Residential Solid Waste Management Research Articles

An Analysis of the Factors behind Rural Residents' Satisfaction with Residential Waste Management in Jiangxi, China.

With the increasing environmental and health problems caused by residential solid waste (RSW), upgrading waste disposal services has become a key priority in rural areas of developing countries. Waste disposal services can be improved by incorporating the end-user evaluation of the services and the infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the respondents' satisfaction with waste disposal services and infrastructure in rural China, which has not been well documented in the previous literature. For this purpose, we applied the ordered probit model on survey data of 1064 rural residents of Jiangxi, China. In two separate models, two independent variables, i.e., users' ranking of waste disposal management services and waste disposal management infrastructure, were regressed on five sets of policy, personal, social and demographic, environmental, and village characteristics of the respondents. Our results show that rural residents have relatively high satisfaction (level four out of five) with RSW services. We found a significant correlation between all five investigated characteristics (personal, social and demographic, environmental, and village characteristics) and respondents' satisfaction with RSW management. However, the correlation differs in magnitude and direction among different respondent groups, where gender, minority status, the sanitary condition of household toilets, and treatment of toilet waste at the village level have the largest influence on satisfaction. It was found that male respondents, ethnic minorities, residents with non-farming status, and respondents with more sanitary household toilets have higher satisfaction levels. Our results provide crucial references for decision-makers to effectively promote the further optimization and improvement of rural waste disposal systems in the future.

Evaluation of solid waste management operational techniques in Kebonsari Urban Village, Citangkil sub-district, Cilegon City

The increase of population is equal to the increase of solid waste generation. Domestic solid waste generation that is not managed properly will cause problems. Solid waste management in Kebonsari Urban Village, Citangkil Sub-District, Cilegon City still uses the old paradigm (collect-transport-dispose) and low service level. This study aims to evaluate solid waste management activities from storage, collection, and transportation to the final disposal. This study used the method of field observation to analysis current service coverage and compare operational technical conditions in Kebonsari Urban Village with SNI 19-2454-2002 of Operational Techniques of Municipal Solid Waste Management. Data analysis was performed by calculating based on SNI 3242-2008 Residential Solid Waste Management. The results showed that only 41% of the population of Kebonsari Urban Village were served, this was due to the fact that there were still many people who did not put garbage in their bin and solid waste operational techniques in Kebonsari Urban Village were still not entirely applying SNI 19-2454-2002 one of them is shown by the low participation of the community in solid waste management. The average of solid waste generation in Kebonsari Urban Village are 0.71 l/person/day or 0.12 kg/person/day and the solid waste composition are 60.2% organic and 39.8 inorganic.

A system dynamics-based scenario analysis of residential solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya

The problem of solid waste management presents an issue of increasing importance in many low-income settings, including the progressively urbanised context of Kenya. Kisumu County is one such setting with an estimated 500 t of waste generated per day and with less than half of it regularly collected. The open burning and natural decay of solid waste is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and atmospheric pollutants with adverse health consequences. In this paper, we use system dynamics modelling to investigate the expected impact on GHG and PM2.5 emissions of (i) a waste-to-biogas initiative and (ii) a regulatory ban on the open burning of waste in landfill. We use life tables to estimate the impact on mortality of the reduction in PM2.5 exposure. Our results indicate that combining these two interventions can generate over 1.1 million tonnes of cumulative savings in GHG emissions by 2035, of which the largest contribution (42%) results from the biogas produced replacing unclean fuels in household cooking. Combining the two interventions is expected to reduce PM2.5 emissions from the waste and residential sectors by over 30% compared to our baseline scenario by 2035, resulting in at least around 1150 cumulative life years saved over 2021–2035. The contribution and novelty of this study lies in the quantification of a potential waste-to-biogas scenario and its environmental and health impact in Kisumu for the first time.

English

Waste management authorities have adopted different strategies at different times in managing waste in Nigeria. In spite of the various efforts put in place, municipal solid waste remains one of the most conspicuous and repugnant environmental problems that threaten the Nigerian city. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in residential solid waste management in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from the Oyo State Solid Waste Management Authority (OYOWMA). Findings revealed that the commonly-generated wastes were organic wastes and there existed a mismatch between waste generation and collection. Between 2012 and 2015, city waste managers collected and transported 2,411,145.78 metric tonnes of waste to the four dumpsites in Ibadan. The dumpsites’ locations were sub-optimal, surrounded by sprawling neighbourhoods due to inadequacy in urban planning and enforcement of development control. This has adverse effects on the well-being of residents. Municipal solid waste management is capital-intensive and the decline in budgetary allocations to waste management necessitated the PPP user-charges arrangement. This intervention notwithstanding, indiscriminate dumping of wastes continued to be cheap means of disposing of solid wastes, with implications for drainage system and flooding. Waste sorting, recycling and conversion should be given adequate consideration and the informal waste managers should be mainstreamed into the urban waste management architecture.    Key words: Private waste contractors, Oyo State Solid Waste Management Authority, residential solid waste, informal waste collectors, dumpsite, Ibadan. &nbsp

Household's Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management in Gulelle Sub City, Addis Ababa

This study was conducted to assess households willingness to pay (WTP) for improved solid waste management (SWM). Contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed to elicit household's WTP for the proposed improvement in solid waste management service. The data from CVM survey was analyzed by using logistic regression model. The results of the study revealed that largest proportion of households had awareness of inappropriate disposal of wastes and its problems and that they were (78%) ready to pay for the wastes they generate. Furthermore, we found that significant number of the respondents (76 %) were willing to supports proposed improvement in residential solid waste management. Mean monthly willingness to pay is 21 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) with a minimum of 5 ETB and the maximum of 100 ETB, while the rest of the respondents were not willing to contribute. The results of logit regression analysis showed that sex and household size were statistically significant at 5% and 1% respectively. Therefore, the concerned body (municipality, NGO or other voluntary group) should take their part in raising the awareness and perceptions of households on waste management and thus, to improve their willingness to pay for improved SWM.

Determinants of Rural Residential Solid Waste Collection Services in Lagos State

In the wake of increased investment in and new policies regarding Residential Solid Waste Management (RSWM) in Lagos state and the attendant consequence of inefficiencies currently observed with the system, this study describe the state and determinants of waste management services in rural Lagos State. A well-structured questionnaire, which consist of two sections, was used to elicit demographic and residential solid waste collection information from 200 household heads sampled using the multi-stage sampling in 3 Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs). Data were analysed using both descriptive and Dprobit, an advanced probit logistic model. Results show that the mean and standard deviation for whether a ward/neighborhood has RSW collector was 0.23 and 0.42. Similarly, mean and standard deviation for Private Sector Participation (PSP) operator employing RSWC workers was 0.22 and 0.41. Among demographic and residential solid waste collection characteristics, income, population, PSP charges or rates and distance to dump site are found to be determinants of RSWC services in rural areas of Lagos state. The analysis shows that a one thousand increase in Mean income would increase the possibility of providing waste Transportation services by 0.20 percent and the possibility of employing waste workers by only 0.17 percent. Conversely, a one Kilometre increase in distance to dumpsite would reduce the possibility of PSP operator acquiring a compactor. Government incentivisation of rural residential solid waste collection would go a long way to eliminate poor RSWC in rural areas of Lagos State.

Improvement of solid waste management: Organizational and technological aspects

The paper reveals the existing problems in of solid domestic waste recycling in the developed western countries and in Russia. A direct pattern is shown: the more country developed, the more waste it processes (later wastes are reused) and composts. It is established that the existing system of solid domestic waste circulation in Russia is based on their collection and transporting for disposal in landfills and dumps. Using ineffective ways of residential solid waste disposal leads to a rapid filling of landfills, even in spite of small volumes of incoming wastes and significant areas allocated for their disposal. Taking into account the specifics of a curtain territory, the structural and technological recommendations for improving residential solid waste management in the region based on of the method of complex processing of residential solid waste are proposed.

Determinants of Residential Solid Waste Management Services Provision: A Village-Level Analysis in Rural China

Providing residential solid waste collection (RSWC) services is the first and most indispensable part of residential solid waste management and is crucial for rural environment protection. This paper seeks to analyze the determinants of RSWC services’ provision at the village level, based on a latest survey data set of 150 villages in the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone (PLEEZ) in Jiangxi Province. Using a Probit regression model and a Bivariate Probit regression model, our results indicated that: (1) The provision of RSWC services is not evenly distributed and richer villages have more RSWC services; (2) A showcasing phenomenon exists in the provision of RSWC services. Villages that are more populous, nearer to the township government, and located in the new countryside and old liberated areas saw an increase in the provision of RSWC facilities, services that will more easily showcase village leaders’ political achievement, while the provision of RSWC workers and both RSWC facilities and workers, services that will less easily showcase village leaders’ political achievement, do not increase in these villages; (3) Informal governance characteristics, such as the ratio of largest family clans, whether village leaders come from the village’s largest family clans, and the number of people working in the upper-level government have strong predictive power over the provision of RSWC services, while formal governance characteristics, such as elections, do not matter in RSWC services’ provision.

The Practice, Challenges and Awareness of Residential Solid Waste Management in the City of Al –Marj, Libya

The Practice, Challenges and Awareness of Residential Solid Waste Management in the City of Al –Marj, Libya

The Practice, Challenges and Awareness of Residential Solid Waste Management in the City of Al –Marj, Libya

Solid waste management (SWM) in urban cities has always been a challenge to municipalities. Piles of garbage are seen on the roads and suburbs of highly populated neighbourhoods in the city of Al Marj, Libya. This study aimed at identifying the factors and barriers which influence solid waste management (SWM) in the city of Al Marj, Libya. The data was collected via a questionnaire survey and interview sessions with the residents of the city. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed randomly; only 482 of these were filled up and returned. The results showed that the city of Al-Marj has a profound solid waste management and awareness problems that must be tackled immediately. The local authorities in charge of the SWM seemed to lack experience as well as facilities required for proper solid waste management. The residents also showed lack of awareness on recycling solid waste, however, they agreed to its importance. The over finding of the study indicated that numerous factors led to the solid waste management problem in the city of Al Marj, Libya.

Методологические аспекты управления сферой обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами

Методологические аспекты управления сферой обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами

A copula-based chance-constrained waste management planning method: An application to the city of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a copula-based chance-constrained waste management planning (CCWMP) method. The method can effectively reflect the interactions between random parameters of the waste management planning systems, and thus can help analyze the influences of their interactions on the entire systems. In particular, a joint distribution function is established using preestimated marginal distributions of random variables and an optimal copula selected from widely used Gaussian, Student’s t, Clayton, Frank, Gumbel, and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copulas. Then a set of joint probabilistic constraints in the chance-constrained programming problems is converted into individual probabilistic constraints using the joint distribution function. Further, this method is applied to residential solid waste management in the city of Regina in Canada for demonstrating its applicability. Nine scenarios based on different joint and marginal probability levels are considered within a multiperiod and multizone context to effectively reflect dynamic, uncertain, and interactive characteristics of the solid waste management systems in the city. The results provide many decision alternatives under these scenarios, including cost-effective and environmentally friendly decision schemes. Moreover, the results indicate that even though the effect of the joint probability levels on the system costs is more significant than that of the marginal probability levels, the effect of marginal probability levels is notable, and there exists a trade-off between the total system cost and the constraint-violation risk. Therefore, the results obtained from the present study would be useful to support the city’s long-term solid waste management planning and formulate local policies and regulation concerning the city’s waste generation and management.Implications: The CCWMP method not only can solve chance-constrained problems with unknown probability distributions of random variables in the right-hand sides of constraints, but also can effectively reflect the interactions between the random parameters and thus help analyze the influences of their interactions on the entire systems. The results obtained through applying this method to the city of Regina in Canada can provide many decision alternatives under different joint probability levels and marginal probability levels, and would be useful to support the city’s long-term solid waste management planning.

Community activities in residential solid waste reduction in Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City, Indonesia

The main source of municipal solid waste in Indonesia is residential area. The Indonesian Government Regulation No. 81/2012 concerning Residential Solid Waste (RSW) Management and Similar Types of Solid Waste stipulates that every generator is obliged to perform separation and treatment. This study was aimed to determine RSW generation rate, reduction potential, and reduction activities by the community in Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City. The RSW generation rate and composition were measured according to ASTM D5231-92 method. RSW reduction potential was determined based on weight percentage of recyclable RSW components. This study involved 100 householders, who were selected using stratified random approach based on the economical strata. This study resulted in RSW generation rate of 0.29 kg/person day, or a total of 16.84 tons/day. The RSW composition was dominated by biodegradable organics of 74.43 %, followed by plastic and paper waste materials. Estimated RSW reduction potential was 67.92 %. The RSW separation was only done by 37 % of respondents. Main reasons of the respondents for not implementing RSW separation were inavailability of time, laziness, and no use. Composting activity was conducted by 17 % respondents. This research further provides a recommendation for improving community participation in RSW reduction.

The role of non-governmental organizations in residential solid waste management: a case study of Puducherry, a coastal city of India.

Poorly planned and uncontrolled urbanization in India has caused a variety of negative, often irreversible, environmental impacts. The impacts appear to be unavoidable and not easily mitigable due to the mounting public health problems caused by non-segregation of solid wastes at source and their subsequent improper management. Recently in India, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other civil society organizations have increasingly started to get involved in improving waste management services. Municipal solid waste management being a governmental function, the contribution of NGOs in this field has not been well documented. This study highlights the activities and services of Shuddham, an NGO functioning in the town of Puducherry within the Union Territory of Puducherry in South India. The NGO program promoted much needed awareness and education, encouraged source separation, enhanced door-to-door collection, utilized wastes as raw materials and generated more job opportunities. Even though source separation prior to door-to-door collection is a relatively new concept, a significant percentage of residents (39%) in the study area participated fully, while a further 48% participated in the collection service. The average amount of municipal solid waste generated by residential units in the Raj Bhavan ward was 8582 kg/month of which 47% was recovered through active recycling and composting practices. The study describes the features and performance of NGO-mediated solid waste management, and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of this system to see whether this model can sustainably replace the low-performance conventional solid waste management in practice in the town of Puducherry. The experiences from this case study are expected to provide broad guidelines to better understand the role of NGOs and their contributions towards sustainable waste management practices in urban areas.

A life cycle assessment of residential waste management and prevention

The oft-cited waste hierarchy is considered an important rule of thumb to identify preferential waste management options and places waste prevention at the top. Nevertheless, it has been claimed that waste prevention can sometimes be less favorable than recycling because (1) recycling decreases only the primary production of materials, whereas waste prevention may reduce a combination of both primary and low-impact secondary production, and (2) waste prevention decreases the quantity of material recycled downstream and the avoided impacts associated with recycling. In response to this claim, this study evaluates the life cycle effects of waste prevention activities (WPAs) on a residential waste management system. This life cycle assessment (LCA) contrasts the net impacts of a large residential solid waste management system (including sanitary landfilling, anaerobic digestion, composting, and recycling) with a system that incorporates five WPAs, implemented at plausible levels (preventing a total of 3.6 % of waste generation tonnage) without diminishing product service consumption. WPAs addressed in this LCA reduce the collected tonnage of addressed advertising mail, disposable plastic shopping bags, newspapers, wine and spirit packaging, and yard waste (grass). In all cases, the WPAs reduce the net midpoint and endpoint level impacts of the residential waste management system. If WPAs are incorporated, the lower impacts from waste collection, transportation, sorting, and disposal as well as from the avoided upstream production of goods, more than compensate for the diminished net benefits associated with recycling and the displaced electricity from landfill gas utilization. The results substantiate the uppermost placement of waste prevention within the waste hierarchy. Moreover, further environmental benefits from waste prevention can be realized by targeting WPAs at goods that will be landfilled and at those with low recycled content.

Willingness to pay for improved residential waste management in a developing country

In most developing countries policies and frameworks that govern solid waste management strategies have often been directed at the waste management service providers and less attention is often given to the demand side of the problem. This paper reports a study regarding householders’ willingness to pay for improved residential solid waste management. The data for the study originated from a contingent valuation survey that was conducted in 236 households in Ilorin city in Kwara State, Nigeria. A binary logit model was used to account for some factors influencing the respondents’ willingness to pay. The results show that more than 80 % of the respondents were in support of the residential waste management. The respondents were willing to pay an average of 3,660 Nigerian Naira (US $24) each year. Income, education, dwelling type and whether the respondent is satisfied with private sector participation in provision of waste management service positively influenced the respondents’ willingness to pay. The price, gender, household size and activities of sanitary inspectors had negative influence. The findings from this study could contribute to the knowledge regarding the design of a more sustainable residential waste management strategy in Nigeria and other countries that have similar conditions.

Local quantification and characterisation represents a basic tool for integrated residential solid waste management

A sampling and characterisation plan for residential solid waste (SW) produced in the city of Cali in Colombia was developed between January and September 2006; this required designing an undisclosed strategy in the country and the results showed the need for an adjustment to the current SW Colombian classification scheme. The available sampling frame made a two-stage sampling plan necessary, block side (BS) being the first stage and household BS the second. A 0.39 kg/(person-day) solid waste per-capita production (PCP) was found, which increased with socioeconomic status. Food waste was produced most, a large part consisting of cooked food. Waste from personal hygiene items was a third category, although this is not currently a category which is included in Colombian Technical Standard –RAS 2000. Although characterisation techniques are used worldwide, the results showed the relevance of available sampling frame-based local characterisation, using local data for sampling methods and associated sample size selection.

A review of residential solid waste management in the occupied Palestinian Territory: a window for improvement?

Solid waste is considered an urgent environmental health issue in the Palestinian Territory. The aim of this paper was to analyse the current status of residential solid waste (RSW) management in the Palestinian Territory, with the objective of identifying windows for improvement. The study is based on a national household sample survey in the Palestinian Territory, which was conducted by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). The results of this study revealed various interesting trends. For example, while about 90% of households in the Palestinian Territory receive solid waste collection service, about 50% of the households receive this service three times per week or less, leaving a chance for waste pile-up and litter generation. Organic waste (including food waste) was found to account for more than 90% of RSW, providing an opportunity for waste utilization through composting or biogas generation. Additional efforts are required, and some were suggested in this paper, in order to improve the current situation of Palestinian residential solid waste management.

Solid Waste Crisis in Nigeria – A Case Study of the Constraint to Effective Private Sector Participation (PSP) on Solid Waste Management in Lagos Metropolis

Among the multitude of problems existing in the fast urbanizing towns and cities in Nigeria, Solid waste appears to be the most prominent in recent years. Solid waste is seen in huge heaps on any piece of unused land, around buildings and in the open market places. Living with solid waste littered around appears to be an acceptable way of life among the people in most cities in Nigeria in recent years. The work reported in this paper involves a preliminary study of residential solid waste management in the Lagos metropolis in Nigeria. A site-specific study was carried out to estimate the quantity of residential solid waste generation, disposal and management in the metropolis. Structured questionnaires were applied to collect primary information such as size of households, income, Educational level etc. from households. The results obtained indicated that the problem of insufficient available data, insufficient funding, poor understanding of solid waste management by the PSP operators and poor publics attitude are the causes of solid waste crisis in Nigeria. Proposal on strategies for the improvement of the effectiveness of the PSP operators in Lagos metropolis has been presented.

Provision of Residential Solid Waste Management Service in Rural China

AbstractDrawing on a dataset covering a large number of randomly sampled villages across China, the present paper examines the issue of residential solid waste management service provision in rural China. Using a logistic model we evaluate the impacts of different factors on service provision at the village level with regard to residential solid waste disposal. These factors include the environmental pressures caused by residential solid waste generation, the financial capacity of the Villagers' Committee, village elections and the individual characteristics of village heads. We find that living density, village per capita income, the ratio of irrigated land, and the per capita profit submitted by village enterprises to the Villagers' Committee all have positive impacts on service provision. Moreover, village heads who are popularly elected by villagers are more likely to provide services that satisfy voters' demands.