Resilient Behavior Research Articles

Effect of self-cementing properties on the mechanical behaviour of recycled concrete aggregates in unbound pavement layers

Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are increasingly being used in unbound pavement base and subbase layers, while the influence of their self-cementing properties on the mechanical behaviour has not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, the self-cementing properties, permanent deformation and resilient deformation behaviour of two RCA, NRCA (New RCA, crushed recently) and ORCA (Old RCA, crushed long time ago), showing significantly different self-cementing properties, after curing for different times (1, 180, 360 and 720 days), were investigated by pH value measurements, calorimeter tests and repeated load triaxial tests (RLTT). The results show that the self-cementing properties can significantly improve the mechanical behaviour of RCA, which is comparable to that of lightly treated materials. The permanent strains of NRCA, showing strong self-cementing properties, decrease to a very low value quickly after curing for 180 days, and then stabilize. While the resilient modulus of NRCA increases continuously with curing time, up to the studied curing time (720 days), 4.3 times larger than that curing for 1 day. It was also found that the traffic loads can damage the bonds between particles formed due to the self-cementing properties. On the contrary, for ORCA, showing negligible self-cementing properties, curing has no influence on the mechanical behaviour.

Effect of solution road RomixSoilfix on deformation performance of granular base material: A laboratory and field investigation

Granular base material (GBM) is widely used as a base course in flexible pavement, since it has good performances to disperse stress and resist deformation. However, due to the increasing cost of pavement construction resulted by the low stiffness of GBM, the application of flexible pavement was rarely reported in Chinese expressways. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of Solution Road RomixSoilfix (SRX) on deformation performance of GBM and to evaluate the feasibility of SRX modified GBM (SRX-GBM) as a flexible base in expressway structure. A series of experimental tests were performed to analyze the influence of SRX content on curing process, stability and deformation performance of SRX-GBM. Subsequently, a flexible pavement was constructed using the SRX-GBM base course at the field sections on Tengchong to Longchuan Expressway in Southwest China. Results show that the use of SRX improves the California bearing ratio (CBR) of GBM, which raises from 145% to 417%. The dry shrinkage resistance and water stability of SRX-GBM are obviously better than cement-stabilized macadam. The results of triaxial tests demonstrate that the resilient behavior of SRX-GBM is dependent on the stress characteristics and curing times. The existing stress-related model is available for evaluating the changes of stress contribution to the Mr with the increase of SRX content. Since the base course has a high residual moisture content in a humid climate, the CBR of 250% was proposed by field CBR and deflection tests as a criterion for controlling curing time.

The light triad moral dimension and resilience as predictors of health behaviors among COVID-19 convalescents

Research on the frequency of health-related behaviors performed by people after COVID-19 and its relationship with personal resources, personality traits and positive orientation to other people are intended to shed new light on the situation of convalescents after suffering from the disease. The purpose of this thesis was to identify and determine the relationship between moral dimension of the Light Triad, resilience and health behaviors among COVID-19 convalescents. The study involved 204 people aged 18 to 75 years who reported having COVID-19 disease. Each respondent was asked to complete an identical set of survey tools, which consisted of: survey information, metrics and three tools to determine the level of surveyed variables. These were the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Light Triad Scale (LTS) and the Health Behaviors Inventory (IZZ). Studies have shown that there are statistically significant associations between resilience, the Light Triad and health behaviors among COVID-19 convalescents. Resilience and the Light Triad have been found to be predictors of health behaviors in the COVID-19 recovery group, which means that individuals who treat adversity as developmental challenges and are positively oriented towards other people in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease show a higher level of health behaviors after the disease.

Lateritic soil deformability regarding the variation of compaction energy in the construction of pavement subgrade

The performance of the subgrade towards the main deterioration mechanisms must be considered in the pavement structure design. Thus, this paper discusses the resilient modulus and permanent deformation evaluation of a pedological horizon of a Brazilian lateritic soil deposit, comparing samples compacted in the laboratory at the three compaction energies (standard, intermediate and modified) and undisturbed samples. Physical, chemical, and mechanical characterization tests were conducted. The cyclic tests were performed in repeated load triaxial tests and according to the current Brazilian standards. Five mathematical models widely used were employed to verify the resilient modulus behavior of the sample conditions, in which the Compound and Universal models showed the best correlations. For permanent deformation, the model was used, which well-expressed the plastic behavior of the analyzed conditions. Although all cases appeared to attend the shakedown criteria, some samples did not reach the deformation rate required by the standard. As the compaction energy was increased, the resilient modulus increased, and the permanent deformation decreased. Therefore, there is a substantial modification of the material behavior by increasing the compaction.

Resilience as mediator in the relationship between child maltreatment and prosocial behaviors among children from single-parent families in China

ObjectiveThe increasing divorce rate in Mainland China resulted in more children experiencing in the developmental challenges of growing up in single-parent families. The current study aimed to understand the association between prosocial behaviors and child maltreatment of children from single-parent families and to investigate the possible mediation effect of resilience. MethodThis study analyzed 431 school-aged children from single-parent families in Tianjin, China (49.7% males, Mage = 13.10). We ran group comparisons to determine the group differences in prosocial behaviors between children with and without child maltreatment experience and also tested the mediation effect of resilience. ResultsThis study found that single-parent children who experienced physical abuse and emotional abuse tended to show less prosocial behaviors than their peers. Resilience partially mediated the effect of physical abuse and fully mediated the impact of emotional neglect on children’s prosocial behaviors but did not buffer the impact of emotional abuse. ConclusionThis study filled in some knowledge gaps by examining the mechanisms between child maltreatment, resilience, and prosocial behaviors of children from single-parent families in Mainland China. The findings contribute to future social work practice to enhance single-parent children’s prosocial behaviors.

Pain Catastrophizing in Dance Students in Relation to Resilient Behavior and Self-Reported Injuries.

Pain catastrophizing is characterized by a set of negative emotional and cognitive processes in response to pain, with a tendency to focus inordinately on the painful sensation, exaggerate the damage, and perceive feelings of helplessness. It is a psychological factor that can be treated to help people more effectively cope with pain. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the relationship between self-reported injuries, resilient behavior, and pain catastrophizing in dance students, with more than 3 years of study in public conservatories or private academies. A sample of 147 dance students participated, 75.5% of whom were female with a mean age of 28.34 yrs (SD 11.42). Pain catastrophizing was assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and resilience was assessed using the Resilience Scale. Students in the high resilience category reported lower scores on rumination and magnification, with a marginal difference in total catastrophizing and no difference in helplessness. Those who reported having suffered injuries during the last 3 years showed higher scores in total catastrophizing, rumination, and magnification, but not in helplessness. Those who reported mild injuries showed differences in pain catastrophizing, rumination, and magnification, while those with moderate and severe/very severe injuries only showed differences in magnification. The individual nature of pain perception and coping strategies suggests that pain catastrophizing may be considered before dance performance and in those dancers who do not recover as expected after injury.

An Environmental and Climate History of the Roman Expansion in Italy

Abstract A first synthesis of available data for the period of Rome’s expansion in Italy (about 400–29 b.c.e.) shows the role of climate and environment in early Roman imperialism. Although global indices suggest a warmer phase with relatively few short-term climate events occuring around the same time as the expansion, local data emphasize the highly variable timing and expression of these trends. This variability casts doubt on ideas of a unitary, historically consequential “Roman Warm Period.” The historical importance of climate and environment to socioeconomic development merits emphasis, but should be understood in terms of evolving, contingent forms of resilience and risk-mitigating behavior by Italian communities during Roman expansion.

SEAFARER'S RESILIENCE ABILITY TO COPE WITH STRESS

Stress is a condition that arises due to a discrepancy between the demands received and the ability to overcome them. Each person's stress resistance can be different depending on the somato-psychosocial state (Fitri et al, 2012). Job stress is an emotional and physical response that disturbs and causes harm arising from job demands that are not in accordance with competence. Resilience is the capacity of individuals to face, overcome, strengthen themselves and continue to make changes in relation to problems or trials experienced, each individual has the capacity to be resilient. Based on observations and interviews that have been conducted with seafarers, the stress that occurs on seafarers while carrying out tasks on board greatly affects their lives, the more quickly they are provoked by emotions, the more easily they get angry so they are involved in acts of violence against other people on board. The research method used was a phenomenological type qualitative method approach, the respondents of this study were seafarers of productive age and had 10 years of sailing experience. Data analysis used is observation, open interviews and non-formal interviews. The results of this study showed that seafarers' resilience attitudes and behaviors were influenced by seafarers' personal abilities (I AM), their ability to make good use of their resilience resources (I HAVE) and their ability (I CAN) to get out of stress, depression, bad experiences and past traumas. The synergy of the three is a source of resilience for sailors. Resilience in seafarers is strengthened and formed by the existence of social support obtained by seafarers through relationships with family, friends, community and the existence of work cultural values that are determined by both work cultural values from the office or work cultural values from the skipper on the ship.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0001/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A rule-based modeling approach for network application availability assessment under dynamic network restoration scheme

The efficient and accurate assessment method for application availability is essential for network operators to make the resilience-cost trade-off policy. However, the backup path of application is dynamically discovered upon both other application requests and global network resource distribution under network restoration scheme, makes the current analytical network availability models difficult for assessing application availability effectively in large-scale network scenarios. This paper proposed a rule-based modeling approach to capture application resilience behavior and measure the uncertainties during dynamic restoration process. Firstly, we propose an evolution object formalism for modeling the attributes of both logical application and network infrastructure. Secondly, the network evolution condition model is proposed to describe the failure modes of individual components. Finally, the network evolution rule is proposed, which utilizes general graph algorithm and resource match function as local rules to determine application restoration resource contention outcomes during the state transition. Through simulations, the proposed approach evaluates application availability in terms of recovery time during system state transition controlled by the rules. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified to an actual optical network case under two typical network restoration schemes and compare its accuracy against two analytical approaches based on RBD (Reliability Block Diagram) and Markov Chain. The sensitivity results reveal that link capacity has a more significant impact on application availability than link failures.

Green and Blue Infrastructures and Nature-Based Solutions to Reduce Pollutant Emissions and Make Transitioning Urban Ecosystems More Climate Change-Adaptive

The growing impact of extreme weather phenomena in different areas of the globe and the empirical evidence of the economic, social and environmental damage caused by global warming, urgently, calls for appropriate responses. Urban areas are part of the planet where the greatest social costs of global warming will be paid, and so it seems very important to take on the issue of climate change adaptation in land use and urban planning. In several cities, new planning instruments and projects have been developed that highlight a profound cultural change and approach to urban planning that we have known for the last two centuries. The lack of adequate management measures concerning increasingly frequent disasters lead to environmental, economic (e.g., exposure to risks and costs associated with extreme weather events), and social impacts (e.g., health impacts related to air quality, heat islands, etc., with an increase in chronic ailments and various diseases). As recognised by Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), the United Nations (UN) New Urban Agenda and the World Forum on Urban Forests, green and blue infrastructures (GBIs) and nature-based solutions (NBSs) can reduce these impacts by promoting population health shaping as an adaptation strategy to climate change. GBIs and NBSs for the sustainability, resilience and well-being of urban communities are increasingly considered efficient strategies to mitigate climate change-dependent disasters, but they are not yet considered in a systematic way within urban planning. The paper aims to investigate the role of GBIs and NBSs in the resilience of cities and urban communities against the risks associated with the climate crisis. Furthermore, the paper suggests how GBI and NBS could be interwoven into visions, urban planning, and design to create resilient places for people and resilient community behaviours.

Associations Between Distinct State Anxiety Profiles, Exposure to Stressful Life Events, Resilience, and Coping in Patients with Gynecologic Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy

In a sample of patients with gynecologic cancers who are receiving chemotherapy, subgroups of patients with distinct state anxiety profiles were identified, and differences among the subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, stress, exposure to stressful life events, resilience, and coping behaviors were evaluated. Patients (n = 230) completed questionnaires six times over two chemotherapy cycles. State anxiety was measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Subgroups of patients with distinct state anxiety profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. Differences among the classes were assessed using parametric and nonparametric tests. Three distinct state anxiety profiles were identified: low (55.2%), moderate (38.3%), and very high (6.5%). Compared with the low class, persons in the other two classes had lower functional status, more comorbidities, higher perceived stress, and lower resilience and were more likely to report a history of depression and to use disengagement coping strategies. Compared with the low class, the very high class was more likely to report childcare responsibilities; have a history of lung disease, stomach disease, or low back pain; have experienced physical neglect, serious money problems, a serious disaster, or foster care; or were a caregiver for someone with a severe disability. Nearly 45% of patients reported clinically meaningful levels of state anxiety that persisted over two cycles of chemotherapy. Experiences with a variety of stressors may be risk factors for higher levels of anxiety during chemotherapy. Clinicians need to perform comprehensive social histories and assess for anxiety in patients receiving chemotherapy.

A qualitative analysis of child protection professionals' challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeChild Protection Professionals (CPPs) play a key role in providing insights into the child protection system and how it can best support children's right to personal security, particularly during trying times like the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative research provides one potential tool to tap into this knowledge and awareness. This research thus expanded earlier qualitative work on CPPs' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their work, including potential struggles and barriers, into the context of a developing country. MethodsA total of 309 CPPs from all five regions in Brazil answered demographics, pandemic-related resilient behaviors, and open-ended questions regarding their profession during the pandemic. ResultsData went through a three-step process of analysis: (1) pre-analysis; (2) category creation; and (3) coding of responses. Five categories emerged from the analysis: the Pandemic's Impact on CPPs' Work; the Impact of the Pandemic on CPP-Involved Families; Occupational Concerns during the Pandemic; Politics and the Pandemic; and Vulnerability due to the Pandemic. ConclusionsOur qualitative analyses showed the pandemic resulted in increased challenges for CPPs across several fronts within their workplace. Although each of these categories is discussed separately, they all influenced one another. This highlights the need to continue efforts to support CPPs.

Resilient shopping behaviours by change, not by chance: are disruptive events’ effects permanent?

The paper investigates the impact of disruptive events on distribution channels. In particular, it explores the mechanism underlying changes in consumer shopping behaviours during stressful events and their persistence in the aftermath. An empirical study on 2019 Italian consumers allowed us to shed light on the drivers and the dynamics of the changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic from an Alphabet Theory perspective. The paper has the merit of providing one of the first operationalisations of this theoretical framework and proving its capability to, on the one hand, add granularity to the values-beliefs-norms Theory during a disruptive event through habits and context and, on the other hand, to provide retailers with a better understanding of the persisting effects in the aftermath. Results show that context exerts a significant influence on attitudes and habits and that the related behavioural changes are destined to be persistent when associated with new habits that imply the development of new competencies and attitudes whose object carries emotional value.

Use of Phosphoric Acid and Rice Hulk Ash as Lateritic Soil Stabilizers for Paving Applications

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a product that can be used as a stabilizing additive for tropical soils in an exploratory manner by the construction industry. For the drying process of this grain, its husks are used as fuel for ovens, generating rice husk ash (RHA), which is considered an environmental liability if not reused. In this sense, this paper aimed to evaluate the resilient behavior and the simple compressive strength, at different curing ages, of the use of rice husk ash and phosphoric acid in a simple and combined mixture for the stabilization of lateritic soil. The lateritic soil was mixed with different contents of RHA, H3PO4, and water and compacted in intermediate and modified Proctor energies. Fractured soil samples in the mechanical compressive strength tests were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show the potential for stabilization of the lateritic soil in question in terms of resilience and simple compressive strength through the addition of RHA and H3PO4 at different curing ages. The insertion of only H3PO4 produced the most satisfying resilient behavior. By adding RHA, the strength properties were improved, and good mixtures were obtained for use in paving.

A stress–temperature superposition approach to study the nonlinear resilient behavior of cold recycled mixtures (CRM) with active filler addition

The asphalt paving sector is currently embracing and enhancing cold mixture technologies to reduce carbon emissions and decarbonize its operations. Cold recycled mixtures (CRM) have proven to be a promising alternative in road construction and rehabilitation, becoming a primary research focus. This study evaluates the effects on compactability and volumetric properties of adding 1% Portland cement or 1% hydrated lime to CRM made with 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement and bitumen emulsion. Dynamic triaxial tests with different confinement pressures (ranging from 20 to 200 kPa) and temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35 °C) were used to determine the influence of these active filler additions on the resilient modulus (Mr) of the mixtures. All the mixtures exhibited increased Mr values at lower temperatures and reduced stress–dependency. Cement addition had the most favorable effect on compactability, reducing the necessary compaction energy, while mixtures with hydrated lime had more substantial increases in Mr and reduced stress dependencies. Finally, the results were analyzed by plotting master curves using a proposed novel approach called Stress–Temperature Superposition Principle (STSP), which allows for simpler and more straightforward analyses.

Role of entrepreneurial resilience in SMEs to promote marketing and entrepreneurship amid Covid19 challenges

PurposeResilient firms are more likely to survive crisis. This paper aims to investigate the resilient behavior displayed by small and medium enterprise (SME) owners in the pandemic context and the sequence of antecedents leading to resilient behavior.Design/methodology/approachSeven SME owners, from different business sectors, were interviewed twice in 8 months, to assess their actions and underlying entrepreneurial resilience. A model was developed depicting the sequence of activities leading to entrepreneurial resiliency behavior. The study was conducted in the capital city of Odisha, an eastern Indian state.FindingsThe results indicate that entrepreneurial resiliency is manifested in various forms where the SME owners engage in bricolage. Resiliency has an inevitable time dimension, where SME owners estimate the period for which adversity is likely to persist. They focus on alternative action to demonstrate resiliency. It was also learnt that revenue management during a crisis requires entrepreneurial marketing with innovativeness, opportunity seeking and value creation to improve resiliency.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is important for policymakers who can strengthen resiliency through the support and provision of adequate information to SME owners. Educators can use the model for discussion and pedagogy. Finally, SME owners can evaluate their response behaviors to a crisis and draw insights.Originality/valueThe approach of the study was longitudinal and qualitative. This study contributes to the literature gap on resiliency in the context of emerging markets and SMEs.

Experiential COVID-19 factors predicting resilience among Spanish adults

BackgroundThe pandemic caused by COVID-19 has meant for spanish citizens a constant adaptation to health measures in order to try to stop transmission of the virus. During this adaptation process, different psychosocial aspects have caused consequences for people?s mental health to a greater or lesser extent. Makes sense of an emotional torrent who has gone through fear, anxiety, loneliness and anger. The interaction between perception and reality has given rise to situations where loneliness and social isolation have been imposed and lived with a load of emotional discomfort. In others, social isolation and measures to stop the pandemic have been accepted as a protection system and has been experienced since serenity and the feeling of self-protection fostering individual resilience. Studying the predictors of resilience is going to be key since it is the ideal antidote to stop the appearance of mental disorders associated with the pandemic (such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, social phobia, cleaning obsessions, and generalized anxiety disorder). The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between resilience and experiential COVID-19 factors.MethodsSample was comprised of Spanish adults (n = 1000; age 18-79 [mean =40.43],793 female, 201 male, and 2 non binary sex). These people participating in an online study focused on the impact of COVID-19 experiences. The research has been cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. The instrument created for this research was a specific online questionnaire, including the “Scale of resilience” (RS, Wagnild & Young, 1993, Spanish version, Sánchez-Teruel, et al., 2015). That questionnaire has been administered during the months of April 2022 to July 2022.ResultsThe results obtained show how people who have been able to face the pandemic in a responsive and adaptive way have high resilience. Specifically, those participants that accepting the use of masks, vaccinations and confinement obtained high resilience.ConclusionsUsing public funding and allocating research to the development of programs to promote resilience, adaptative beliefs and prosocial behaviors becomes basic to live in a world in constant change.

Degree modeling of pistachio farmers' resilience against climate change (Study subject: Rural areas of Rafsanjan and Anar counties, Iran)

The counties of Rafsanjan and Anar are some of the main production centers of pistachio, an important strategic commodity of Iran that is recently facing major environmental problems such as climate change. Therefore, the present research has modeled the degree of resilience of Rafsanjan pistachio and pomegranate farmers against climate change. The study's statistical population was pistachio farmers in the rural areas of Rafsanjan and Anar, which were 27,860 people. To determine the sample size of the research, a sample size of 588 users was calculated using Cochran's formula, with an error level of 4%. Users were then randomly selected in each village as a proportional assignment. A questionnaire was used for data collection. A group of experts determined its validity, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine its reliability and internal consistency. The combined method of Vaikor-entropy was used to measure the resilience behavior of Rafsanjan pistachio and pomegranate farmers against climate change. Data processing was done using MATLAB 7.10, AMOSver24, SPSSver25, and Arc-GIS 10.5 software. The results show that the behavior of the studied farmers' resilience against climate change is at an average level. Also, after analysis, the studied villages were divided into six levels, ranging from lack of endurance to resilient. None of the villages fell into the lowest or highest level. There are 8 villages with a very weak resilience level and 22 villages in the weak resilience level. There are 26 villages at the relatively resistant level and 4 villages in the good resilience level. This finding indicates that the investigated pistachio growers are not in good shape in terms of climate change resilience, and they are unable to deal with larger climate change variations, which can have serious effects on the agricultural sector and the villages' livelihoods.

Adapting HLA-based co-simulation for interdependent infrastructure resilience management

Since infrastructure systems are threatened by natural or man-made hazards with unprecedented frequency and intensity, decision-makers spare no efforts in proposing methods and tools to improve the resilience of interdependent infrastructures. However, these approaches and toolkits are flawed in characterizing the heterogeneous operating regimes of different infrastructure systems. Moreover, worst-case scenario is commonly harnessed when generating the hazard information maps and assessing the induced adverse consequences on infrastructures, which is exaggerated as all the identified vulnerable spots in infrastructures rarely suffer from the worst situation simultaneously. Besides, resilience assessment methods are mostly static and not competent in capturing the emergence and development of specified hazard event and revealing the dynamic resilience behavior of interdependent infrastructure systems. To address these gaps, this paper proposes an overarching High Level Architecture (HLA)-based co-simulation framework which is composed of the HLA-based service adaptation supported by the Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) libraries, simulators and interface design between the federates, and typical scenarios to facilitate interdependent infrastructure resilience management. It further adapts and orchestrates the generic HLA-based co-simulation framework to suit the interdependent infrastructure resilience management scenarios, while accommodating the physics-based domain-specific simulators; supports seamless and interoperable message exchange between interdependent infrastructures along with the development of specific hazards; and provides interface design between the infrastructure-specific simulators and the RTI. A typical flooding case is adopted to demonstrate the validity and transferability of our proposed framework. The overarching HLA-based co-simulation framework aims to formalize a modeling paradigm to investigate the time-varying resilience behavior of interdependent infrastructure systems, in order to contribute to the collaborative and joint decision making efforts between stakeholders of infrastructure regulatory agencies.

Supporting the frail elderly: from resilience to reducing hospitalizations

The frail elderly population will most certainly continue to grow in the coming years. Consequently, the number of hospitalizations and the iatrogenic dependence linked to them will increase. In this context, it seems interesting to question frailty. Indeed, accompanying, in ambulatory care, these patients towards a resilient behavior is one of the roles of advanced practice nurses, which it would be judicious to deepen in order to decrease the recourse to hospitalization.