Type Of Residence Research Articles

The Level of Mental Health Literacy among Medical Students of Universitas Gadjah Mada: A Study Using Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire-Short Version for Adults (MHLq-SVa)

Background: mental health problem is general challenge for today’s and future generation. Prevalence improvement for this problem reveals the importance of early diagnostic in order to improve medication and treatment effectiveness. One of preventive action is by increasing mental health literacy (MHL) that can be measured by applying Mental Health Literacy Short Version for Adults (MHLq-SVa).Objective: To measure level of mental health literacy among medical students of Gadjah Mada University (UGM) also to reveal relation between sociodemographic toward level of literacy.Method: The study is descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional method. The questionnaire was distributed to 102 respondents which were active medical students at UGM with convenience sampling method. The data was analyzed descriptively and statistically by applying One-Way ANOVA dan Mann Whitney U.Result: Level of mental health literacy among medical students of Gadjah Mada University has median value of 72 and average score is 71.0±6.01 with score range of 52-80. The result stated that 56.9% of respondents have high mental health literacy. Results of statistical test showed that years of study and field of study significantly correlate with mental health literacy score with p value less than 0.001. Meanwhile the sociodemographic characteristics of sex (p=0.166), type of residence (p=0.871), monthly expense (p=0.306) and perceived health status (p=0.135) did not show statictically significant correlation with mental health literacy score.Conclusion: Mental health literacy level among medical students of Universitas Gadjah Mada was relatively high and there was correlation between mental health literacy score and years of study and field of study.

Hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster vaccine among healthcare workers in Bangladesh.

Despite completing the COVID-19 vaccination series, healthcare workers (HCWs) remain at an elevated risk of re-infection. Booster uptake, though essential for this group, remains poorly characterized among Bangladeshi HCWs. This study identified the prevalence and driving factors behind booster hesitancy among Bangladeshi HCWs, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions. From December 2022 to June 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1772 HCWs enrolled from 20 healthcare facilities of all tiers purposively selected across four administrative divisions of Bangladesh. We collected information through face-to-face interviews regarding their sociodemographic, pre-existing, and currently existing medical conditions, COVID-19 vaccination status, and their intention, hesitancy, and willingness to receive future booster doses. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to analyze factors associated with booster hesitancy. Odd's ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for each factor, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Of the 1772 HCWs interviewed in our study, 49% (879) were nurses [median age 36 years (IQR: 30.0-46.0)]; 69% were female. Among the respondents, 94% (1667) were willing to take a booster, and 6% (105) showed hesitancy. Safety concerns, especially regarding potential side effects post-booster administration (86%), emerged as the leading cause of booster hesitancy among healthcare workers. Our multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that support staff, compared to physicians, were the most hesitant to receive any additional booster dose (aOR 4.68, 95% CI: 1.56-9.03; p=0.006). Compared to rural residency, HCWs with an urban residency type were also more reluctant to receive booster doses (aOR 4.45, 95% CI: 2.03-9.73; p < 0.001). Concerns about side effects following booster administration were the primary driver of hesitancy in our study. Targeted interventions focusing on education and addressing these anxieties-supported by evidence-based communication strategies-could play a crucial role in improving booster acceptance and safeguarding this vulnerable workforce.

Sociocultural determinants of health-associated quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan: evidence from a multi-stage cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of refugees worldwide. Every individual deserves access to the fundamental right to health, and migration can have a substantial beneficial or detrimental effect on one’s health. Foreign invasions and political instability in Afghanistan affected neighboring countries with the large influx of refugees. Discrepancies in quality of life between the host and refugee populations may lead to health inequalities. Investigations in Pakistan on the quality of life of Afghan refugees were scarce despite more than four decades of refugee status. Therefore, this study was initiated to assess the sociocultural determinants influencing health-associated quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan.MethodsThe Punjab province and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province refugee populations were selected as the study population for cross-sectional research based on the inclusion criteria of majority refugee representation and female participation. Quantitative research methodology with pre-validated WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires was used for data collection via multi-stage probability sampling techniques. We collected data from 1,185 study participants and applied univariate and bivariate analyses. Inferential analyses included independent t-tests and ANOVA.ResultsThe average scores for the entire sample of Afghan refugees were highest for the social domain (58.78 ± 22.74), followed by the physical domain (53.29 ± 19.46), the general health domain (50.44 ± 20.10), the environmental domain (48.43 ± 16.30), and the psychological domain (46.52 ± 14.78). Age, marital status, family setup, mother language, number of years in the host country, residence type, family monthly income, access to health care, current health status, chronic health illness, substance abuse (smoking), cultural compatibility, linguistic barriers, and social inclusion were non-significant with all the subdomains in the inferential analysis using the independent t-test and analysis of variance.ConclusionThe Afghan refugees’ average scores across all health-associated quality-of-life domains were lower than Pakistan’s host population and the standard cutoff criteria (< 60 indicates poor quality of life). The development of a national policy to include refugees in health insurance programs seems essential to improve the health-associated quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan.

Quality of Life Among the Elderly Within Varied Societal Contexts and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Elderly in Diverse Living Conditions

Quality of Life Among the Elderly Within Varied Societal Contexts and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Elderly in Diverse Living Conditions

An epidemiological study of hepatitis virus infection in psychiatric patients in East China

BackgroundsPsychiatric patients have been the focus of social attention, and they may be more susceptible to hepatitis viruses. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of hepatitis virus infection among psychiatric patients in East China.MethodsA total of 6,5911 newly admitted psychiatric patients at Shandong Daizhuang Hospital from 2017 to 2023 were included in this study. Test results of serum biomarkers for HBV and HCV infection were collected from psychiatric patients. Background information such as sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, residence, region, and types of psychosis were collected. Results of serum markers for hepatitis B and C were also collected from 23,628 non-psychiatric individuals.ResultsIn the study area, the HBV infection rate in psychiatric patients was 3.75% (95% CI: 3.46–3.74%) and showed a decreasing trend by year (p for trend = 0.000). The HCV infection rate in psychiatric patients was 0.23% (95% CI: 0.19–0.27%). The HBV infection rates differed among sex, age, marital status, occupation, residence, region, severity, and psychosis types. The HCV infection rates differed among age, marital status, occupation, and psychosis types. The HBV infection rate in psychiatric patients was positively skewed with age, being lowest in the age group of 5–15 years old and the highest in the age group of 36–40 years old, similar to the distribution of HBV infection in non-psychiatric patients. The HCV infection rate in psychiatric patients increased with age (p for trend = 0.000) and was similar to non-psychiatric patients (p for trend = 0.000). Compared with non-psychiatric patients, the “Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol”, “Schizophrenia”, “Mental disorders due to epilepsy”, “Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence”, “Obsessive-compulsive disorder”, “Somatoform disorders” and “Depressive episode” become influencing factors for HBV infection. Compared with non-psychiatric patients, the “Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere”, “Depressive episode” become influencing factors for HCV infection. Being male, jobless and living in rural were risk factors for HBV infection, and urban became a risk factor for HCV infection.Discussion and conclusionThe rate of HBV and HCV infection among psychiatric patients in this region have remained low. Gender, age, occupation, residence, and types of psychosis were identified as potential influencing factors for hepatitis virus infection.

Attitudes of rural Polish population towards Ukrainian migrants

Over the two years, the sentiment and attitudes of Poles towards those who came from Ukraine have evolved. The coexistence of Poles and Ukrainians presents a substantial challenge marked by history, culture, and religion. The aim of the article is to present the attitudes of Poles towards supporting people from Ukraine who came to Poland against the backdrop of the integration of the two nations. The authors attempted to identify factors shaping Poles' attitudes towards migrants from Ukraine in a study titled ‘National Identity of Poles in Light of Migration of Ukrainian Nationals: Prevention of Social Conflicts’. The CATI survey was conducted in March 2023. The independent variables considered relevant under the research design are sex, age, education, and type of residence (village or small town). The authors proposed that the historical and cultural diversity of Poland may affect the current attitudes of Poles towards Ukrainians. Despite the long time since the Ukrainian aggression against Poles, the trauma may still influence relationships. The statistical analysis offers the following conclusions: women demonstrated a less favorable attitude towards Ukrainian refugees than men; young respondents aged 25–34 declared the most negative attitudes; people with higher education declared the most positive attitudes; residents of municipalities where the number of Ukrainians grew assumed less favorable attitudes; the respondents indicated three potential causes of problems for Polish-Ukrainian relationships: mindset differences, historical resentments, and cultural differences. They found religious differences to be much less of a potential problem. The results demonstrate the need to educate Polish society, especially in the eastern region bordering Ukraine. Moreover, residents of rural municipalities where the Ukrainian population grew exhibit more critical attitudes. This suggests a passive approach by municipal authorities to integrating these individuals. The present study should be considered a pilot that needs to be complemented with further in-depth qualitative analyses.

Comparison of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Stroke Prediction

The early diagnosis and management of diseases in medicine have become critically important in today's world. This comparative thesis focuses on evaluating models developed using various machine learning and deep learning techniques (Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, CNN 1-D, LSTM 1-D, BİLSTM 1-D) to determine the risk of stroke. The obtained highest accuracy values are as follows: LR (0.96), DT (0.95), RF (0.95), SVM (0.96), CNN (0.9442), LSTM (0.9442), BİLSTM (0.9442). The study analyzes a dataset containing various clinical parameters (age, gender, hypertension, heart disease, marital status, occupation type, residence type, average glucose level, BMI, and smoking) using the healthcare-dataset-stroke-data/Fedesoriano. This comparative research aims to make a significant contribution to the field of health by evaluating the effectiveness of different machine learning and deep learning models in determining the risk of stroke.

Prevalence and factors associated with caesarean section among Tanzanian women of reproductive age: evidence from the 2022 Tanzania demographic and health survey data

BackgroundCaesarean Section (CS) is one of the commonest surgical procedures worldwide. It is an important medical intervention for reducing the risk of poor perinatal outcomes. However, there was increased trends in CS in sub-Saharan Africa as maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity remains high. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS rates in Tanzania.MethodologyThis was a secondary data analysis of 4,768 women of reproductive age (15–49) in Tanzania. The data utilized was from the Tanzania Demographic Health and Survey (TDHS) 2022. The factors associated with CS were identified using multivariable binary logistic regression.ResultsOut of 4,768 women of reproductive age in Tanzania, 497 (10.4%) had CS. Attaining primary (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.79,95% CI 1.23–2.60), secondary (aOR:2.07,95% CI 1.36–3.14) and higher education (aOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.08–5.12); having a husband/partner with higher education; being in richest household wealth quintile (aOR:1.98,95% CI (1.31-3.00), having a job (aOR:1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58 and having attended more than 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits (aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.67) were associated with a higher odds of undergoing CS compared to their respective counterparts. However, living in rural areas (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI:0.58–0.94), being multiparous women with 2–4 births (aOR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.84) and 5 or more births (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32–0.60) were associated with lower odds of CS.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of CS among women of reproductive age in Tanzania was 10.4%. The highest educational level, husband/partner’s educational attainment, household wealth quintile, type of residence, employment status, increased ANC number, and high parity were associated with CS. The CS prevalence is at the lower limit of the recommendation of the World Health Organisation of 10–15%. Further researches are necessary to highlight other barriers, facilitators and outcome of CSs in Tanzania to advise policy stakeholders.

Knowledge About HPV and the HPV Vaccine: Observational Study on a Convenience Sample of Adolescents from Select Schools in Three Regions in Italy

Background/Objectives: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infectious agent worldwide and adolescents are at high risk of contracting HPV. The aim of our study was to find out how much adolescents know about the virus and its effects, and to obtain information on attitudes and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination to close these gaps. Methods: As part of the ESPRIT project, 598 lower secondary (11–14 years) and upper secondary (14–19 years) school students from three Italian regions were surveyed between December 2023 and March 2024 using a seven-question online questionnaire on awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Count and zero-inflation models were used to determine correlations between sexes, urban/suburban, province of residence, and school type with knowledge. Results: Lower secondary students believed that HPV causes HIV/AIDS (8.9%) or hepatitis C (3.0%) and rarely mentioned anal (21%) and oral sex (9.6%) as ways of transmission. Among upper secondary students, misconceptions were similar, with worrying rates of students stating that HPV only causes cancer in females (18%) or males (2.4%), and low rates of identifying transmission risk through anal (41%) and oral (34%) sex and genital contact (38%). The HPV vaccination rate was quite low (47% in lower secondary students, 61% in upper secondary students). In the regressions, sex, urban/suburban area, and province were the variables associated with higher levels of knowledge for lower secondary students; for upper secondary students, level of knowledge was associated with sex, urban/suburban area, school type, and province of residence. Conclusions: Awareness and knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine are low among Italian students in this study and reported vaccination coverage is below the national target. Coordinated efforts at the national level are needed to address this public health issue.

Factors Influencing Occupational Health Practices and Hypertension Among Security Personnel in a Public University

Introduction: The noncommunicable disease has emerged as a major epidemic for decades and hypertension has been reported as a disease that has a high association with the occupational factors of security personnel. The duty routines of security personnel such as doing patrols, post-guards and the need to stay alert have made them vulnerable to occupational health and safety hazards. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing occupational health practices and hypertension among security personnel in a public university in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the security personnel of a public university in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, using a convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires adapted from NHMS 2019 have been distributed among the security personnel of the selected public university. Data analysis was conducted by using the SPSS version 28. Descriptive analysis and cross-tabulations were conducted. Pearson Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to find the association. Statistical significance was considered at p&lt;.05. Results: Of the total respondents, 77.7% were male and 22.3% of them were female. The mean age of the respondents was 35.5 years with a standard deviation of 8.5. The proportion of annual cardiovascular screenings was 68%, and type of residence (p=.013) and previous employment factors (p=.013) were found to be statistically significant. Alternately, the proportion of recent cancer screenings was 16.5%, and gender (p=&lt;.001), marital status (p=.004) and year of services (p=.034) were found to be statistically significant. The prevalence of hypertension was 21.4%, and age (p=.001) and year of services (p=.010), were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Early detection of underlying disease will contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Subsequently, annual health screening activities are essential in guaranteeing the quality of health and a life sustenance fundamental practice among security personnel.

Factors associated with communicable diseases-related health behavior in older adults: A structural equation model.

Factors associated with communicable diseases-related health behavior in older adults: A structural equation model.

Unintended pregnancy and contraceptive use among residents of slum and non-slum areas in Kinshasa, DRC: a comparative analysis using PMA survey data (2014–2020)

Urbanization is rapidly increasing worldwide, with slum settlements emerging as a significant concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study examines contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies among women residing in slum and non-slum areas of Kinshasa between 2014 and 2020. We analyzed data from the Performance Monitoring for Action survey conducted between 2014 and 2020, encompassing 19,568 women. Logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, was used to assess the association between residence type (slum vs. non-slum) and contraceptive use as well as unintended pregnancies. Results indicate a rise in contraceptive prevalence in Kinshasa from 2014 to 2020, with slum areas consistently exhibiting higher prevalence rates compared to non-slum areas. Long-term contraceptive method prevalence increased from 4 to 8% in slum areas, contrasting with the stable rate of approximately 3% in non-slum areas over the same period. Although there was a decline in unintended pregnancy prevalence in slum areas in recent years, rates remain elevated compared to non-slum areas. In bivariate analysis, women residing in slum areas were twice as likely to report unintended pregnancies compared to those in non-slum areas (OR: 2.33; 95% CI 2.008–2.698). However, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, residence type (slum vs. non-slum) did not significantly influence the occurrence of unintended pregnancies. These findings underscore the persistent challenges faced by women in slum areas regarding unintended pregnancies, despite improvements in contraceptive prevalence. Addressing these disparities requires targeted interventions tailored to the specific needs of urban populations, particularly those residing in slum settlements.

Self-advocacy Among Women With Uterine Malignancies.

Background: Self-advocacy plays a crucial role in the mental health and treatment outcomes of oncology patients, particularly those with uterine malignancies. Despite its significance, research on the self-advocacy levels and influencing factors among Chinese patients with uterine malignancies remains limited.Objectives: To assess the self-advocacy levels among Chinese patients with uterine malignancies and identify the demographic, psychological resilience, and decision self-efficacy factors that influence self-advocacy.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to September 1, 2023, involving 220 inpatients with uterine malignancies from three tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and completed the General Information Questionnaire, Female Cancer Survivorship Self-advocacy Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Decision Self-efficacy Scale.Results: The average self-advocacy score among participants was 59.44 ± 10.14. Significant positive correlations were found between self-advocacy, psychological resilience, and decision self-efficacy. The random forest algorithm identified decision self-efficacy, psychological resilience, family average income, type of medical insurance, educational level, and residence as the six most important influencing factors, with the optimal model performance observed when lambda (λ) = 1.191. Multiple linear regression analysis further confirmed that decision self-efficacy, psychologic resilience, family average income, educational level, and residence were significant predictors of self-advocacy.Discussion: The self-advocacy levels of Chinese patients with uterine malignancies were relatively low, with decision self-efficacy, psychological resilience, and socioeconomic factors significantly influencing their self-advocacy abilities. Future targeted interventions should focus on enhancing patients' decision self-efficacy and psychological resilience, thereby guiding them to actively respond and participate in decision-making, ultimately improving self-advocacy among patients with uterine malignancies.

Magnitude of sexual and reproductive health communication between parents and their adolescents: Evidence from Osun State, Nigeria.

This study evaluated sexual and reproductive health communication (SRHC) between dyads of parents and their in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to determine and compare the prevalence, pattern, level, triggers, and methods of SRHC between 625 parents and their in-school adolescents. Respondents were recruited using the multistage sampling technique, and data was collected using the mixed-method approach. Quantitative data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using chi-square and logistic regression tests, while the qualitative data was collected using a focus group discussion guide and analysed thematically. About 56% of parents (53% rural, 58% urban) and 69% of adolescents (68% rural, 71% urban) reported ever having SRHC. The level of SRHC was 31% for adolescents, with no significant difference by type of residence (36% rural, 33% urban, p=0.324) while for parents it was 59%, with a statistically significant difference by the type of residence (52% rural, 66% urban; p<0.01). A two times higher odds of having a good level of SRHC with their parents was observed among rural female vs. rural male adolescents (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.053 - 3.471, p = 0.033) and among urban early vs. urban late adolescents (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.215 - 4.048, p = 0.009). The odds of having a good level of SRHC were three times higher among mothers (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.409 - 8.422, P < 0.007) in urban areas compared to fathers in the same area. SRHC occurred between parents and adolescents in Osun State but with inherent disparities by location and gender. Interventions are required to improve the depth, frequency, and clarity of SRHC, particularly with topics related to experiencing sex. Parents, especially fathers, should be educated about the significance of SRHC and be provided with the skills to engage in early, effective, and sustained discussion with both male and female adolescents.

The Impact of Employment Status and Children in Households on Food Security Among Syrian Refugees Residing in Florida.

This study aims to measure food security and the levels of food insecurity among Syrian refugee households. It also aimed to determine the association between food security status and types of households including the number of employed members of the households and children in households. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were administered to 80 households of Syrian refugees residing in Florida. Participants were Syrian refugees who have resettled in Florida since 2011 and were interviewed in one-on-one 45-minute sessions. Included cities were Miami, West Palm Beach, Orlando, and Tampa. The main outcomes were food security, levels of food insecurity, the number of employed individuals in households, and the structure of households with and without children. The mean food security score was 4.7± 2.6 among participating households when a score of 3-7indicates food insecurity without hunger. There were significant differences (p = 0.02) between the levels of food insecurity in rural and urban areas. Households in rural areas experienced higher levels of food insecurity compared to households in urban areas. We found a significant relationship (p = 0.04) between food security and the number of employed individuals in households in rural areas. The logistic regression model comparing food security status in rural and urban areas showed that households in rural areas had 80.2 % less odds of being food secure than those in urban areas with the adjustment of the variable of number of employed individuals(odds ratio = 0.198; 95% CI: 0.055-0.712; p = 0.01). Another logistic regression model showed that Miami was four times and West Palm Beach was 11.8 times more likely to be food secure than Tampa when the number of employees was adjusted. Among allthe households, there were significant differences (p = 0.01) in the levels of food insecurity between households with and without children. When the typeof residence was introduced into the corresponding model, households in rural areas were 79.3% less likely to be food secure than households in urban areas(odds ratio: 0.207; CI: 0.06-0.70; p = 0.01). Another logistic regression showed that West Palm Beach had a significant positive effect (p = 0.005) on food security. Households in this city had 9.95 greater odds of being food secure than households in Tampa. The effect in Miami was marginally positive (p = 0.07) in this model. Households in Miami might have had 3.8 greater probabilities of being food secure than the households in Tampa when the variable of households with and without children was adjusted. Food insecurity was frequent among n = 64 (80.0%) of Syrian refugee households residing in Florida. Households with at least two employed individuals were more likely to experience food security than households with only one member employed. The number of employees in households may have a greater impact on food security in urban areas than in rural areas. Food insecurity was more frequent in households with children than in households without children. Adults in food-insecure households with children might have experienced greater levels of food insecurity compared to their food-insecure children.

Beyond averages: dissecting urban-rural disparities in skilled antenatal care utilization in Bangladesh - a conway-maxwell-poisson regression analysis.

Taking a sufficient number of skilled antenatal care (SANC) visits is incontrovertibly connected to safe motherhood. This study aims to shed light on the prevalence and potential factors associated with disparities in the SANC taking behavior of pregnant mothers in rural and urban Bangladesh. For this purpose, a nationally representative secondary dataset from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS, 2017-18) has been considered. The information regarding the last birth of mothers who delivered within three years preceding the survey has been analyzed. We have applied the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson regression model (CMPRM) to deal with the overdispersion in skilled ANC count data, as this model shows the least AIC compared to the classical negative-binomial regression model (NBRM) and the generalized Poisson regression model (GPRM). Significant disparity (p-value < 0.001) has been observed in the mean number of SANC taken by rural (3.17) and urban (4.52) women. The analysis revealed that covariates have significantly different effects on SANC visits in rural areas compared to urban areas. For instance, women aged 35 and above in rural settings exhibited a 37% higher incidence rate of SANC visits (IRR = 1.37) compared to those under 20. Educational attainment had a pronounced impact, with rural women showing a 39% (IRR = 1.39) increase in SANC visits for primary education, 57% (IRR = 1.57) for secondary education, and 64% (IRR = 1.64) for higher education, compared to uneducated women. In contrast, in urban areas, higher education resulted in only a 35% (IRR = 1.35) increase. Our findings from this study indicate that the concerned authority should come forward, and policymakers should emphasize various factors that are mainly responsible for the noteworthy different SANC status of pregnant women living in rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. Doing so, it can be hoped that the required number of ANC visits (eight or more) in both types of residences in Bangladesh, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), will be satisfied to ensure safer motherhood.

The Attitudes of Secondary School Students Studying in Different School Types Towards Physical Education and Sports Lessons: Comparison of Village and City

The main aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of secondary school students towards physical education and sports lessons by making comparisons according to settlement and school types. In selecting the study group, the stratified purposeful sampling method, which is a type of purposive sampling method and one of the non-random sampling methods, was adopted. The data were collected and evaluated using a personal information form and BES course attitude scale. SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the data and the significance value was accepted as .05. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the data were normally distributed and t-test was used for pairwise comparisons, Post-Hoc Tukey and One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) were used for more than two comparisons. According to the results of the research, no significant differences were found in the mean scores of the students' attitudes towards the BES course according to variables such as gender, residence in the city center or rural area, mother's occupation, father's education level, school type and place of residence. However, significant differences were found in the mean scores of the students' attitudes towards the BES course in terms of factors such as being on the school team, gym status, class levels, transportation to school, location of the school, father's occupation, mother's education level.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Who Moved, Why, and Where?

COVID-19 affected the social, economic, and spatial patterns of people’s lives. Families adjusted their places of work, where their children were educated, and their interactions with relatives and friends. The disease weakened some individuals’ and families’ attachment to their places of residence and prompted some to reconsider where to live. We examine the selectivity, reasons, and types of COVID-induced migration in the U.S. during the first year of the pandemic. Using Pew’s American Trends Panel, we find that 3 percent relocated by June 2020 because of the pandemic. One-third of movers feared infection, another quarter wished to be with family, and nearly half were guided by educational and economic considerations. By November, four out of ten were still living outside their origin community, a third dwelled elsewhere in their origin community, and a quarter had returned to their pre-COVID home. Multivariate analyses show that COVID migrants differed from ordinary migrants and from non-movers. High rates of COVID mortality in county of residence heightened the likelihood of moving. Compared with COVID migrants whose concerns were mainly educational and economic, those who feared infection tended to be younger, native-born, non-metro residents, religiously weak, and politically Republican; their counterparts who wished to be close to family were in mid-life, women, college educated, and more likely Republicans. The differences between inter-community migrants and intra-community/return migrants were limited to only a few characteristics i.e., type of residence, educational and economic attainments, and mortality rates in initial county of residence.

ColombiaTuitionSET: Labeled dataset for exploring socioeconomic status, career selection, and tuition fees at a Colombian public university.

ColombiaTuitionSET: Labeled dataset for exploring socioeconomic status, career selection, and tuition fees at a Colombian public university.

Adiposetissue.org: A knowledge portal integrating clinical and experimental data from human adipose tissue.

adiposetissue.org: A knowledge portal integrating clinical and experimental data from human adipose tissue.