Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food and a key industrial crop across tropical regions, but traditional phenotyping for critical quality traits like dry matter content (DMC) and starch content (StC) is a laborious and low-throughput process. This study investigates the efficacy of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer device (NIRS) for the non-destructive, rapid prediction of these traits. The research methodology involved collecting spectral data from 2,236 cassava clones from 19 field trials in Brazil, using two sample types: fresh roots and mashed roots. Six spectral pre-processing methods and three machine learning algorithms—Partial Least Squares (PLS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)—were evaluated to optimize predictive models. Model performance was assessed using the coefficient of determination in calibration (), the root mean squared error of calibration (), and the Kappa index to quantify the consistency of clone selection. Results show that mashed samples consistently yielded superior predictive performance across all models. Specific preprocessing methods, such as Savitzky-Golay filtering combined with Standard Normal Variate (SG + SNV) and first-derivative transformations, significantly enhanced model accuracy. Among the algorithms, PLS demonstrated the best overall performance, with high predictive accuracy ( >0.96) and low prediction errors (<1.3 for DMCo), especially with mashed samples. High Kappa index values, consistently approaching 1.0, confirmed a good alignment between NIRS-based selection and traditional phenotypic methods. This study validates a portable spectrometer as a reliable and efficient tool for high-throughput phenotyping in cassava breeding programs. The findings confirm that portable NIRS devices, when used with optimal sample preparation (mashed roots) and robust modeling (PLS), can effectively yield good predictions for plant selection. This approach can significantly accelerate breeding cycles by enabling rapid, early-stage selection decisions, thereby overcoming a major bottleneck and contributing to a more efficient and sustainable genetic improvement of cassava.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore how integrating artificial intelligence tools into practical course instruction can enhance metacognitive skills and environmental awareness among art and design students. Using an action research methodology, this study focuses on a practical course that teaches design as part of an art and design curriculum at a university in Henan Province, China. Log records, interviews, and classroom observations were used to gather data. The research investigates the teaching paradigm of employing artificial intelligence technologies to improve students’ environmental awareness. It does this by following the four processes of action research: preparation, action, observation, and reflection. According to the study, integrating AI tools into all facets of instruction is a dynamic, continuous process. Through the three phases of project-based learning, students gradually increase their understanding of the environment, develop their environmental skills, and foster the formation of environmental attitudes. The results imply that artificial intelligence enhanced instructional designs can support students in more effectively integrating a range of components, expressing themselves creatively, and using digital technologies. It can also help students gain a deeper understanding of environmental issues and the significance of sustainable development, which raises their cognitive level of environmental awareness.

The research project examines the multifaceted dynamics of price decision-making in the cross-border used car supply chain in Tanzania, where second-hand vehicles comprise over 80% of the total vehicle supply. The research methodology employs a mixed-methods design, which involves quantitative cost model analysis and qualitative data analysis through interviews with stakeholders to examine the process by which end retail prices are established. It shows that the pricing process is not proactive, but rather reactive; prices in the market arise due to a sequence of external shocks. These shocks are Japanese-generated on the auction floors and enhanced by Tanzanian tax policies (including taxes that add up to more than 20% of the end product) and negotiated using a strong informal sector. The study establishes that the ultimate market filter is consumer buying impulse that is caused by sheer affordability and neediness as opposed to long-term value and environmental concerns. The paper finds that there is an underlying contradiction between the reactive, tax-inflated model of pricing and the possibility of a formalized circular economy. It suggests a modified scheme that incorporates eco-modulated taxation to promote sustainable decisions and policies, to more effectively coordinate formal pricing systems with the recorded aims and restrictions of Tanzanian buyers. Keywords: Consumer Intention; Taxation, Pricing Decisions, Theory of Planned Behavior, Perceived Value, Used Cars, Supply Chain, Tanzania.

Abstract This research investigates the design, development and implementation of Multiple Learning Analytics Dashboards (MLADs) with the goal of enhancing data-driven decision-making among teachers in primary education. The study presents a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach to ensure the iterative development and refinement of MLADs through collaboration with educational professionals. The research involved four key steps in the presented DBR approach: 1) identifying the requirements through stakeholder interviews; 2) generating design ideas through brainstorming sessions and prototyping; 3) collaboratively designing and developing MLADs and conducting usability testing to gather feedback; and 4) implementing the MLADs in real-world educational settings. This paper outlines the research methodology, the participants involved, and the progress made toward developing these Learning Analytics Dashboards (LADs). The outcomes highlight the creation of tailored MLADs for teachers across multiple municipalities, as well as the lessons learned from real-world implementation. Additionally, we analyze user feedback from teachers regarding the dashboard’s clarity, navigation, functionality, and design, providing a comprehensive view of the dashboard’s usability and areas for future enhancement.

Research is fundamental to advancing medical science, informing evidence-based clinical practice, and promoting professional growth for newly graduated doctors. However, many intern doctors face barriers such as limited exposure, insufficient time, and inadequate training, which hinder their participation in research activities. The internship period is an ideal time to acquire complex skills, such as research methodology. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers to medical research among intern doctors at the Faculty of Medicine, Misurata University. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among intern doctors at the Faculty of Medicine, Misurata University, Libya. Data were collected from 58 participants (response rate of 74.4%) using a self-administered Google Forms questionnaire. The instrument assessed personal data, knowledge (15 multiple-choice questions), attitude (11 Likert scale statements), and perceived barriers. Knowledge and attitude scores were categorized into Poor/Negative, Moderate/Neutral, and Good/Positive levels. Inferential statistics (t-tests) were used to compare scores across different groups, with a p-value &lt;0.05 considered significant. The mean knowledge score was 6.88±2.82, indicating generally poor knowledge, with 51.7% of participants in the "Poor Knowledge" category. In contrast, the mean attitude score was 41.69±7.34, corresponding to a positive attitude, with 55.2% of participants demonstrating a positive attitude. Key perceived barriers included difficulty in accessing study samples (82.7%), feeling of inadequate statistical skills (81.0%), and lack of time (78.9%). Notably, prior research training and project contribution were associated with significantly more positive attitudes. Intern doctors show a strong, positive attitude toward scientific research but possess poor knowledge of research methodology. Prior exposure to research, such as training and project contribution, is essential for fostering positive attitudes. Recommendations include integrating structured, practical research training into both undergraduate and postgraduate curricula to bridge the significant knowledge gap and address perceived barriers.

The objective of the present study is to determine what impact the change in the road infrastructure, consisting in its expansion/modernization, has on the structure of road accidents. This is the case when a section of road infrastructure is expanded to include a new, higher-ranking road, and what impact this has had on road incidents on a road that has hitherto acted as the main link in the respective area. The practical value of the research results is the possibility of predicting the estimated number and types of road incidents that will occur after introducing changes to the road infrastructure. For this purpose, a research methodology was proposed, based on publicly available materials published by governmental organizations, i.e. data on road infrastructure, including road traffic volumes, and non-governmental organizations collecting information on road incidents. The research methodology was presented on the example of two selected sections of road infrastructure in Poland. Then, the structure of accidents before and after the change in the transport system was analyzed, and then, in accordance with the proposed formula, the accident rate was determined in the general variant and with the specification for heavy goods vehicles. The research results indicate a significant correlation between the development of road infrastructure and the increase in the level of road safety.

Methodology for research on psychology of the arts: A systematic review, critique, and argument for mixed methods

Demand for mobile data services and people’s dependence on 4G LTE networks continue to increase. However, the quality of service (QoS) of this network still requires improvement, especially regarding the effect of QoS on throughput at specific frequencies. The research gap lies in the lack of indepth analysis of the impact of QoS parameters on network performance at frequencies of 2,100 MHz and 2,300 MHz. This study evaluates the effect of QoS parameters, such as delay, jitter, and packet loss, on throughput in 4G LTE networks at both frequencies. The research methodology uses an experimental approach with throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss measurements in various network conditions. The results showed that delay (17.2174 ms to 37.0322 ms), jitter, and packet loss significantly influence throughput, ranging from 624.5 Kbps to 1,322.4 Kbps. The 2,100 MHz frequency tends to show better performance than 2,300 MHz. This study concludes that optimizing QoS parameters, especially delay and jitter, can significantly improve 4G LTE network performance. These findings provide practical contributions for mobile operators in improving network quality and customer satisfaction and open opportunities for further research on other frequencies or newer network technologies.

The Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum, launched in 2019 by the National Medical Commission (NMC), India, emphasizes the early integration of research training in undergraduate medical education to foster critical thinking, lifelong learning, and evidence-based practice. Despite this intent, systematic and structured research training for first-year medical students remains limited in implementation. This study investigated the perceived learning outcomes, challenges, and potential solutions experienced by first-year undergraduate medical students in the physiology department, who participated in a research activity aligned with the CBME framework. A cross-sectional, observational, qualitative study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in their first year of the 2023-2024 academic year. Following a sensitization session on research methodology, students engaged in a group research activity. One hundred twenty-three students voluntarily submitted written feedback in response to three open-ended questions about their learning experiences, identified gaps, and suggested improvements. Two coders independently performed a thematic analysis of the reactions, with themes and categories finalized collaboratively. The analysis identified four central themes that reflected the learning outcomes: development of teamwork skills, improvement of research and problem-solving skills, personal development and flexibility, and intellectual and academic growth. Students gained an understanding of research methods and teamwork; challenges included formulating questions and managing time effectively. Solutions involved stronger mentorship, more precise guidance, and better group coordination. In conclusion, integrating early research training into the medical curriculum from the first year of the medical program improved students' research competencies and team-building skills. Institutional support and structured mentorship can further optimize these learning experiences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The research highlights the importance of early research training in a Physiology course in the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum, in India, for students' teamwork, critical thinking, academic, and research development. It also highlights gaps in research question development and time management, and proposes solutions like improved mentorship and topic direction.

The aetiology of associations between interpersonal violence, depression and suicidal ideation in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Population-based twin and singleton study.

Culinary micro businesses and home industries have a strategic role in local economic development, especially in the Tangerang area. However, obstacles such as low brand awareness, less than optimal business management, and minimal understanding of business regulations hinder the competitiveness of this sector. This study aims to examine how product re-branding and improving business governance can increase the competitiveness of culinary micro businesses. Using the Community-Based Research (CBR) methodology, this community engagement initiative involved 10 business owners selected through purposive sampling, utilizing in-depth interviews and field observations. The results showed that the rebranding strategy, including improving packaging, improving product quality, and strengthening marketing messages, succeeded in increasing sales by up to 30%. In addition, training in financial management, marketing, and operational management improved the skills of business actors. Administrative support in managing permits such as NIB, PIRT, and halal certification also provided more trust to consumers. In conclusion, the combination of an effective rebranding strategy and good business governance can increase the competitiveness of this industry.

The aim of this paper is to assess the current state of the application of Quality Management (QM) models in the public sector of six European countries: Romania, Croatia, Greece, Portugal, Latvia, and Ireland. To achieve this objective a comparative analysis was conducted. The study evaluates the maturity of QM from the perspective of eight components that refer to political commitment, source of funding, training offer, communication, and rewarding mechanism. The research methodology implies a scoring model to determine the maturity level of QM in each country. The data was collected from international and national public sector reports, national and European strategies, official websites of governments and QM competence centres. The study results underline clear differences between the analyzed countries in the way of implementing QM in public services. Portugal, Greece, and Ireland have a more advanced level of QM institutionalization as a consequence of long-term support for QM and efficiently organized systems compared to Latvia, Romania, and Croatia with dependents on temporary EU funding and lack or underdeveloped QM support centres. The study emphasizes the importance of having dedicated centres and specialists that can provide training and help institutions develop their own QM abilities. The research results contribute to the literature by extending empirical research on QM in the public sector to six more European countries and underlining the progress of quality integration in public services. The originality of the study is given by the sample of countries selected that was not previously covered by the existing literature.

In the rapidly changing society, where education is penetrated with serious reforms, the discussion about teacher research competence has become one of the significant competencies that teachers must develop. Teachers need opportunities for professional development. Activities such as training, workshop, excursion opportunities, and research can enhance teachers’ professional knowledge and skills. Teachers’ engagement in research, helps them find solutions to the problems they are facing in their workplaces. Participation in research addressing their workplace problems helps them develop new insight and that ultimately contributes to higher performance in their instructional practices.The present review study provides a detailed analysis of teacher research competence development programs by employing a documentary research methodology. This comprehensive literature review covers the insights from high-impact journals within the period between 2013 and 2024. The analyzed studies include a wide range of participant groups, such as university teachers, students, principals, and faculty members. The findings shed insight on the difficulties that educators face and the strategies that have proven to be successful in improving their research competency. These interventions can range from experimental programs to action research projects. The significance of collaborative structures, the role of emotional elements, and the impact of resource accessibility on the development of research skills are some of the key topics that emerge from this research. The studies were analyzed and synthesized based on their methodology, sample characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. This compilation highlights the critical role that research plays in forming the professional identities of educators and in building communities of collaborative learning. Thus, the study emphasizes the need for ongoing support and development of teacher research competence in the ever-changing field of education.

Background: While competitive intelligence (CI) mostly focuses outwardly, knowledge management (KM) is tasked to draw from external and internal knowledge sources to facilitate the knowledge flow inside the organisation towards innovation and competitive advantage. As a result, KM is perceived to be a key support function for the CI function. As such, it may be worthwhile for KM practitioners to understand key CI resources and plans for the future to offer improved support to CI practitioners. This study thus explores the future research agenda of CI. Objectives: This study aims to map the body of work centred on CI research and to map future research agendas in the CI space. Method: A bibliometric analysis approach was used to identify the latest studies, key sources, authors, keywords and countries that publish work on CI. Results: The research identified the main industries where CI research is done, the focus of the studies, research gaps and the prominent research methodologies in the CI field. Conclusion: Knowledge management practitioners can better support CI practitioners in their functions as they learn where CI is mostly practised and where the field is headed. Contribution: The authors believe that by fulfilling the research aims, CI and KM practitioners would be able to enhance their CI knowledge, tackle pressing CI research needs and reenergise conversations focusing on CI.

High-quality randomised controlled trials of acupuncture interventions for autism spectrum disorder in the last 10 years (2015-2024): A literature review.

This paper focuses on how the broad and undefined interpretation of public policy by United Arab Emirates (UAE) courts under Articles 53 and 54 of the UAE Arbitration Law impedes the enforcement of arbitral awards rendered under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. Although the UAE has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law and ratified the New York Convention, the absence of a clear framework for interpreting public policy enables inconsistent judicial intervention, undermining legal certainty and party autonomy in international arbitration. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology, supported by comparative qualitative and law case analysis, to systematically examine relevant UAE court decisions and statutory provisions. The article’s original contribution lies in its focused assessment of how judicial reasoning in public policy cases directly affects the enforceability of UNCITRALbased awards. It concludes by recommending legislative clarification and judicial guidelines to narrow the scope of discretion, thereby enhancing the UAE’s reliability as an arbitrationfriendly jurisdiction.

Cartilage-targeted Au@Pt nanospheres with enhanced photothermal effect for promoting the recovery of osteoarthritis via ROS catalysis.

HPV vaccination coverage and determinants in adolescent girls with disability: a scoping review.

Students, accrediting bodies, and institutions are increasingly calling for educators to include planetary health (PH) in medical and health professions curricula. With the World Health Organization identifying climate change as the single biggest health threat facing humanity, health professionals must be prepared for the impacts of a changing climate, biodiversity loss, and pollution. There is an expectation that they will also need to practice sustainable and climate-resilient healthcare. Following limited beneficial outcomes in a first attempt to include PH content in an introductory Physiology subject for health sciences and medicine pathway students at an Australian university, we utilized an educational research design theory and design-based research methodology to develop, implement, and evaluate the integration of PH into a Physiology subject. Key stakeholders (students and tutors) provided ongoing feedback at regular points before, during, and at the end of the 12-week semester. Based on the findings, we offer evidence-based recommendations for integrating PH into an existing subject that avoids overloading an already busy curriculum. Recommendations include providing a clear definition of PH at the start of the semester, embedding a weekly "fact" in lecture slides, engaging learners in discussions during tutorials, linking PH concepts during hands-on practical laboratories, and establishing a dedicated PH learning objective for the subject.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Planetary health can be integrated into current medical and health professions subjects without the need to remove existing content or excessively impact staff and student time commitments. It is possible to meet student, faculty, employer, and accreditor expectations of preparing graduates to work in a changing healthcare system.

Introduction to special issue on research methods and analyses.