Resilience Processes Research Articles

Psychopathological Symptoms and Resilience Processes among Korean Adolescents in the Context of Neighborhood Disadvantage.

Research has shown that positive family and individual contexts can prevent adolescents from developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, less is known about the various ways resilience occurs longitudinally, considering compensatory (i.e., additive) effects and protective (i.e., moderation) effects of contextual (external) resources and individual (internal) assets. Further, few studies have examined these resilience processes among Korean adolescents exposed to neighborhood disadvantage. In the context of neighborhood disadvantage, the present study examined the compensatory and protective effects of positive parenting and self-esteem for Korean adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms across four years. Data from Waves 1 (2010), 3 (2012), and 4 (2013) from a longitudinal, nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (N = 2322; Mean age at Wave 1 = 12.90; Females = 50.10%) were utilized. Evidencing compensatory effects, positive parenting (Wave 1) negatively and indirectly predicted both adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Wave 4) through their self-esteem (Wave 3), independent of the effect of neighborhood disadvantage (Wave 1). However, there were differences in the protective effects depending on symptoms. In the case of internalizing symptoms (Wave 4), positive parenting (Wave 1) indirectly buffered against neighborhood disadvantage (Wave 1) through adolescents' self-esteem (Wave 3). In contrast, for externalizing symptoms (Wave 4), positive parenting (Wave 1) directly buffered the effect of neighborhood disadvantage (Wave 1). The present study highlights the resilience processes of positive parenting as an external resource and adolescents' self-esteem as an internal asset for preventing internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Korean adolescents, which has implications for intervention and policy strengthening family and individual resilience.

Changes in plant-soil C-N-P stoichiometry during the vegetation recovery of bare patches caused by plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Bioturbation caused by herbivorous fossorial mammals creates extensive bare patches through their burrowing activities. Understanding changes in plant-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry during the vegetation recovery of these bare patches is crucial for elucidating the restoration mechanisms of disturbed grassland ecosystems. This study considered plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) as the focal species and categorized the bare patches into short-term and long-term bare patches using a spatial substitution strategy, with surrounding vegetated surfaces in disturbed alpine meadows as controls. Results showed that P concentration in plant roots was 32.58% higher in long-term bare patches compared to short-term bare patches. However, no significant changes were observed in C and N concentrations in either plant shoots or roots during vegetation recovery process. Soil N concentrations were 38.78% lower in short-term bare patches and 36.65% lower in long-term bare patches compared to vegetated surfaces. The C:N ratio in plant shoots was 18.26% lower in short-term bare patches than in vegetated surfaces, whereas the soil C:N ratio was 39.42% higher in long-term bare patches compared to vegetated surfaces. However, no changes were observed in the C:P and N:P ratio of both plant and soil during vegetation recovery process of bare patches. These findings indicate that P concentration in plant roots can serve as a reliable indicator of the vegetation recovery process of bare patches caused by plateau pikas. Furthermore, plants in short-term bare patches prioritize rapid growth through resource allocation, while in long-term bare patches, they enhance nutrient use efficiency to achieve greater stability and resilience. These insights into plant-soil nutrient dynamics provide a deeper understanding of ecosystem resilience and recovery processes in disturbed alpine meadows, offering a valuable foundation for more targeted grassland management strategies.

The Psychological and Social Landscape of Orphans: Journey Navigation

Orphanhood constitutes a profound journey marked by unique psychological landscapes. This article delves into the intricate dynamics of orphanhood, exploring the multifaceted dimensions of psychological experiences that shape the lives of individuals bereaved of parental care. Through integrative theoretical research, this paper illuminates the challenges, resilience, and psychological processes inherent in navigating the journey of orphanhood. From the complexities of attachment disruptions to identity formation amidst loss, the psychological terrain of orphanhood offers valuable insights for understanding human adaptation and growth in the face of adversity. By shedding light on these psychological landscapes, this article aims to foster greater awareness, empathy, and support for individuals traversing the path of orphanhood.

Resilience Measurement and Enhancement of Subway Station Flood Disasters Based on Uncertainty Theory

To address the uncertainty of influencing factors in measuring the resilience of subway stations to flood disasters, this study introduces Unascertained Measurement Theory to assess the resilience of subway stations against flood disasters. Initially, the research involves a thorough examination and analysis of past subway flood disaster incidents, which elucidates the disaster system and its resilience processes, thereby facilitating the construction of a resilience analysis framework specific to subway stations. Subsequently, a measurement index system is developed to evaluate the resilience of subway stations against flood disasters, drawing upon relevant literature, and resilience levels are categorized according to established standards. Following this, an unascertained measurement model is formulated to assess the resilience of subway stations in the face of flood disasters. This model incorporates the development of an unascertained measurement function and an unascertained measurement matrix, yielding comprehensive results that inform the determination of resilience levels through credible degree assessment. Furthermore, the SPSSAU obstacle degree model is utilized to analyze the resistance factors that influence the resilience of subway stations to flood disasters, leading to the formulation of strategies aimed at enhancing this resilience. This approach offers novel insights into the measurement of subway station resilience in the context of flood disasters.

Positive cascades effect in care leavers resilience processes: the association of self-compassion, SRH, self-efficacy and readiness for independent living

Young adults transitioning from out-of-home placements to independent living face numerous challenges, navigating a pivotal shift without familial support and while facing diminishing care resources. Research on protective factors for care leavers in independent living is limited, necessitating an expansion of theoretical knowledge to enhance their readiness for independent living. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-compassion, self-rated health (SRH), and self-efficacy in explaining the readiness of care leavers for independent living. A sample of 171 Israeli care leavers residing in transitional housing programs participated in the study using a self-reported questionnaire. Path analysis was employed to explore the direct and indirect effects of self-compassion, SRH, and self-efficacy on readiness for independent living. The study variables collectively explained 47% of the variance in readiness for independent living. Mediation analyses indicated that self-efficacy significantly mediated the association between self-compassion and readiness for independent living. Both self-efficacy and self-rated health served as mediators in the relationship between self-compassion and independent living readiness. Moreover, SRH emerged as a significant mediator in the association between self-efficacy and readiness for independent living. The study’s findings highlight the possible positive cascades initiated by self-compassion in resilience pathways, shaping internal experiences and leading to tangible outcomes in the capacity of care leavers to navigate independent living post-discharge from care. These findings can contribute to interventions that facilitate a successful transition to independence among care leavers.

Graduate students’ resilience and resistance: exploring adaptive-transformative possibilities in higher education

ABSTRACT Given intensified calls to attend to mental health in academia, we sought to understand how graduate students in the communication discipline anticipate, respond to, and resist institutional stressors via their resilience processes. Drawing on interviews with 50 graduate students, we examined how graduate students’ resilience communication processes enacted adaptive-transformative possibilities for resistance across micro, meso, and macro organizational levels in higher education. Our findings show how participants’ resilience processes, in response to co-occurring stressors of academic norms, institutional restraints, and experiences of marginalization, aligned with specific modes of resistance (viz., individual infrapolitics, insubordination, collective infrapolitics, insurrection). Ultimately, we extend theorizing on resilience to illuminate its intersections with resistance and offer practical interventions to build both individual and collective resilience among graduate students in higher education.

Innovation of poly(ionic liquid)-stabilized TiO2 for membrane-based dye waste remediation

Organic–inorganic nanohybrids based membrane materials are reported for separation applications. In the present study, poly(ionic liquid)-stabilized TiO2/polysulfone-based mixed matrix membranes are produced using a phase separation technique induced by a nonsolvent. The presence of PIL-stabilized TiO2 nanohybrids and the hydrophilic nature of PIL enhance the overall hydrophilicity of the PSf membrane, reaching an impressive water flux of 158 LMH at an operating pressure of 6 bar. Further, membranes were characterized through, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscopy, Thermogravimetry, and Zeta potential. The synergistic effect of positively charged PIL and TiO2 nanohybrids enhances the membrane's anionic dye retention capability, achieving retention rates of nearly 90.83% for Methyl Blue, 94.28% for Congo red, 65.89% for Evan's blue, and 30.98% for Methyl orange with respect to dye size. However hydrophilic membrane showed outstanding antifouling property of the M2 membrane achieved ∼77% of flux recovery ratio with minimal of ∼37% total fouling for 1000 ppm of Bovine Serum Albumin as a foulant. Highly efficient nanocomposite membranes exhibit significant potential for dye removal and addressing water contamination issues, making them attractive solutions for sustainable fouling resilient water treatment processes.

Communicated Resilience in Mothers’ Narratives about the Diagnosis and Birth of Their Child with Down Syndrome

ABSTRACT Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal condition, affecting one in every 733 babies born annually in the United States . Grounded in the communication theory of resilience (CTR;), the present analysis was conducted to evaluate mothers’ communicated resilience in narratives about the birth and diagnosis of their child with DS. In so doing, we sought to refine the theory by clarifying the conceptualization of CTR resilience processes (i.e. putting alternative logics to work, foregrounding productive action, maintaining and using communication networks, crafting normalcy, and affirming identity anchors). Qualitative analyses revealed all five CTR resilience processes along with novel nuances that expand existing perspectives and refine CTR concepts. Our findings suggest that foregrounding productive action should be analyzed separately from backgrounding negative feelings, and we revisit crafting normalcy with respect to disability. Opportunities for practical application to support families are provided.

Measuring resilience in young children: The Child and Youth Resilience Measure- Early Childhood (CYRM-EC)

Early childhood is a particularly important time to nurture resilience. Strengthening measurement of resilience processes for young children is essential to advancing resilience science and application. The current study provides an initial validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) for parent/caregiver-report during early childhood (CYRM-EC). Participants included 265 children in the U.S. ages 4–5 years (M = 5.07 years) in the spring prior to kindergarten. The sample varied substantially by annual household income (36% earning ≤ $35,000; 43% ≥ $75,000) and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs; 47% had ≥ 1; 17% had ≥ 3). Diversity in child race/ethnicity was limited (69.5% White/Caucasian, 17.9% more than one race, 9.4% Latinx/Hispanic, 1.6% Asian, 0.4% Native American/Alaska Native, and 1.2% other races/ethnicities). The 11-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood demonstrated strong internal reliability (α = .81) and a single factor structure. This measure also exhibited concurrent validity with both individual (children's self-regulation and social skills) and relational (positive parenting) promotive and protective factors and processes, accounting for covariates including child age, gender, race/ethnicity, ACEs, parent education, and nesting by classroom. Findings further indicated evidence for predictive (concurrent) validity of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood to better overall child health status and fewer teacher-rated externalizing behaviors, but not to early literacy or math scores. Longitudinal research with young children of varying ages and from more diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is needed to advance understanding of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood and to inform application for preventive interventions.

The Application of Reality Counseling as an Effort to Increase Prisoners' Resilience in Facing Negative Community Stigma

This research is about prisoners experiencing mental disorders due to the existence of rules and laws in the community environment, which creates a negative public perception of convicts. This research aims to provide information to the general public about the magnitude of the negative stigma received by prisoners and the importance of eroding this stigma, because of the various negative impacts caused. Apart from that, this research will also comprehensively examine how big the role of reality counseling is in increasing resilience for prisoners, as well as how urgent is the counselor’s role in the resilience process. This research uses a literature study method to examine the issue of protecting the human rights of former prisoners against the negative stigma of the general public and specifically looks at Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. The results of this research show that there are several approaches to responding to this problem, namely the reality counseling method which acts as a means of restoring the self-confidence of former prisoners. Keywords: prisoners, reality counseling, stigma

A Holistic Network Analysis of the Money Laundering Threat Landscape: Assessing Criminal Typologies, Resilience and Implications for Disruption

Abstract Objective This article visualises money laundering, a crime spanning hundreds of different actors, methods and value instruments, as a network. Possible combinations of money laundering actions and schemes are analysed through a holistic visualisation to draw policy-relevant insights into their prevention. Methods A prior scoping review of money laundering typologies identified 793 activities that a money launderer can take to obfuscate illicit funds. These actions form the basis of a directed network graph showcasing all possible combinations of money laundering schemes. Three network-based analyses are then conducted: (1) centrality analysis, to determine the most ‘important’ money laundering actions as priorities for prevention, (2) resilience analysis to simulate iterative interventions against different money laundering actions to assess their impact on the wider network and (3) subgroup analysis to identify groups of commonly undertaken schemes (i.e. “typologies”). Results Money laundering is found to be a highly resilient process crime, with specific interventions often unable to prevent schemes from displacing to alternative activities to launder their funds. However, benefits of tactically displacing criminals to more easily detectable schemes are discussed. The formulation of money laundering typologies through more empirically robust processes is also motivated, in place of compartmentalised reports that remain the current standard practice. Conclusions Network analysis is motivated as an effective way of visualising complex process crimes with vast criminal opportunities such as money laundering, allowing policy-relevant insights to be drawn in terms of resource-allocation, strategy and prioritisation. Theoretical and policy implications of the current study are discussed in the context of crime scientific theories.

Development of temperament types from infancy to adolescence: Genetic and environmental influences with an economically and racially/ethnically diverse sample.

Kagan theorized biologically based temperament types that are present in infancy, stable across development, and essential for understanding individual differences. Despite evidence, temperament research remains focused on a few prominent dimensions of temperament, without adequately addressing covariance among dimensions and temperament types. Using longitudinal twin data, we took a person-centered statistical approach to identify temperament types and examined continuity and change across five developmental periods (Ninfancy = 602; Ntoddlerhood = 522; Nearly childhood = 390; Nlate childhood = 718; Nearly adolescence = 700). We then examined the genetic and environmental etiology of temperament types. Twins were boys and girls (51-53% female), primarily Hispanic/Latinx (23-30%) and non-Hispanic/Latinx White (56-63%), and from socioeconomically diverse families (28-38% near-or-below the poverty line). Using latent profile analysis, we identified three temperament types at each age characterized by negative reactivity and dysregulation, positive reactivity and strong self-regulation, and moderate reactivity and regulation. Latent transition analyses revealed considerable continuity in membership type for "negative dysregulated" beginning in infancy, log odds = 1.58 (SE = .65) to 3.16 (SE = .77), p < .01, of remaining relative to transitioning to "typical expressive", and "positive well-regulated" beginning in early childhood, log odds = 1.41 (SE = .56) to 2.25 (SE = .47), p < .05. Twin analyses revealed moderate heritability and a consistent role of the shared environment on positive well-regulated, with negative dysregulated and typical expressive also moderately heritable with the shared environment being important at some ages. Findings support the presence of theorized biologically based temperament types that develop rapidly in infancy and toddlerhood and provide a foundation for the study of individual differences and risk and resilience processes across the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A stigma-conscious framework for resilience and posttraumatic change.

Members of stigmatized groups face severe, chronic adversities that produce qualitatively unique and often challenging experiences. Further, access to resources relevant to overcoming adversity (e.g., time, money, energy, support) is depleted and blocked by stigmatization. However, current approaches to resilience and posttraumatic growth do not account for stigma, hindering our understanding of both constructs. Thus, drawing from the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), we develop a stigma-conscious framework on resilience and posttraumatic change (PTC) that extends existing work by enhancing realism and generalizability for stigmatized groups. We present a multilevel framework that explains how and why stigmatization directly (as an input) and indirectly (as an influencer of resource-related mechanisms) shapes resilience and PTC processes and outcomes. This framework advances interpretations of past work on resilience and posttraumatic growth, their respective conceptualizations and operationalizations, future model development, and interventions. We encourage and guide scholars to integrate stigma into resilience and PTC research and applications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

"Resilience looks like me": Community stakeholder perspectives on resilience in Black boys and young men exposed to community violence.

Black boys and young men are disproportionately burdened with navigating contexts of community violence resulting from race-based structural inequities and concentrated disadvantage. Despite this chronic adversity, many Black boys and young men thrive; however, resilience research has traditionally focused on identifying individual- and family-level factors that support resilience. Research has yet to fully examine community-level resources that facilitate processes of resilience for Black boys and young men in the contexts of trauma, violence, and poverty. Guided by ecological frameworks and using the community-based participatory method of action-oriented community diagnosis, our qualitative study examines the perspectives of diverse community stakeholders (N = 29) whose roles and influence span systems levels and shape contexts of violence and healing for Black boys and young men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Findings point toward relationship (mentoring), community (safe spaces to heal), and societal (interventions to dismantle racism) level opportunities and barriers ("terroristic territorialism") to promote resilience in Black boys and young men. Implications for research and praxis that broadens the scope of resilience research from successful adaptation to conditions of community violence to community-level intervention to promote resilience and transformation are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Resilient social workers’ perspective on their professional work during the COVID-19 pandemic. An interpretative phenomenological analysis

ABSTRACT This study aimed to an in-depth understanding and meaning making of the resilience processes of resilient social workers providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic, over a period of two years from the outbreak. A sample of 23 resilient social workers covering a range of different social services organisations in Romania participated in three focus groups. The method of interpretative phenomenological analysis has led to a matrix of four themes: resilience process, resilience factors, the meaning of the pandemic, the focus group experience. Findings showed that resilience processes evolved over three phases interpreted through the lenses of Bridges transitions model: firstly (March 2020–May 2020) ‘shock and chaos', secondly (June 2020–February 2021) ‘identifying order in chaos'; thirdly, (March 2021–March 2022) ‘integration and growth’. Findings indicate that individual resilience factors and team factors prevailed over organisational factors, even though supportive leadership and organisational support acted as resilience enhancers. Within a socio-ecological approach, a focus on individual resilience factors and relationships must not distract from the contribution that structural and social policy changes may have on resilience processes. Lessons learned - can contribute to the development of a resilience-informed approach to social work education and practice at both national and European level.

The role of resilience in navigating work stress and achieving daily work goals

SummaryOn a daily basis, resilience is critical for employees to cope with difficulties and challenges in achieving work goals. Understanding the dynamic resilience process throughout the workday is crucial for gaining insights into how employees can effectively leverage their resilience to meet their daily work goals. The present study aims to examine this dynamic resilience process in response to work stress while pursuing work goals among employees with different levels of trait resilience. Drawing on resilience literature and the conservation of resources theory, we propose a resilience‐depleting process in response to morning work stress within a short, half‐day timeframe. We further examine whether state resilience impacts subsequent work goal striving at the within‐person level. Additionally, we explore the buffering effect of trait resilience on the resilience‐depleting process after experiencing work stress. To test our hypotheses, we employed the experience sampling methodology with 108 full‐time employees over five consecutive workdays. Multilevel analyses revealed that morning work stress significantly diminished state resilience, indirectly influencing daily work goal progress through work goal activation. Notably, trait resilience buffered the negative impact of work stress on state resilience. These results offer insights into theoretical understanding and practical implications for managing employee state resilience in the face of work stress to achieve daily work goals.

Protecting oneself while supporting the organisation: A longitudinal exploratory study of healthcare workers’ coping strategies and organisational resilience processes in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major source of stress for health professionals and health institutions. In response, healthcare workers adapted their behaviours to protect their health and the organisational resilience of their institutions. The study aimed to explore these individual coping and organisational resilience strategies and their evolution during the first year of the pandemic. Based on a mixed and longitudinal protocol, the study included staff from several French-speaking Swiss healthcare institutions. Participants completed an online questionnaire three times during the first year of the pandemic. They described daily problematic work situations, coping styles, and organisational resilience strategies. ‘Problem solving’ was the most frequently reported coping style, followed by ‘positive thinking’, and in a lesser extent ‘seeking social support’ and ‘avoidance’. A high level of ‘problem solving’ and ‘positive thinking’ was associated with well-managed situations, learning and development of new work practices and higher team performance. A higher level of ‘seeking social support’ and ‘avoidance’ tended to be associated with high-risk problematic situations that hindered organisation resilience. Coping strategies differed depending on profession, job tenure and hierarchical status. The article concludes with recommendations for improving both organisational resilience and individual workers’ well-being in healthcare institutions.

From worries to resilience: a qualitative study of the psychosocial experiences of diverse adolescents and young adults with heart failure and their caregivers.

Despite advances in treatment and outcomes for paediatric heart failure, both physical and psychosocial comorbidities remain notable among this patient population. We aimed to qualitatively describe the psychosocial experiences of adolescent and young adults with heart failure and their caregivers' perceptions, with specific focus on personal challenges, worries, coping skills, and resilience. Structured, in-depth interviews were performed with 16 adolescent and young adults with heart failure and 14 of their caregivers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was performed, and themes were generated. Transcripts were coded by independent reviewers. Ten (63%) adolescent and young adults with heart failure identified as male and six (37.5%) patients self-identified with a racial or ethnic minority group. Adolescent and young adults with heart failure generally perceived their overall illness experience more positively and less burdensome than their caregivers. Some adolescent and young adults noted specific worries related to surgeries, admissions, major complications, death, and prognostic/treatment uncertainty, while caregivers perceived their adolescent and young adult's greatest worries to be around major complications and death. Adolescent and young adults and their caregivers were able to define and reflect on adolescent and young adult experiences of resilience, with many adolescent and young adults expressing a sense of optimism and gratitude as it relates to their medical journey. This study is the first of its kind to qualitatively describe the psychosocial experiences of a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of adolescent and young adults with heart failure, as well as their caregivers' perceptions of patient experiences. Findings underscore the importance of identifying distress and fostering resilient processes and outcomes in young people with advanced heart disease.

How Do You Become Resilient? A Critical Realist Explanation of the Youth Resilience Process

AbstractAdversities serve as risks, but also opportunities to acquire capacities to adjust positively in future stressors. There is now considerable agreement that resilience should be viewed as a process. However, a key question remains: Why do some individuals exhibit resilience while others do not? The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the youth resilience process and theorized on the specific mechanisms that support positive adjustment following adversities in early life. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 34 young adults with adverse childhood experiences; analysis followed a paradigm of critical realism. Results were organized in three levels of realist ontology to provide hierarchical and substantive support of findings and theorizations. We propose the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), which integrates and builds on existing theories and concepts to explain the mechanisms and different pathways of internal processes that foster resilience among youths.

Communicatively constructing resilience: Exploring family resilience in the experience of hereditary cancer

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to explore how families communicate to cope with hereditary cancer conditions and identify factors that may enhance resilience and recommended decision‐making.BackgroundFamilies with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome (HBOC), Lynch syndrome (LS), and Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) have an increased lifetime risk of developing cancer. We use the communication theory of resilience (CTR) to examine how families engage in resilience and make health decisions about hereditary cancer risks over time.MethodWe conducted 42 dyadic interviews with families with HBOC, LS, and LFS. Themes emerged through qualitative analysis for each of the resilience processes outlined by CTR (crafting normalcy, communication networks, identity anchors, alternative logics, and foregrounding productive action while legitimizing negative feelings), illustrating how family members manage stressors associated with hereditary cancer over time.ResultsParticipants described enacting each of the five CTR processes to manage the acute and chronic stressors associated with hereditary cancer. We described themes that emerged within each of the five resilience processes.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the ways in which families managing hereditary cancer risks enact resilience processes and how these processes may have a complex relationship to coping and medical decision‐making.ImplicationsFindings demonstrate areas for intervention to support familial resilience.