Towards resilient and low-carbon cities: Feasibility of grid-connected PV-based electric vehicle charging infrastructure for high-rise apartments in Korea

Thermal stress in hot–humid urban environments constitutes a persistent sustainability challenge, driven by the interaction of extreme temperatures, high atmospheric moisture, and heat-retaining urban surfaces, which collectively intensify outdoor discomfort and increase cooling-energy demand. Within this context, soft landscape systems have gained recognition as nature-based solutions capable of moderating microclimates and enhancing residential livability; however, their systematic prioritization based on integrated sustainability performance remains insufficiently addressed, particularly in Gulf-region residential developments. This study proposes a sustainability-oriented decision-support framework that evaluates and prioritizes soft landscape strategies for thermal comfort enhancement using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the core analytical method. Expert judgments were elicited and structured across five sustainability-driven criteria—shading effectiveness, evapotranspiration potential, airflow facilitation, aesthetic–psychological comfort, and implementation and maintenance cost—and applied to five soft landscape alternatives. To verify the physical plausibility of the expert-derived prioritization, microclimate simulations were conducted using ENVI-met under extreme summer conditions, representing the hottest day of the year, at key diurnal intervals. The results reveal a clear dominance of shading-based mechanisms, with tree canopy systems emerging as the most effective and sustainable intervention due to their superior radiative control, ecological cooling capacity, and perceptual benefits. Simulation outputs confirm that canopy-driven strategies achieve the most substantial reductions in mean radiant temperature during peak thermal stress, while surface-based interventions provide secondary benefits primarily related to diurnal heat dissipation. At peak thermal stress (14:00), Scenario 2 reduced mean radiant temperature (MRT) from 71.69 °C to 54.23 °C (≈24% reduction) and PMV from 7.33 to 5.70 (≈22% reduction) relative to existing conditions. By integrating expert-based multi-criteria evaluation with simulation-based thermal verification, the study advances a robust and transferable framework for climate-responsive residential landscape planning. The findings reposition soft landscape systems as essential climatic infrastructure, offering actionable guidance for enhancing thermal resilience, reducing cooling-energy dependence, and supporting sustainable residential development in hot–humid regions.

Understanding Mosquito Burdens through an Urban Political Ecology of Singapore’s Residential Landscapes

Untreated wastewater represents a major source of groundwater contamination in urban contexts with inadequate sanitation strategies. Identifying the origins and subsurface pathways of this contamination is essential for effective groundwater management, yet it remains challenging in environments influenced by multiple anthropogenic inputs. Although nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-) are commonly used to trace contamination sources, they have their own limitations for distinguishing overlapping isotopic signatures, including those of wastewater and manure, or a mixture of untreated and treated wastewater inputs. A multi-tracer approach combining hydrogeochemical, isotopic and organic tools were used to accurately delineate wastewater impacts in mixed urban/peri-urban environments. Increasing nitrate concentrations in urban environments were attributed to an active anthropogenic stress, arising from population growth and widespread use of rudimentary on-site sanitation systems (soak-pits). Nitrate isotopes preliminarily confirmed that septic waste as the main source of pollution, but were unable to differentiate untreated wastewater inputs. In peri-urban settings, the potential interaction of domestic and agricultural influences in a heterogeneous residential landscape further complicated the interpretation of contamination processes. A strong correlation of acesulfame concentrations, a nearly ideal wastewater co-tracer, with those of labile and ubiquitous markers (saccharin, cotinine) indicated widespread contamination by recent untreated wastewater. The occurrence of non-ubiquitous pharmaceuticals confirmed the punctual impact of on-site sanitation systems. The sporadic detection of acesulfame in peri-urban areas underlines their vulnerability to man-made influences. The complementarity of nitrate isotopes and organic contaminants has significantly improved our ability to accurately identify the sources and timing of untreated wastewater inputs.

Gentrification in Somolu, Lagos, has significantly transformed the urban environment, reshaping housing affordability, demographic composition, economic activities and social interactions. This study examines the socioeconomic implications of gentrification in areas such as Bajulaiye, Pedro, Akoka, and Bariga, where noticeable changes in residential and commercial landscapes have emerged. The study employed the multistage sampling technique. The population was divided into two clusters of medium- and highdensity areas, and then subdivided into different strata consisting of stakeholders relevant to the study. Using Yamane’s formula, the researchers sampled 411 respondents. Focus group discussions were also done as a means to enrich the qualitative data. Using factor analysis, regression analysis and correlation analysis, the researchers identified key drivers of gentrification, such as rising rental rates, shifts in ethnic composition, demographic changes, and increasing property values. The findings reveal that while gentrification has led to improved infrastructure, increased business activities and enhanced public services, it has also resulted in significant displacement of long-term residents due to escalating housing costs and changes in neighbourhood dynamics. Regression analysis indicates that demographic shifts, expansion of public services and rising rental rates significantly influence length of stay in the area, with an R Square value of 0.255, suggesting that these variables explain 25.5% of the variance in residential stability. Similarly, the model for property value increase revealed that factors such as changes in tenurial status, professional occupation and shifts in ethnic composition explain 30.3% of the variance in property appreciation, highlighting the role of economic restructuring in shaping the real estate market. Correlation analysis further established significant associations between gentrification and housing affordability (r = 0.133, p = .007), age group and length of stay (r = -0.200, p = .001), as well as community improvement actions and resident displacement (r = -0.173, p = .001), demonstrating the socioeconomic complexities of urban renewal in Somolu. The study recommends policy interventions such as rent control measures, community land trusts and affordable housing programmes to protect vulnerable residents from displacement. Additionally, targeted investment in infrastructure development should be balanced with social inclusion initiatives to ensure equitable growth. Support for local businesses, particularly in Pedro and Bajulaiye, will help sustain indigenous economic activities, while cultural preservation programmes in Bariga can mitigate the erosion of long-standing community traditions. By addressing these concerns, urban planning authorities can foster a more inclusive and sustainable development framework, ensuring that the benefits of gentrification are equitably distributed across all social groups in Somolu.

This paper provides a comparative evaluation of the environmental and cultural roles in residential forms in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, focusing on the conflict between the traditional low-density "Mahalla" residential areas and modern high-density buildings. As Tashkent rapidly urbanizes vertically, assessing the trade-offs between social cohesion and ecological resilience is crucial for sustainable urban governance. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative metrics, such as Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), collected using remote sensors, and qualitative surveys on social interaction frequency and heritage preservation. The findings reveal clear differences in the performance of the two types of development. Low-density neighborhoods sustain 15-20% higher NDVI levels than high-rise districts, which helps alleviate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect through personal gardens and mature trees. In contrast, high-density developments exhibit 30% higher land-use efficiency, providing a viable model for controlling urban sprawl. Culturally, the transition to high-density living results in a 25% reduction in neighborly cohesion compared to the Mahallas. While modern complexes offer better infrastructure, the traditional Mahalla remains key to preserving cultural heritage and social support systems in Tashkent. The research highlights a sustainability paradox in Tashkent's urban planning: increasing land efficiency often leads to a loss of cultural identity and disruption of microclimate cooling. This paper advocates for the Hybrid Urbanism approach, which proposes incorporating green corridors in high-density areas and modernizing low-density Mahalla infrastructures. This balanced strategy is essential for developing a residential landscape that is both ecologically sustainable and culturally sensitive.

As landscape architecture shifts toward evidence-based practices, the Landscape Architecture Foundation (LAF)’s Case Study Investigation (CSI) initiative has been instrumental in driving the growth of Landscape Performance Evaluation (LPE) and enhancing disciplinary rigour. This paper reflects on our CSI case study, evaluating Te Whāriki, a master-planned residential landscape in New Zealand. We adopt a methodological reflexivity approach, critically examining the challenges faced and insights gained during the evaluation, providing a comprehensive reflection on the current practical challenges and potential future research directions in the field of LPE. This research reflects upon the methodological reliability of LPE approaches, challenging stereotypes surrounding “measured” and “estimated” methods. Our study emphasises the importance of improving input data quality, explores the trade-off between accuracy and cost, and introduces the concept of a universal currency for landscape benefits. By offering our reflections, this paper aims to stimulate further conversations and catalyse ongoing iterations in the evaluation framework and methodological exploration within this evolving field.

Urban population growth has driven increased demand for residential development, particularly in the form of integrated townships on the city outskirts. These large-scale, self-contained residential areas offer significant potential for advancing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the integration of ESG and SDG frameworks at the micro-scale of residential landscape management remains underexplored. This study conducts a systematic qualitative literature review of academic publications, institutional reports (e.g., UN-Habitat, GRI, EBA), and case studies from 2010–2024. Using thematic coding and matrix mapping, the review identifies key alignments between ESG components and specific SDGs. Environmental aspects (e.g., green infrastructure, biodiversity) align with SDGs 6, 11, 13, and 15; social themes (e.g., inclusive access, well-being) support SDGs 3 and 11; and governance practices (e.g., stakeholder participation and local leadership) relate to SDGs 16 and 17. Findings highlight a significant gap in frameworks that connect ESG and SDG agendas at the residential scale. In response, this study proposes a conceptual matrix linking ESG principles to SDG targets through themes such as water management, inclusion, and institutional transparency. The matrix serves as a strategic tool for planners, developers, and policymakers to guide sustainable, inclusive, and accountable residential landscape practices.

Over the past three decades tourism geographers have engaged increasingly with issues of urban tourism and overtourism. The mass of urban tourism scholarship and writings about overtourism concerns cities in the Global North. The novel contribution of this study is documenting evidence of emergent overtourism and the rise of resident discontent in the context of a major urban tourism destination in the Global South, namely Cape Town. The case study scrutinized is of tourism impacts and stakeholder perspectives of the historic inner-city neighbourhood of Bo-Kaap where 22 detailed stakeholder interviews were conducted. The Bo-Kaap manifests the hallmarks of overtourism as documented in several European cities. Touristification is modifying the local residential and business landscape for tourist consumption with the consequence that residents of the neighbourhood are alienated as the space becomes difficult to live in. The findings reveal significant levels of anti-tourist sentiment in the Bo-Kaap which stem from concerns about the local nuisances of tourism expansion and perceived lack of benefits for the neighbourhood. Arguably, critical policy and management challenges confront the City of Cape Town in respect of current directions of tourism development in the Bo-Kaap neighbourhood.

Open spaces in housing estates are crucial for residents’ physical and mental well-being, especially when access to other public spaces is restricted (e.g., during a pandemic). While existing studies focus on public spaces, less is known about how residential landscapes, particularly in gated estates, influence outdoor activities. This study investigates the spatial logic behind the distribution of standing, sitting and social interaction within six pairs of gated and non-gated housing estates in Wuhan. Using space syntax analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression, we explore how the spatial configuration influences the incidence of outdoor activities in gated and non-gated estates. The findings suggest that spatial attributes not only significantly explain where activities occurred but also where they did not. More importantly, we found distinct differences between the two types: non-gated estates were more responsive to design, with more spatial factors significantly predicting activities simultaneously, whereas in gated compounds, only a few factors had a significant impact. Critical factors of outdoor activities include seating provision, convex area, perimeter enclosure, and spatial accessibility. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of spatial dynamics in residential environments and provide practical insights for urban design and residential planning.

Purpose Impervious surfaces have emerged as a critical indicator for assessing the impacts of urbanization on water resources, with recent flood events in New Zealand (NZ) highlighting their significance in urban water management. While traditional stormwater control measures rely on total impervious area calculations, this study examines the effectiveness of impervious area reduction techniques in residential areas across NZ, with particular attention to implementation challenges and policy frameworks. Design/methodology/approach The research conducts through semi-structured interviews with 18 experts, including government officials, consultants and developers. This qualitative approach allows for an in-depth exploration of various perspectives on urban water management strategies and their effectiveness. Findings The study reveals several key findings: (1) current strategies exhibit varying effectiveness depending on scale, with catchment-level solutions being more successful than site-specific interventions, (2) significant challenges to implementation exist, such as resource constraints, limited monitoring capabilities and coordination issues among stakeholders and (3) there is a need for stronger national-level guidance and better integration in regulatory frameworks between district and regional plans. Originality/value This research contributes to the existing knowledge on urban flood resilience by identifying promising opportunities for improvement in urban water management practices in New Zealand. It emphasizes the importance of enhanced public education, innovative technical solutions and market-based incentives as practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners.

The ever-increasing wildfire risk in California is putting an unprecedented burden on the markets for homeowner’s insurance and the patterns of house development, particularly in the wild land–urban interface. Insurers are increasing rates, demanding nonrenewal, or withdrawing from high-risk areas altogether, which forces many homes onto the expensive FAIR Plan. This analysis reviews five recent studies that were conducted between 2018 and 2025 and provides a synthesis of their findings. Recently conducted research sheds light on the economic impact that significant wildfires place on households, with losses reaching billions of dollars in direct damages and costs that are not covered by insurance. These market signals are frequently overridden by strong housing demand and policy gaps, despite the fact that there is some evidence to show that higher insurance rates can discourage new development in areas that are prone to fire. The findings of this research indicate that wildfire-related insurance difficulties are transforming the residential landscape of California. However, the absence of integrated land-use planning and resilient insurance solutions continues to place homeowners and developers in a precarious financial position.

As a form of living cultural heritage, local residential landscapes manifest the essence of long-term, resilient human–land interactions. The Wuling Corridor, a vital ethnic and cultural passage connecting the Central Plains with Southwest China in Chinese history, serves as a crucial region for the mixed residence and cultural exchange of Tujia, Miao, Dong, Han, and other ethnic groups. Within this region, Ganlan stands as both the most representative vernacular architectural heritage and a residential form that is still extensively used, constituting a continuous and unique residential landscape. The spatial distribution patterns of Ganlan are the physical witness of the history of ethnic groups adapting to the complex topographic and cultural conditions. Current research focuses on the case description of single Ganlan forms, failing to systematically investigate the spatial formation mechanisms of Ganlan as a residential landscape from a geographical continuum perspective. Therefore, this study establishes a geographical database encompassing 9425 Ganlan samples from the Wuling Corridor. It integrates the geographic information system (GIS) with clustering algorithms to systematically identify the distribution patterns of Ganlan within specific geographic–cultural units and their coupling relationships with natural environments. It conducts quantitative analysis on the key driving factors concerning the emergence and evolution of Ganlan in the study area; the findings reveal the following: (1) Ganlan buildings exhibit a spatially aggregated distribution pattern along major water systems, demonstrating characteristics of multi-ethnic sharing and spatial interweaving. (2) Their distribution is constrained by natural geographical factors and influenced by the transmission pathways of construction techniques during ancient ethnic migrations to the southwest China. (3) Within multi-ethnic settlement structures, inter-ethnic cultural interactions (particularly with Central Plains culture) serve as a key driving force for the typological evolution of Ganlan. (4) The evolutionary lineage of “full-Ganlan,” “semi-Ganlan,” and “courtyard-style Ganlan” systematically demonstrates the dynamic adaptive capacity of local residential systems. Additionally, by integrating massive Ganlan heritage data with multiple spatial analysis methods, the study serves as a typical case study illuminating the adaptive strategies and resilience mechanisms of Ganlan as a local residential landscape formed in response to the environmental conditions and social changes. Also, it provides a scientific basis for the holistic conservation of architectural heritages shared by multiple ethnic groups and the integrated development of local cultural tourism industries.

Abstract Pasaran Island in Lampung Province is a promising coastal community ripe for development. This study explores the island’s unique features through field surveys, observations, interviews, and literature reviews. Using spatial analysis techniques, we identified opportunities and challenges for residential development. Our ArcGIS overlay analysis shows that around 12 hectares are suitable for settlement, indicating a strong potential for progress. The proposed landscape plan includes residential areas, community spaces, essential facilities, circulation routes, and green infrastructure. The primary residential zone covers 5.1 hectares, accommodating about 295 homes for approximately 1,475 residents. Additionally, 1.4 hectares are allocated for public services and 2 hectares for the marine and fisheries sectors, along with public open spaces. These insights support a flexible landscape plan designed to enhance Pasaran Island’s unique characteristics and build a thriving community.

Abstract Context Land-use change associated with urbanization is a global conservation issue. Urbanization alters the composition of biotic assemblages through the loss, gain and replacement of species; and has the potential to homogenize biotic communities within cities. An important challenge for conservation in urban environments is to identify and respond to the factors that influence compositional change, particularly at the landscape-scale. Objectives We aimed to: i) identify properties of residential landscapes that shape avian community composition; ii) test for evidence of homogenization at the landscape-scale; and iii) determine the relative influence of species loss and species turnover in the homogenization of native bird communities. Methods We surveyed birds in 30 residential landscapes (each 100 ha), stratified to represent gradients of housing cover (from 9–39%) and canopy tree cover (13–63%) in Melbourne, Australia. Results The composition of bird communities, and the relative abundance and richness of foraging guilds, showed marked variation across urbanizing landscapes, most strongly associated with housing cover, vegetation patterns, and relative abundance of an aggressive competitor, the noisy miner ( Manorina melanocephala ). There was strong evidence for homogenization of native bird communities in landscapes with high housing cover, driven primarily by differential loss of forest-dependent species. Conclusions Actions to counter biotic homogenization and retain forest-dependent bird species include maintaining large areas of (semi)natural vegetation among, and adjacent to, residential areas; and revegetating open green spaces to include native understorey cover. Enhancing education for residents about the habitat requirements of forest-dependent species is also an important step in conserving native avifauna.

Extreme summertime heat, intensified by climate change and urbanization, is the leading weather-related cause of mortality in the USA. Cities are increasingly turning to urban forests for heat mitigation, yet the complex relationship between urban ecosystem structure and cooling remains largely uninterrogated, leaving land managers uncertain about how to optimize ecosystem services and minimize disservices. This study examined hyper-local cooling mechanisms in residential landscapes in a semi-arid Colorado, USA city, using data from thirty-two front yards varying by cardinal orientation, ground cover (grass lawns vs. xeriscapes), and canopy cover (0–100 %). Using a mobile biometeorology unit, we measured mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and actual vapor pressure. We found a linear decrease in mean radiant temperature of approximately 1 °C for every 10 % increase in canopy cover at the sub-parcel scale. Xeriscapes were approximately 1.5 °C warmer in morning air temperature than grass lawns. Cardinal orientation effects were inconclusive, questioning the common assumption that trees provide the greatest cooling benefits on the west side of buildings. Findings emphasize the need for context-specific land management recommendations and offer a foundation for further research on how urban structure shapes microclimates at human-relevant scales. • Linear relationship: ∼1°C drop in mean radiant temperature per 10 % increase in yard canopy cover. • Xeriscapes show ∼1.5°C warmer morning air temperature than grass lawns. • Afternoon yard temperatures show no consistent pattern by cardinal orientation.

In the early 1960s, an affordable single-family dwelling emerged in Vancouver, and within two decades, over 10,000 were constructed, predominantly on the east side of the city. The plan-based design was tailored to the city’s lot sizes, floor square ratios, and climatic conditions, with its low slope roof and shallow foundation and, as a result, could be approved and constructed quickly. The flexible use of interior space allowed owners to put in a legal rental suite on the bottom floor as a mortgage helper, which made ownership more accessible to working-class families. Despite its popularity among homeowners, the Vancouver Special, as it was pejoratively called, was no longer approved for construction by 1984 because of fears that the residential landscape was becoming too homogenized. The fears of homogenization, the author argues, are based on the ways the Vancouver Special disrupted the embedded cultural and colonial domestic architectural norms, which reflected primarily British racial and class ideals of homeownership. By declaring the design a blight on the landscape, it overshadowed the ways in which the Vancouver Special helped solve housing issues in the city during the 1960s–1970s by increasing affordable housing stock, expanding the available rental market, particularly for families, and gently densifying urban neighbourhoods to help stem the exodus to the suburbs to find affordable housing. Recently, the maligned Vancouver Special has been claimed by local heritage lovers as part of the city’s unique architectural history, and there have been calls for a “new Vancouver Special” to solve the current housing unaffordability and rental crisis in the city, but the fears of homogenization of the residential landscape remain pointing to the unaddressed cultural and colonial norms attached to housing.

High-rise housing is being built in increasingly densely populated urban residential areas in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, detached houses are built on small, subdivided sites. In urban residential areas where detached houses are lined up, many elements related to daily life are located near roadside space and spill out onto the road. This is a distinctive modern urban residential landscape. The purpose of this study is to get closer to the reality of urban residential life. For that, we will consider the characteristics and roles of elements related to daily life that can be observed in many areas around roadside space in an urban residential area lined with detached houses, in urban living environments. This study focuses on the detached residential area of Bunkyo Ward. A field survey will be conducted to investigate the amount of elements related to daily life that can be observed from the road. In addition, we will conduct a questionnaire survey of residents in the survey area regarding their use of and awareness of the roadside space. Finally, we will investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and urban residential life from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives.

The issue of reconstructing green areas of secondary and high schools in Ukraine has become increasingly acute in recent years. The main reason is that most of the green spaces were created more than 30 years ago, and their current state is deteriorating. The existing layout of paths, playgrounds and areas for landscaping on the school grounds makes the reconstruction of the plantings of schoolyards a long and painstaking process. The research was conducted on the territory of the I.Y. Pidkopai Law Lyceum in Bezlyudivka (Kharkiv region, Ukraine). The lyceum is located on the right bank of the Studenok River, a left tributary of the Udy River (the Siverski Donets basin). The surrounding area is made up by rural residential landscape. The landforms of the study area are predominantly plains, characterized by a general slope to the east. The climate is moderately continental, with a pronounced seasonality. The educational institution was founded in August 1981. Its landscaping was carried simultaneously (i.e. more than 40 years ago). The inventory of plantings was carried out in August 2024 in accordance with the Instruction on Inventory of Green Areas in Settlements of Ukraine (2002). The key problem of the lyceum's landscaping is uneven distribution of green spaces: the western part of the lyceum's territory is characterized by a higher density of trees, while the eastern part is represented mainly by open space. A total of 390 woody plants were found on the school grounds. The species composition of the plantations is represented by thirteen species and one cultivar: Acer negundo L. (4,6 % of the total number of trees), Acerplatanoides L. (0,8 %), Betula pendula Roth. (2,6 %), Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. (0,5 %) while dominant species are Pinus sylvestris L., Populus nigra ‘Italica’ and Syringa vulgaris L.,etc. Among the life forms, the dominant group is trees (51% of all plant units), with prevalence of deciduous species. It was found that 311 woody plants (80%) are characterized with a good health state, while 10 (2%) – with a poor health state. The vast majority of trees and shrubs, namely 283 specimens (73%), are featuring high decorativeness. On the Lyceum’s territory, there is a discrepancy with the normative requirements regarding the distance from trees to buildings that is much less than stated by the current regulations. The existing flower beds are characterized by good sanitary conditions, but their decorativeness is moderate due to insufficient planting density. A significant share of the green area of the school yard is represented by lawns, the condition of which is assessed as unsatisfactory. On-site inspections of sports grounds also revealed the unsatisfactory condition of the existing lawn surface. The most important problem with such a surface is the risk of injury. A partial reconstruction of the green area of the school yard of the I.Y. Pidkopai Law Lyceum was proposed, while maintaining the functionality and planning structure and integrating it to local ecological network. Plant cultivars were selected in respect to the climatic and soil conditions of the territory.

The article discusses the topic of analyzing the current general plan of Kharkiv in the conditions of destruction and providing directions for making changes to urban planning documentation in the post-war period. The research methodology is empirical methods of observation, measurement, comparison. An analysis of the use of the city's territories is carried out - residential areas, industrial areas, landscape and recreational areas, transport infrastructure, engineering infrastructure, areas of historical development and environmental conditions. According to the results of the analysis of the city's territories and the current general plan in the conditions of destruction and provision of development directions: restoration of housing stock and critical infrastructure (destruction and damage); improvement of the resettlement system; restoration of production areas; redistribution of the territories of the city's industrial formations, with partial adjustment of their planning boundaries; improvement and development of the route network and public transport infrastructure; development of the network of a single "Green Frame" of the city and proposals for improvement; application of innovative technologies in the development of engineering infrastructure; development of detailed requirements for the planning and development of the historical center of the city and study and restoration of the city's natural systems, streamlining the systems of existing sanitary zones of industrial and communal zones, introduction of the latest technologies. When updating urban planning documentation (general plan of the city, detailed plans of territories), the need to conduct a survey of territories (including the destruction of buildings, structures and relief), surveying objects regarding prospective development, information from state, regional, city structures (programs, proposals) and investors. The need to analyze the state of development of the city territory with proposals to improve the functional zoning of the city territories, including compliance with the conditions for using the territories of sanitary and protective and security zones of the city. Areas of development of territories by functional purpose (residential, industrial, landscape and recreational, historical development), transport infrastructure and environmental conditions of the city).