Reserve Duty Research Articles

Citizens Coping as Soldiers: A Review of Deployment Stress Symptoms Among Reservists

The present study provides a summary of studies examining the prevalence of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and related symptoms among reserve personnel deployed during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. The few extant studies showed that in-theater and shortly after returning from deployment, reserve and active duty personnel had similar rates of PTSD and related symptoms. Sometime after deployment, reserve personnel reported higher rates of PTSD and related symptoms than active duty personnel. A work stress model is used to develop several possible explanations of findings, having implications for practices to reduce stress symptoms among reservists and for improving research and theory of future studies examining PTSD and related symptoms among reservists.

Damage Control: Unintended Pregnancy in the United States Military

Women's access to reproductive health care is an ongoing source of conflict in U.S. politics; however, women in the military are often overlooked in these debates. Reproductive health care, including family planning, is a fundamental component of health care for women. Unintended pregnancy carries substantial health risks and financial costs, particularly for servicewomen. Compared with their civilian counterparts, women in the military experience greater challenges in preventing unwanted pregnancy and have less access to contraceptive services and abortion. Current military policies, federal laws, and health care practices are not always consistent with evidence-based research and patient-centered care. A multidisciplinary effort on the part of military personnel, lawmakers, and health care providers is needed to eliminate these disparities. We discuss recommendations in the following categories: improving contraceptive education and adherence, expanding research, broadening access to the full range of contraceptive options including emergency contraception, and ensuring access to safe abortion.

Trust or Profit: An Examination of Whether Military Officers May Serve as Members of Congress or Presidential Electors

This paper examines the ability of reserve and active duty military officers to serve in certain political offices, such as Congress and the Electoral College. The seminal case on this issue, U.S. v. Lane, dealt with a U.S. senator who served as a reserve military judge. In deciding the case, the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces only stated that a member of Congress may not also serve as a judge, but did not reach the ultimate issue of concurrent military service. This paper will attempt to show in exactly which political offices military officers may serve. In making its determinations, this paper examines the Constitution, case law, statutes, legislative history, and federal regulations.

Imagined Masculinity: Body, Sexuality, and Family among Israeli Military Reserves

This article explores how middle‐class Jewish men on reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces form a “proper” masculinity through humor and jokes. Reserve service creates a fruitful territory for researching four issues that have not been extensively studied in the literature on masculinities: the relation between gender and age, the periodic reaffirmation of masculinity along the life course, how women are perceived as sexual objects and how informal social pressure is placed on singles to marry and begin families, and how men not only are motivated by homophobia but use images of women and homosexuals to map and interpret power relations and competition between men.

The Psychoanalysis of Zionism

Unlike the authors of these two books, was born in Israel and, as part of my Zionist upbringing, lived for twenty-five years on a kibbutz in the desert of southern Israel. This meant that I, among many others, served in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), first in combat, during the 1967 and 1973 wars, later as a psychologist, from 1975 to 1976, and finally in reserve duty. In December 1987, when the First Intifada broke out, was on duty as the psychologist of the southern region of the IDF in the reserves, and was supposed to be recruited only in emergency situations. was on leave from teaching at the university and was spending my time writing about my interviews with descendants of Nazi perpetrators in Germany (Bar-On 1989). More specifically, felt as if were being torn apart, wrestling with the question of whether should continue to write about the legacy of the Holocaust from the perspective of the descendants of the survivors and the perpetrators, or whether should attempt to contribute within the realm of the newly evolving catastrophe raging in the country. Indeed, was spending every evening watching televised footage of Israeli soldiers responding with violence to Palestinian protesters in the West Bank and Gaza. called my colleague, Professor Charlie Greenbaum from the Hebrew University, who had the equivalent military role in the central region. Together we approached our IDF commander, asking if the situation constituted an emergency and whether or not we should be recruited. His response was quite typical for those days of confusion: I do not know. So

‘Hungry, Weary and Horny’: Joking and Jesting among Israel's Combat Reserves

The aphorism used as the title of this article – ‘hungry, weary and horny’ – is frequently employed by Israeli soldiers to characterize their experience upon entering reserve duty. In its comic ton...

And If I Perish

Authors’ affiliations: Dr Monahan is a retired psychologist who served in the Women’s Army Corps, 1961–1967, as a corpsman and psychiatric technician in the United States and Japan. Ms Neidel-Greenlee, now retired, was a Quality Management Analyst and former Assistant Chief of Nursing Service at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and served in the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps on active duty 1962–1965 and reserve duty 1989–1991. They are the authors of All This Hell: U.S. Nurses Imprisoned by the Japanese (2000) and (with Agnes Jensen Mangerich) Albanian Escape: The True Story of U.S. Army Nurses Behind Enemy Lines (1999). Corresponding author: Ms Neidel-Greenlee, P.O. Box 19114, Atlanta, GA 31119 ([email protected]). This article is being published simultaneously in the November/December 2004 issue of Nurse Educator. From AND IF I PERISH by Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee, copyright ©2003 by Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee. Adapted and reprinted with permission from Alfred A. Knopf and recently published in trade paperback by Anchor Books.

And If I Perish

Authors’ Affiliations: Dr Monahan is a retired psychologist who served in the Women’s Army Corps, 1961–1967, as a corpsman and psychiatric technician in the United States and Japan. Ms Neidel-Greenlee, now retired, was a Quality Management Analyst and former Assistant Chief of Nursing Service at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and served in the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps on active duty 1962–1965 and reserve duty 1989–1991. They are the authors of All This Hell: U.S. Nurses Imprisoned by the Japanese (2000) and (with Agnes Jensen Mangerich) Albanian Escape: The True Story of U.S. Army Nurses Behind Enemy Lines (1999). Corresponding Author: Ms Neidel-Greenlee, PO Box 19114, Atlanta, GA 31119 ([email protected]). This article is being published simultaneously in the November 2004 issue of JONA. From AND IF I PERISH by Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee, copyright ©2003 by Evelyn M. Monahan and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee. Adapted and reprinted with permission from Alfred A. Knopf and recently published in trade paperback by Anchor Books.

The Impact of Deployment on the Retention of Military Reservists

Since Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS/S), the reserve forces have participated in almost every large foreign deployment. Understanding how mobilizations and deployments of reservists affect their attitudes and those of their families and employers is important because of the potential effects on retention and future recruiting. This article examines retention of enlisted reservists three years after Operation Desert Storm, using a rich array of data available from the 1991 Guard/Reserve Survey of Officers and Enlisted Personnel. Overall, there is little difference between the retention of mobilized and nonmobilized reservists. The most important factors in retention are satisfaction with reserve duty and spouses' attitudes toward reserve participation. Among the mobilized, a statistical model shows no difference in the probability of retention, regardless of economic loss. However, these conclusions may not extend to deployments that are less popular and more frequent, such as those experienced by the reserve components in recent years.

Cytogenetic analysis using telemedicine consultation: An improved means of providing expert cross-coverage

PurposeWe used telemedicine in providing cross-coverage for a clinical cytogenetics laboratory. A genetic teleconsultation system was used to provide expert cross-coverage for a laboratory in a neighboring metropolitan region for a 6 month period while the usual provider of these services was on military reserve duty. MethodsThe teleconsultation system was a commercially available Perceptive Scientific Instruments (PSI) workstation. Five hundred thirty-nine cytogenetic cases were performed during the study period in the home laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland. ResultsKaryotypes and supporting metaphase spreads were transmitted by modem to the covering director, whereas work sheets and reports were faxed. Physical transfer of data was not necessary, and turn-around-time was not increased. ConclusionThis ability to employ a remote part time director has significant benefits for the laboratory with an absentee director for short or even extended periods of time. We conclude that the use of telemedicine in clinical cytogenetics proved to be an efficient and a cost effective means of providing expert genetics services to a region during a time of cross-coverage need. Genetics in Medicine, 1999:1(7): 328–331.

‘The Womb of a Woman Belongs to the Motherland’: Press Images of Israeli Women in Wartime, 1967–1973

We are at war and society is man-oriented. My husband was wounded in the last war and I intend to make a comfortable and happy home for him. He risks his life. He serves long weeks in Sinai doing reserve duty and I sit here in comfort and security. When he is back I am proud to cook and bake, to take care of him, and to show him love and gratitude. I don't feel inferior or degraded.

The Extra Burden of Moslem Wives: Clues from Israeli Women's Labor Supply

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Extra Burden of Moslem Wives: Clues from Israeli Women's Labor SupplyShoshana Grossbard‐Shechtman and Shoshana NeumanShoshana Grossbard‐ShechtmanSan Diego State University Search for more articles by this author and Shoshana NeumanBar‐Ilan University Search for more articles by this author San Diego State UniversityBar‐Ilan UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 46, Number 3April 1998 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452355 Views: 20Total views on this site Citations: 22Citations are reported from Crossref © 1998 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jennifer C. Olmsted, Edward A. Sayre Gender and Mandated Benefits: The Impact of Israeli Reserve Duty on Wages, Feminist Economics 28, no.22 (Apr 2022): 280–302.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2022.2044499Chei Bukari, Gloria Essilfie, Millicent Abigail Aning-Agyei, Isaac Christopher Otoo, Christian Kyeremeh, Anthony Akwesi Owusu, Kofi Fosu Amuquandoh, Kpanja Ibrahim Bukari, Christian Nsiah Impact of COVID-19 on poverty and living standards in Ghana: A micro-perspective, Cogent Economics & Finance 9, no.11 (Feb 2021).https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1879716Andrew Schein Female labor force participation in Israel, 1955-2017, Israel Affairs 26, no.55 (Aug 2020): 635–649.https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806515Imad Melhem, Zeina Chemali, Ashlee Wolfgang Mental Health of Arab Americans: Cultural Considerations for Excellence of Care, (Aug 2019): 149–174.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20174-6_9Imam M. Alam, Shahina Amin, Ken McCormick The effect of religion on women's labor force participation rates in Indonesia, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 23, no.11 (Jul 2017): 31–50.https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2017.1351791Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Antonina Griecci Woodsum, Himmat Zu'bi, Rachel Busbridge Funding Pain: Bedouin Women and Political Economy in the Naqab/Negev, Feminist Economics 20, no.44 (Oct 2014): 164–186.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.946941Ebru Kongar, Jennifer C. Olmsted, Elora Shehabuddin Gender and Economics in Muslim Communities: A Critical Feminist and Postcolonial Analysis, Feminist Economics 20, no.44 (Dec 2014): 1–32.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.982141Imad Melhem, Zeina Chemali Mental Health of Arab Americans: Cultural Considerations for Excellence of Care, (Nov 2013): 3–30.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8918-4_1Victoria Vernon Marriage: for love, for money…and for time?, Review of Economics of the Household 8, no.44 (Jan 2010): 433–457.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-009-9086-1Shahina Amin, Imam Alam Women's employment decisions in Malaysia: Does religion matter?, The Journal of Socio-Economics 37, no.66 (Dec 2008): 2368–2379.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2008.04.012Kwabena A. Anaman, Hartinie M. Kassim Marriage and female labour supply in Brunei Darussalam: A case study of urban women in Bandar Seri Begawan, The Journal of Socio-Economics 35, no.55 (Oct 2006): 797–812.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.038Xuanning Fu Impact of socioeconomic status on inter-racial mate selection and divorce, The Social Science Journal 43, no.22 (Dec 2019): 239–258.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2006.02.004Richard E. Mueller The effect of marital dissolution on the labour supply of males and females: Evidence from Canada, The Journal of Socio-Economics 34, no.66 (Dec 2005): 787–809.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.07.023Dima Jamali, Yusuf Sidani, Assem Safieddine Constraints facing working women in Lebanon: an insider view, Women in Management Review 20, no.88 (Dec 2005): 581–594.https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420510635213Alean Al-Krenawi, John R. Graham, Mueen Fakher-Aldin Telephone Counseling, International Social Work 46, no.44 (Oct 2003): 495–509.https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872803464006Mandana Hajj, Ugo G. Panizza Islam and Female Education: Evidence from Individual-level Data, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2003).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.366340Alean Al-krenawi, John R. Graham, Vered Slonim-nevo Mental Health Aspects of Arab-Israeli Adolescents From Polygamous Versus Monogamous Families, The Journal of Social Psychology 142, no.44 (Aug 2002): 446–460.https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603911Vernon W Ruttan Imperialism and competition in anthropology, sociology, political science and economics: a perspective from development economics, The Journal of Socio-Economics 30, no.11 (Jan 2001): 15–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(01)00091-9 Preface, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 573, no.11 (Sep 2016): 8–15.https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620157300101Leif Danziger, Shoshana Neuman On the age at marriage: theory and evidence from Jews and Moslems in Israel, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 40, no.22 (Oct 1999): 179–193.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(99)00055-4Shoshana Neuman Occupational segregation in the Israeli labour market, International Journal of Manpower 19, no.88 (Dec 1998): 571–591.https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729810242244Jennifer Olmsted Men's work/women's work: Employment, wages and occupational segregation in Bethlehem, (): 151–174.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1094-5334(01)04010-9

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF): From a "People's Army" to a "Professional Military"-Causes and Implications

Ever since its establishment in 1948, the Israel Defense Force (IDF) has exhibited characteristics conventionally associated with a "people's army." The composition of its force structure (mainly based on compulsory conscription and reserve duty) has both reflected and reinforced that image. During the past decade, however, the relative weights of the IDF's manpower complement have begun to change. While reserve duty is being reduced and conscription is becoming more selective, the career and professional component is being augmented. This article examines the societal, economic, and operational reasons for those changes. It then goes on to discuss their possible effects on the fabric of relations between Israeli society and the IDF. Specifically noted are the implications for (a) military service as a rite of passage towards full citizenship; (b) the IDF's posture of "military role expansion"; and (c) civil-military relations in Israel.

Stress on Wives Due to Husbands' Hazardous Duty or Absence

The relationships of subjectively appraised primary concerns, personal re- sources, and secondary stress reactions (anxiety, depression, somatic com- plaints, and performance decrement) were investigated in 40 wives of Israeli reservists on hazardous duty from 1988 to 1989 during the Palestinian uprising. Concerns about the husband's safety and about having to function without his help in family and household routines were not frequent but accounted for the bulk (58%) of the variance among secondary stress reactions. Missing his companionship was high but was weakly related to the previously noted measures. Prior tours of reserve duty by husbands were associated with a lower level of stress reactions in their wives, whereas prior injuries in the line of duty were associated with a higher level. Political beliefs about the justifiability of reserve duty in the territories were unrelated to the various measures. Self-esteem and the belief that life is coherent and manageable were found to buffer the concern-secondary stress reaction relationship.

War and Social Integration: The Effects of the Israeli-Arab Conflict on Jewish Emigration from Israel

Protracted conflicts may affect measures of social integration in dissimilar, even opposite ways. Employing Jewish emigration rates from Israel as a measure of social (dis)integration, I test the effects of two aspects of the Israeli-Arab conflict on emigration rates during 1951-1984: (1) annual military reserve duty and (2) subjective intensity of the conflict or its salience as reflected in the media. These two aspects are hypothesized to affect emigration rates through different mechanisms. Reserve duty constitutes a heavy cost to the individual, which directly affects the majority of Israeli households. It is expected to increase emigration rates by increasing individual costs of living in Israel. Increased salience of the conflict, on the other hand, is likely to attenuate emigration rates via social mechanisms that enhance social cohesion and integration. Results support arguments for opposite effects of the two aspects of conflict on emigration rates.

Political attitudes of Israeli students: a comparative perspective

Student politics is a topic that has long caught the attention of political observers and social scientists. This, it seems, is due to a combination of factors. Firstly, university students are usually recruited from relatively privileged social background. Secondly, in most modern societies, university students serve as a major recruiting ground for elites. Not all students are eventually incorporated into the elites and not all members of the elites are recruited from among university students. But the overlap is considerable and growing. University students (or a certain proportion thereof) can thus be regarded as potential members of the elites that staff society's political, economic, administrative and education establishments, and help shape its ideas and values. At the same time students have been observed to be prone from time to time to radical political action, and to express dissatisfaction with the political establishment and anti-establishment views more frequently than the general public. This, of course, creates a paradox: the very same people who originate from and are apt to become a major part of the establishment tend (more frequently than others) to be opposed to the establishment in their views and from time to time even in their actions. In most Western-style democracies student disgruntlement with the establishment as expressed in anti-establishment student activism became widespread especially in the 1960s, declining again in the 1970s. In this respect, Israel was an exception. Radical student protest, sometimes predicted for Israel as well, never materialized. The common conjecture is that this has to do with the constant state of siege and the intermittent outbreak of wars Israel has been faced with, with students' service in the army and their frequent call-up for reserve duty, although this has never been substantiated empirically. The question raised in this paper is how the Israeli students' political attitudes fit in with their political inaction or non-activism, even when such activism swept many other Western-style democracies. Are Israeli students not only more quiescent, but also more favourably oriented towards the existent political establishment (or the political status quo) as compared to their fellow students in the West? Or are they, too, characterized by the paradox of being critical of the establishment from which they originate and of which many of them will be part in the near future?

Strengthening the Bonds Between Israel and the Diaspora in Israeli Jewish Education

In recent years there has been a growing feeling among Jewish educators in Israel that the gap between Israeli Jews and Diaspora Jews has been widening dramatically. In discussions with young Israeli Jews and their teachers, one senses the feeling that in their hearts and minds there is very little left today that genuinely unites the Jews of Israel with the Jews of the Diaspora, except perhaps the common threat of physical destruction. And on this point, in particular, young Israeli Jews feel that the burden of responsibility for Jewish survival is not fairly shared, since only Israeli Jews are required to put their lives on the line in military service (beginning at the age of 18 for 2 to 3 years, and extending, for men, in reserve duty until the age of 55).

Withdrawal Reaction to Diazepam

To the Editor.— Major withdrawal reactions were evoked experimentally in patients taking larger than usual therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines for several weeks and who suddenly had the drug withdrawn. 1 Covi et al 2 studied the effects of abrupt withdrawal of chlordiazepoxide, 15 mg three times per day, when given for 20 weeks or longer. They found only minor abstinence symptoms. We wish to report a severe withdrawal reaction on a therapeutic dose of diazepam. Report of a Case.— The patient was a healthy, 23-year-old man who suffered from moderate anticipatory anxiety mainly related to fear of poor performance at work. Treatment with diazepam, 10 mg three times per day, brought considerable relief. After three months of drug treatment he went to an army base to fulfill his reserve duty obligation. At this time, he abruptly discontinued use of diazepam. Five days later he had two grand mal convulsions within

Rehabilitation of the Conners Creek plant

Discussion of a paper by R. E. Greene, published in the June 1935 issue, pages 610–17, and presented for oral discussion at the power generation session of the summer convention, Ithaca, N.Y., June 25, 1935. C. M. Gilt (Brooklyn Edison Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.): The problem presented by the existence of more or less obsolete generating plants and the need for increased capacity is one that will become more pressing for many power companies as load increases during the next few years. The choice must be made between building a new plant and retaining the old for reserve and peak duty, building a new plant and scrapping the old one, or rebuilding the old plant. There is no general solution to the problem but each case must be settled on its merits.