Research Interviews Research Articles

Role of Aqidah and Moral Teachers in Instilling Sufi Values in Students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta

This article was based on the researcher's interview regarding the decline of moral quality at a high school in Yogyakarta (SMA Muhammadiyah 5), which urges the implementation of Sufism values. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the learning process of aqidah and morals in SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, (2) the role of Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the values of Tasawuf (Sufism) in students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, and (3) the supporting and inhibiting factors for the Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the Tasawuf values on students at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach for descriptive field research. The research subjects were the school's principal, Aqidah and Morals teachers, and two students. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observations, and documentation, while the data analysis methods used were data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The study found that (1) each teacher has different teaching methods, yet always puts good value in every process, (2) the role of the Aqidah and Morals teachers in instilling the values of Tasawuf has been carried out by guiding, facilitating, motivating, and evaluating the students, and (3) the supporting factors are schools with Muhammadiyah identity, school's vision and mission, supporting activities, role of teachers and parents as role models, positive environment, and the support from agencies, and foundations. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the heterogeneous state of students, limited teacher supervision, the student community, which is far from good values, and the educators' and students' low level of human resources.

What drives densification and sprawl in cities? A spatially explicit assessment for Vienna, between 1984 and 2018

The spatial arrangement of settlements constitutes a long-lasting legacy and shapes the prospects for transformations toward sustainability. Thus, understanding the drivers of changes in settlement patterns is essential. In this article, we present a spatially explicit, geostatistical analysis of settlement dynamics, and a qualitative investigation of its regulative, demographic, and economic drivers, using the example of Vienna, Austria between 1984 and 2018. Combining spatially explicit metrics of urban sprawl and cluster analysis, we analyzed high-resolution maps of buildings, population, and jobs to identify distinct settlement trajectories. Societal drivers of more or less sprawled settlement dynamics are analyzed with desk research and expert interviews. We distinguish five types of settlement dynamics: persistently dense areas with increasing use intensity, re-densification of dense areas, persistently sprawled areas, redensification of sprawled areas, and persistently isolated buildings. Urban renewal schemes have fostered the re-densification of dense areas in response to population growth and urban economic restructuring. The combination of urban renewal schemes and green space policies has successfully limited urban expansion. Challenges arise from the demand for single-family housing and corresponding zoning regulations. These factors solidify existing sprawled settlements, posing obstacles to the efficient re-densification of such areas crucial for sustainable urban development.

Judges' Considerations in Agreeing to Marriage Dispensation Maqāșid Syarī'ah Perspective

In the case of the marriage age limit stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, where the marriage age limit was changed to 19 years for men and women. The minimum age requirement for marriage has been widely applied for dispensation at the Sukadana Religious Court due to increases in applications every year. The rise in the number of requests for dispensation is largely due to pregnancies outside of marriage. In granting or adjudicating a marriage dispensation case, the judge considers several provisions based on legislation and Islamic Compilation Law (KHI) in terms of maqāṣid syarī'ah. The aim of granting a marriage dispensation is to provide benefits for the applicants. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection were done by conducting field research interviews with descriptive analysis. Data sources used were primary and secondary. In terms of results, the judge considers the application for marriage dispensation based on Law Number 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts, which was amended by Law Number 3 of 2006. Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been changed to Law Number 16 of 2019 Concerning Age Change, PERMA Number 5 of 2019 Concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Marriage Dispensation Applications, and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in granting marriage dispensation from a maqāṣid syarī'ah perspective, prioritizing benefits and avoiding harm that will be caused if the application for marriage dispensation is granted or not and reviewed from maqāṣid syarī'ah. The judge's consideration in granting the marriage dispensation is appropriate and includes elements of maqāṣid syarī'ah.
 Keywords: judge's considerations, dispensation of marriage, Maqāṣid Syarī'ah

Cultural narrative, crisis, and contention in Iceland's bid to join the European Union, 2009–2015

In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, Iceland launched a bid to join the European Union. Joining the EU was presented domestically as a key to economic recovery and as a preventative measure against future economic distress. The bid itself was framed within a rapidly shifting political landscape, set against a backdrop of spreading economic malaise across Europe, accompanied by economic bailout plans and austerity measures. Several aspects of the bid's ultimate failure demonstrate the importance of identities and narratives around national independence and European integration. Most saliently, widespread perceptions about what it would mean to join the EU, particularly around sensitive notions of sovereignty, proved insurmountable to the more economistic rationale of the pro-EU campaign. The Icelandic bid thus presents a distinct opportunity to drill down into the complex relationships between austerity economics, popular politics, and the European integration project, with significant policy implications. To better understand the emergence of the bid and its failure in sociopolitical terms we assess different conceptual frameworks, including functionalist, intergovernmentalist, and post-functionalist approaches and theoretical perspectives on crisis and contentious politics. We also include voices of Icelandic citizens from civil society and government collected in research interviews between 2012 and 2018. Overall, our comparative theoretical approach and original case data sharpen an emphasis in the social sciences and policy research on the importance of cultural narrative and identity as key determinants of EU integration.

“If we're wrong, take us to court”: An analysis of special police services (SPS) arrangements for the policing of football in England and Wales

Under the Police Act 1996, Special Police Services (SPS) allow the police in England and Wales to partially cost recover for resources deployed to police events such as football, horse racing and music festivals. Historically, there have been numerous legal cases about SPS charges involving police forces and event organisers. Most recently Ipswich Town Football Club Company Limited vs. The Chief Constable of Suffolk Constabulary [2017] EWCA Civ 1484, resulted in clarification on points of law and a more restricted area within which police forces can charge for SPS. This qualitative research interviews police officers engaged in policing football, football club representatives and other key stakeholders involved in the SPS negotiation process. It finds that there are divisive approaches by both parties, which can result in compromising public safety. The notion of SPS being abolished is explored, despite potential benefits of this, further research is recommended to examine this further.

Climate Change, Pressures, and Adaptation Capacities of Farmers: Empirical Evidence from Hungary

This paper aims to analyze comprehensively the climate exposure, sensitivity, perception, adaptive capacity, vulnerability, and resilience of the Hungarian agricultural sector, particularly focusing on fruit, vegetable, and grape producers. Four distinct Hungarian case studies were examined, representing different regions with diverse environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The research combined quantitative and qualitative methods, including statistical and GIS analysis of climate, agricultural, and socioeconomic data, as well as field research and semi-structured interviews. The study investigated exposure, sensitivity, perception, and adaptation, leading to the identification of key components and influencing factors. Qualitative research revealed that farms operating in geographically close proximity, in the same regulatory and support environment, can have different adaptive capacities. In the current state of the adaptation process, the extent to which farmers can rely on supportive professional networks and seek out and adopt new practices is crucial. Field experience suggests that without a strong and supportive producer organization (extension network), farmers may prefer to resort to extensification (afforestation) to mitigate production risks. From a development policy perspective, it is worthwhile to present good practices and provide information on possible adaptation techniques through existing local sectoral organizations.

Intelligence Function in Preventing Corruption: Indonesian Prosecutor's Office and Strategic Development Security

The prevention of corruption crimes involves both repressive and preventive measures. The Indonesian Public Prosecutor’s Office implements preventive efforts through various stages of intelligence functions. To enhance these efforts, the Attorney General’s Office of Indonesia introduced the Security for Strategic Development - Regional Investment program. This study aims to determine the legal status and certainty of the technical guidelines on security for strategic development and regional investments in the context of anti-corruption measures. It is a prescriptive legal study that employs descriptive analysis and a legal approach, considering various laws and regulations. Data collection includes library and field research surveys, documentary studies, and interviews. Qualitative analysis reveals that the strategic development and technical guidelines for security of local investments align with Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 17 of 2011 concerning State Intelligence, and the Regulation of the Attorney General No. PER-006/A/JA/07/2017 concerning the organization and work procedure of the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office. However, the authority to prevent corruption was not explicitly stated in the 2004 Attorney General’s Law, and thus, adjustments were made through B-484/D/Dpp/03/2020, dated March 12, 2020, based on Law No. 11 of 2021 concerning the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office to ensure legal certainty in anti-corruption efforts.
 Keywords: attorney, intelligence function, strategic development security

Trajectories of severe eating disorders through pregnancy and early motherhood.

During pregnancy and early motherhood, risks of relapse and worsening are high for women with a history of eating disorders (EDs), as are adverse sequelae for their babies. However, systematic descriptions of the processes that these women undergo through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood are lacking, as are good descriptions of the various trajectories these women follow through pregnancy and early motherhood. This study addresses both these knowledge gaps. We used a longitudinal research interview design, recruiting a non-clinical sample of 24 women with a history of severe EDs from routine pregnancy controls in five public, local, family health care centers in Norway. The participants were interviewed twice, first during pregnancy and then 4-6 months after delivery. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory. The focus was on modeling the trajectories of EDs through pregnancy, birth, and early motherhood. All the participants were diagnosed (DSM-5) using the Eating Disorder Examination and then completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Five perceived trajectories through pregnancy and early motherhood were identified: "The mastering mother," in which an ED pathology seems to be absent through pregnancy and early motherhood; "The inadequate mother," in which the ED pathology worsens before pregnancy, through pregnancy, and early motherhood; "The overwhelmed mother," in which the ED worsens during pregnancy and early motherhood; "The depressed mother," in which the ED is put on hold during pregnancy, but worsens in early motherhood; and "The succeeding mother," in which the ED worsens during pregnancy, but reduces in early motherhood. ED trajectories through pregnancy and early motherhood vary greatly among women with a history of EDs. This may indicate different psychological dynamics through these phases. A model with five trajectories captures a large degree of the variation. The model may help clinicians' preparedness when dealing with these patients.

Perfect smiles, aesthetic citizenship, and the U.S. State

ABSTRACT Through analysis of archival research and in-depth interviews this article traces the development of the social expectation in the United States for perfected smiles, produced through orthodontic treatment, and discusses its implication for two dimensions of citizenship: rights and sense of belonging. Belonging is facilitated by normative embodiment. In the contemporary United States, an irregular smile is a mark of alterity, indicating poverty, parental neglect, or foreign birth. Decades of health care policy shaped by neoliberal ideology that limited the supply of medical personnel, thwarted efforts to develop universally available state-subsidized medical care and supported private medical insurance as the primary solution to medical need, contributed to the establishment of a dental system oriented toward the production of profit. Profit-oriented dentistry made the perfect smile emblematic of the American middle class and intensified the social and economic exclusion of people with irregular smiles.

Craft on the Dirt Circuit: Commerce and Community at a Contemporary Renaissance Festival

This article considers the significance of the “dirt circuit,” the cyclical tour of Renaissance Festivals in the eastern US state of Maryland that craft vendors and performers take each year, as a network through which craft community is formed. Through participant research and onsite interviews at the 2021 Maryland Renaissance Festival, I examine how the closed-world structure of the festival offers a sense of continuity and community, as well as an effective means for craftspeople to make a living. The experiences of craftspeople on the dirt circuit reveal the limitations of common perceptions of craft fairs as precarious and amateur spaces. This research reveals a gap in scholarship around the craft fair as a critical site of craft history and outlines how Renaissance Festivals and other craft fairs can be included in wider conversations around craft and knowledge exchange.

Preparing for data collection: the mock interview as a researcher’s training tool

ABSTRACT Background The research interview is a valuable tool for collecting data in qualitative studies. All education researchers, whether novice or experienced, need to prepare carefully when planning to conduct interviews. Thus, how best to assist newer researchers to acquire interviewing skills for the purpose of collecting research data remains an important question. Mock, or ‘practice’, interviews can offer opportunities for such researchers to become more familiar with the methodological processes involved in interviewing, so that they can start to build necessary skills prior to carrying out interviews in the field. Purpose Set in the context of nursing education, the research sought to describe the use of an online mock interview protocol as a researcher’s training tool and consider key lessons learnt from this process. Method In this qualitative study, seven purposively selected participants from a university in Australia were involved in a mock interview process. A video conferencing platform was utilised as an online environment for the interviews. Findings Analysis of the procedure indicated the ways in which carrying out the mock interviews supported the researcher’s preparation for qualitative interviewing and facilitated the development of good practice for conducting interviews in a virtual environment. Processes included undertaking a rigorous training needs analysis, optimising technical preparedness for the mock interviews, and practising how to ask interview questions in a suitable way. The experience involved learning lessons around self-evaluation, mental readiness, retrieving rich data and troubleshooting technical issues. Conclusion The research highlights the extent to which successful interviewing depends on the quality of pre-interview preparation on the part of the researcher. Conducting mock interviews prior to online qualitative research could help support less experienced researchers in areas of research including nursing education. Integration of mock interview protocols into curricula for educational research purposes could help provide research students with opportunities to strengthen their skills.

(Going) for the One: Progressive Rock Fandom as Mea Cultura

ABSTRACT In this article, we focus on music fandom related to the band Yes, one of progressive rock’s most enduring legacy acts. Drawing on primary research interviews and focus groups, we argue that progressive rock fandom should be characterized as a largely private pursuit where the relationship between fans and their music is paramount. This relationship, and its associated listening practices, are viewed as an ongoing resource and life-long attachment of significant importance for personal identity, something which we characterize as a form of mea cultura. This term is used to signify individual rather than wider societal approaches to understanding music appreciation and the valorization of music artifacts and history.

Networking concert halls, musicians, and interactive textiles: Interwoven Sound Spaces

ABSTRACT Interwoven Sound Spaces is an interdisciplinary project which brought together telematic music performance, interactive textiles, interaction design, and artistic research. A team of researchers collaborated with two professional contemporary music ensembles based in Berlin, Germany, and Piteå, Sweden, and four composers, with the aim of creating a telematic distributed concert taking place simultaneously in two concert halls and online. Central to the project was the development of interactive textiles capable of sensing the musicians’ movements while playing acoustic instruments, and generating data the composers used in their works. Musicians, instruments, textiles, sounds, halls, and data formed a network of entities and agencies that was reconfigured for each piece, showing how networked music practice enables distinctive musicking techniques. We describe each part of the project and report on a research interview conducted with one of the composers for the purpose of analysing the creative approaches she adopted for composing her piece.

Clinical characteristics and 6-month follow-up of adults with and without alcohol use disorder who self-harm.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with suicidal behavior, but prospective clinical studies are lacking. To compare clinical characteristics and 6-month outcomes in persons with and without AUD who self-harm. 804 adults (mean age 33, age range 18-95, 541 women and 263 men, 666 with suicide attempts and 138 with non-suicidal self-injuries at index) at three Swedish university hospitals took part in a research interview that included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Subsequent non-fatal suicidal behavior within six months was identified by record review; suicides were identified by national register. At index, 39% of the men and 29% of the women had AUD. Over two thirds of these cases (69%) were identified by the MINI, but not by clinical AUD diagnosis. While trait impulsivity was more common among persons with AUD than those without (56% vs 36%, P adj = <.001), impulsivity in connection with the index attempt was noted in half of the participants in each group (48% vs 52%, P adj = 1). Subsequent suicidal behavior (fatal/non-fatal) occurred in 67 persons with AUD (26%) and in 98 without AUD (18%), a 60% higher risk among persons with AUD (OR = 1.60, 95% [CI 1.13-2.28], P = .009). Four persons with AUD (2%) and six without (1%) died by suicide within 6 months. Almost a third of patients presenting at psychiatric emergency settings after self-harm fulfilled criteria for AUD, but clinicians often missed this diagnosis. Risk for subsequent suicidal behavior was elevated in patients with AUD. Educational interventions to improve recognition of alcohol use disorder may aid clinicians in the assessment and management of patients who present with self-harm.

Poor mental health negatively impacts farmers personally, interpersonally, cognitively, and professionally

Farmers globally face significant occupational stressors and are reported to experience high levels of depression, anxiety, burnout, suicide ideation, and suicide. While the impacts of high stress and poor mental health have been well-studied in the general population, and to some extent, in specific occupations, the impacts on farmers are understudied. The objective here was to explore the lived experience of high stress and (or) poor mental health in Canadian farmers, including the perceived impacts. Using a phenomenological approach within a constructivist paradigm, we conducted 75 one-on-one research interviews with farmers and people who work closely with farmers, in Ontario, Canada, between July 2017 and May 2018. We analysed the data via thematic analyses and identified four major themes. Participants described myriad negative impacts of farmers’ high stress and (or) poor mental health: (1) personally, (2) interpersonally, and (3) cognitively, which ultimately negatively impacted them (4) professionally, including consequences for productivity, animals, and farm success. The data described far-reaching, interconnected impacts of high stress and poor mental health on participants, the people and animals in their lives, and most aspects of their farming operations, financial viability, and success. Farmer stress, mental health, and well-being are important considerations in promoting sustainable, successful agriculture.

Getting Real About Critical Realist Interviewing: Five Principles to Guide Practice

Critical realism refers to a broad project to realize a post-positivist social science. At its best, it responds to the challenges thrown down by social constructionist critiques of positivist science, while also allowing us to make interrogable claims about reality—a priority for many working to expose and eradicate structural oppression. In the social sciences, interviews remain one of the foremost methods through which researchers generate data to inform our understanding of reality. In this article, however, we argue that for critical realism to deliver on its promise as a philosophy of science for critical social scientists, we need theoretically sound guidance on what a critical realist approach to research interviewing might look like. Currently, this guidance is lacking. Through a systematic analysis of prominent qualitative research interviewing textbooks, we found that critical realism is ignored, mischaracterized, and underdeveloped. In response, we offer five principles, rooted in critical realism’s key tenets, that can guide researchers as they design, conduct, and evaluate critical realist interview studies. These principles are: (1) craft interview protocols to generate data that can inform answers to ontological research questions; (2) keep in view the interview as social practice throughout the study; (3) treat interview data as both interactively achieved co-constructions and as verifiable evidence for real phenomena; (4) be guided and informed by an aim to reduce suffering and promote social justice; and (5) demonstrate reflexivity as ongoing self-awareness.

Implementation of a New Integrated Healthcare Model; Quality Aspects to Support the Complex Home Care of Older Adults with Multiple Needs.

This study aims to describe experiences of the implementation of a new integrated healthcare model for older adults with complex care needs due to multimorbidity, living at home, from a health and welfare personnel perspective. The goal was to diminish hospitalization and still carry out high quality care at home for older adults living with multimorbidity. The model was implemented by two organizations working in cooperation, the municipality, and the region that handles interprofessional social care and healthcare in people's homes. Open-ended group interviews with personnel were carried out, three of the group interviews pre-implementations of the model, and three of the group interviews post-implementation. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed according to the procedure of thematic analysis. The quality of the integrated care model was based on care-chain cooperation, shared professionalism, and creating relations with the patient including closeness to next of kin, which was underlined by the participants. Unencumbered time gave the professionals the possibility to develop quality in integrated healthcare as part of integrated and person-centred care. The coproduction of education, research interviews and the follow-up meeting identified successes in diminishing hospitalization rates according to the participants' experiences of the post-implementation interviews. An identified failure was, however, that shared professionalism was not developed over time, rather the different responsibilities were accentuated according to the information retrieved at the follow-up meeting. Quality aspects of the model were identified in the present study. However, when implementation of a new model is completed, the organizations always have their own interpretation of how to further understand the model in question.

Pengelolaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa di Desa Patumbak Kampung Kecamatan Patumbak Kabupaten Deli Serdang pada Tahun 2022

The current problems of village governments are caused by the lack of implementation of Permendagri No. 20 of 2018, which emphasizes transparency, accountability, participation, regularity, and budget discipline in village financial management. Challenges involve low human resources, institutional effectiveness, village revenue governance, and community services. The focus of this research is the management of APBDes, considering concerns about cases of embezzlement of Village Funds in Deli Serdang Regency, such as in Sugau, Tanjung Morawa B, and Salabulan villages, which caused significant losses to state finances. The type of research used is qualitative, by analyzing how the Village Budget is managed. The data obtained is in the form of primary data, which is obtained directly from the results of the researcher's interview with informants. The results showed that Patumbak Kampung Village had prepared a village income and expenditure budget in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018, but at the stage of APBDes management, namely the implementation stage of Patumbak Kampung Village was not fully in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018 or only 90% was in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018.

Incorporating Mobile Platforms into Self-Regulated Writing Activities to Promote Students’ Performance, Writing Quality, and Perceptions

Self-Regulated Writing Activities (SRWA) are well reckoned for professional, pedagogical, and practical contributions to classroom practices. Collaborative writing as one stage of these instructional designs has not received significant attention, and the implementation of Mobile Platforms-Based Collaborative Writing (MMCW) should be investigated further for its urgency in language learning. Therefore, the current study examines the impact of MMCW incorporation into SRWA to promote students’ performance, delving into the students’ writing quality after classroom intervention and exploring students’ perception of using mobile platforms in SRWA. The study employed a mixed method, which consisted of quantitative research, one group pre- and post-test experimental design and semi-structured interviews for qualitative research, which involved twenty students from a private university in Indonesia. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the tests, document analysis to writing quality, and thematic analysis to interview. The results show an impressive difference in students’ writing from the pre-test to the post-test. The increase in students’ writing quality is demonstrated in linguistic diversity, mechanical details, development of ideas, writing formation, and language use. Moreover, students positively perceive implementing mobile platforms into self-regulated writing activities. The implications and recommendations of the study are also discussed.

Analysis of academic research data with the use of ATLAS.ti. Experiences of use in the area of Tourism and Hospitality Administration

Qualitative data analysis in academic research is a challenge. In this context, the use of tools such as ATLAS.ti has emerged as a potential solution to improve the understanding and management of data in the analysis of in-depth interviews. The main objective of the research was to analyze the perspectives of Tourism and Hospitality Management students on the use of ATLAS.ti in the analysis of interviews in qualitative research. The methodology employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive-interpretative design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups directed to 40 students of the X cycle who conducted this approach in their research to opt for the bachelor’s degree in Tourism and Hospitality Administration during the years 2022 and 2023. The findings reveal that the use of ATLAS.ti in qualitative data analysis is highly beneficial, facilitating the coding, organization, and identification of emerging patterns in in-depth interviews. The relevance of its effective use in qualitative analysis is highlighted, improving data management, and understanding of participants' perspectives. It is concluded that it is a valuable and effective tool in this context, although the need for researchers to acquire a deep understanding of the tool and receive adequate training is emphasized. It is suggested that they focus on continuous training in its use and constant practice of its advanced functionalities, especially in areas such as coding and code creation, to achieve a deeper interpretation of qualitative data