotation are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the penetration depths of rotating and non-rotating SPART into loam is carried out. As a result of the studies, a mathematical model of the process of penetration of an active-reactive type projectile-piercer into the soil is developed. The effect of SPART rotation around its own axis of symmetry on the performance of the propulsion system is shown. The effect of contact friction forces between the rotating SPART and the soil on the parameters of its motion and the depth of penetration is assessed. Calculations show that by spinning the SPART around its own axis of symmetry, the depth of penetration of rotating active-reactive type punching projectiles into the soil can be increased by 8–10 %. Conclusion: the results presented in the article can be useful for researchers, postgraduate students and engineers involved in the creation and operation of aviation and rocket and space technology, and can also be useful for students of technical universities studying in the relevant specialties.