Integration Of Research Research Articles

CHATGPT FOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: ENHANCING OR UNDERMINING INNOVATION?

This systematic review examines how ChatGPT is integrated into scientific research, assessing its contributions to hypothesis generation, academic writing, data analysis, and educational support across various fields. Utilising thirteen peer-reviewed and editorial sources from 2023 to 2024, the study evaluates the advantages and challenges of ChatGPT in driving scientific innovation. Although ChatGPT improves research efficiency and accessibility, concerns about authorship ethics, misinformation, bias, and transparency remain. The review highlights a disciplinary divide in the use of ChatGPT—varying from enthusiastic application in materials science to cautious approaches in public health and policy. It concludes by underscoring the necessity for ethical frameworks, methodological rigor, and interdisciplinary guidelines to promote the responsible integration of AI in scientific processes. KEYWORDS: Chatgpt, Scientific Discovery, Academic Writing, Hypothesis Generation, Research Ethics, AI In Science, Large Language Models, Misinformation, Authorship Integrity, Interdisciplinary Research, AI Bias, Epistemology, AI Policy, Research Integrity, PRISMA Review

Applying generative artificial intelligence applications for academic research on firms’ nonlinear internationalization

Purpose This study aims to critically evaluate the applicability of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools for academic research in international business (IB), specifically focusing on the topic of firms’ nonlinear internationalization. It assesses these tools’ key performance dimensions: correctness, hallucinations and thoroughness. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts an exploratory approach, examining a comprehensive set of GenAI tools: eight chatbots and four AI-driven applications designed for academic purposes. The evaluation focuses on the capabilities and limitations of these tools in generating accurate research-related content for IB scholars. Findings This study finds that while GenAI tools capture some aspects of nonlinear internationalization, they often produce partially accurate and/or biased results. Common issues include providing fictitious sources, incorrect publication data and vague or incorrect answers. Thus, substantial development is still needed for GenAI tools to become reliable for scientific research. Practical implications Researchers should use GenAI tools with caution, verifying the accuracy of generated content and citations independently. A cautious approach is crucial to maintain the integrity and quality of academic research. Social implications This study raises awareness about ethical and practical challenges of using AI in academia, including issues related to plagiarism and misinformation. It underscores the importance of critical evaluation when using GenAI tools for research. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging literature on the role of GenAI in academic research by providing a critical assessment of the usability and limitations of current tools in studying complex IB phenomena. By using nonlinear internationalization as an example, it demonstrates how GenAI may support or hinder IB scholarship.

MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UZBEKISTAN BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK INTERACTION

The article examines the potential of networking for the development of an innovative environment for higher education institutions (HEIs) in Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis of current reforms in the education system, such as the Development Strategy until 2030, a model for integrating universities into network structures is proposed. Methods of system analysis, SWOT analysis and expert surveys are used. The results demonstrate that networking contributes to resource optimization, strengthening research and development activities and integration with industry. Key challenges for implementation are discussed, including regulatory restrictions and digitalization. Keywords: Innovative Environment, Network Interaction, Higher Education, Uzbekistan, Modeling.

Progress is neither swift nor easy: assessing funding agencies’ capacity to address science inequities

Abstract In the early 21st century, increasing awareness of research biases fueled interest in meta-research and research integrity, leading to debates on the potential negative impact of research assessments on the research environment. These ongoing discussions have reinforced the need to implement responsible research assessments to address various inequalities in science. Science funding agencies (FAs) play a central role in either mitigating or perpetuating these inequities. This study investigates how ten FAs worldwide are addressing equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in their institutional statements and funding activities, examining aspects beyond gender, including the existence of dedicated EDI departments/sections, the implementation of bias-elimination guidelines in peer review processes, systematic evaluations, and the public availability of diversity data. Although our analysis is confined to ten agencies, the findings aim to offer insights into broader EDI integration initiatives across the science-funding landscape, revealing progress toward a more intersectional approach to EDI among these entities.

Next-generation Approaches in Targeting Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Innovative Strategies.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects millions of women worldwide and is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic abnormalities. The traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often fail to address the multifaceted nature of PCOS. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and precision medicine have paved the way for innovative research and therapeutic strategies that promise to revolutionize PCOS management. This review focuses on exploring the genetic and molecular mechanisms of PCOS using innovative methodologies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptomics, and computational approaches. The integration of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms enhances the predictive accuracy of PCOS diagnoses and treatment outcomes. In addition, the emergence of personalized medicine has enabled tailored therapeutic interventions based on individual genetic profiles and phenotypic expression. Furthermore, we explored the development of novel pharmacological agents and combinational therapies to enhance the understanding of PCOS pathophysiology. These approaches also focus on reducing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and optimizing hormonal balance to achieve optimal health outcomes. The potential of digital health tools, including mobile applications and wearable technologies, to support self-monitoring and patient engagement in PCOS management is also highlighted. In conclusion, the integration of next-generation technologies and innovative research is necessary to transform the field of PCOS diagnosis and treatment, offering hope for more effective and individualized care. These underscore the importance of continued investment in advanced research methodologies and adoption of personalized therapeutic strategies to address the complexities of PCOS.

Communitarian ethics perspective on UK biobanking: the Newborn Genomes Programme.

Genomic biobanks play a pivotal role in advancing healthcare research, particularly through large-scale initiatives such as the Newborn Genomes Programme (NGP). This report examines the ethical challenges associated with paediatric genomic biobanks, using the NGP as a case study. Central to these challenges is genomic data ownership and how it informs consent models to balance individual autonomy and the collective good. Ethical considerations in paediatric biobanking often involve tensions between respecting individual rights and informed consent and prioritising the societal benefits of genomic research through public health advancements and medical breakthroughs. While traditional bioethical frameworks prioritise either individual autonomy or societal benefit, communitarian ethics offers a more integrative approach, recognising that individual and collective interests are deeply interconnected. This is particularly relevant in paediatric biobanking where families and communities share a stake in genetic information. Guided by communitarian ethics, the NGP navigates these complexities through governance mechanisms, including a stewardship model, dynamic consent processes and an ethics working group. By moving beyond the strictly individualistic focus of traditional ethical frameworks, it fosters trust, transparency and a commitment to respecting donor autonomy to ensure ethical adaptability in response to the evolving landscape of genomic medicine. As genomic biobanks continue to expand globally, the UK's NGP serves as a valuable model for maintaining ethical integrity in paediatric research while still advancing public health objectives and evolving in response to emerging ethical challenges.

Investigation of trial registration as part of a research integrity assessment of randomised controlled trials in COVID-19 evidence syntheses: a meta-epidemiological study.

Prospective registration of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is an international standard of good clinical practice but is often neglected by evidence synthesis producers. This study aims to assess prospective registration of RCTs included in evidence syntheses as part of a research integrity assessment and examine its impact on the study pool. Meta-epidemiological study. COVID-19 Cochrane reviews (CRs) and non-Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) in MEDLINE via PubMed up to 9 June 2022. RCTs from CRs and SRs evaluating 13 investigational medicinal products for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We assessed prospective trial registration in RCTs according to domain 2 of the research integrity assessment tool. Prospective registration is defined as registration before participant enrolment. We extracted the trial registration number, registration date, study start date and inconsistencies in dates between study report and registration. RCTs were categorised as 'no concern', 'awaiting classification' and 'exclude'. We also analysed the relationship between study settings, publishing journals and prospective registration. We included 188 RCTs. In the primary study report, 91% reported a trial registration number. In 84 RCTs, either not or retrospectively registered or with missing or inconsistent dates, we searched and/or contacted study authors for prospective registrations, resolving 17 RCTs. Ultimately, 58% of RCTs were prospectively registered and considered 'no concern', 15% were 'awaiting classification' due to inconsistent or missing information and 27% were either not registered or retrospectively registered and categorised as 'exclude'. Prospective registration was higher in larger or international multicentre RCTs and in RCTs conducted in Europe. If prospective trial registration is required for inclusion in evidence syntheses, only 6 out of 10 COVID-19 RCTs would be eligible. Restricting eligibility to prospectively registered RCTs would include most large and international multicentre RCTs but exclude many smaller and non-European RCTs. The protocol is available on OSF (https://osf.io/3bzeg).

Digital integration of research conduct into clinical care: results of the PROSPECTOR randomised feasibility study.

To evaluate the feasibility of conducting a clinically integrated randomised comparative effectiveness trial using digital clinical trial infrastructure within an electronic patient record (EPR). A mixed-methods, unblinded, feasibility study of digital clinical trial system incorporating testing of two designs of electronic point-of-care randomisation prompt. The study was conducted at University College London Hospitals NHS Trust between March and November 2022. The study used a real clinical research question for context, comparing liberal vs restrictive strategies for magnesium supplementation to prevent new-onset atrial fibrillation in critical care. Adult patients undergoing elective, non-cardiac surgical procedures expecting postoperative admission to critical care were recruited. A digital trial system screened participants continuously against eligibility criteria. Participants were automatically randomised (1:1) to (1) magnesium supplementation strategy and (2) one of two electronic randomisation prompt designs (nudge or preference).Electronic point-of-care randomisation prompts displayed to clinicians at regular intervals, inviting them to follow a randomised magnesium supplementation suggestion. The primary outcome measure was a composite determination of study design feasibility (including recruitment, technical performance and concordance between the randomised suggestion and the observed clinician action). 23 patients were recruited and 11 successfully randomised. The implemented digital systems for automated eligibility screening, randomisation, data collection and follow-up demonstrated technical feasibility. 47 electronic point-of-care randomisation prompts successfully deployed across 11 patients. Clinician actions were concordant with randomised suggestions in 32 prompts (68%).Technical and implementational barriers to delivering the electronic point-of-care randomisation prompts were identified. Patients were followed up to 30 days following discharge from hospital, with no serious adverse events attributable to participation identified.There was insufficient data to make a quantitative determination on the superiority of either prompt design. Clinician feedback suggested the simplified design (nudge) had greater utility. This study demonstrates that digitally embedding clinical trial infrastructure into a site-level EPR and integrating conduct into clinical care is safe and feasible. Future work will focus on improving and expanding the integrated digital trial design across multiple centres. NCT05149820.

Authorship credit disputes should all be considered potential cases of plagiarism unless proven otherwise

The US Office of Research Integrity (ORI)’s revised policy, which excludes authorship credit disputes from plagiarism, is potentially problematic because acts of intellectual property (IP) misappropriation, intended or otherwise, might potentially be exonerated from plagiarism or not adequately adjudicated as such. I argue that all authorship credit disputes should be considered as involving plagiarism unless it is clearly proven that there is no misappropriation of IP on the part of the alleged/respondent. This notion is important to prevent the prevalence of injustice due to power imbalances between senior and junior as well as between residential and tem-porary/departed researchers.

Integrity and Misconduct, Where Does Artificial Intelligence Lead?

ABSTRACTThis paper, part of the third stage of the Harbingers project studying early career researchers (ECRs), focuses on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on scholarly communications. It concentrates on research integrity and misconduct, a ‘hot’ topic among the publishing community, in no small part due to the rise of AI. The interview‐based study, supported by an extensive literature review, covers a convenience sample of 91 ECRs from all disciplines and half a dozen countries. It provides a new and fresh take on the subject, using the ‘voices’ of ECRs to describe their views and practices regarding integrity and misconduct. We show that ECRs are clearly aware of research misconduct and questionable practice with three‐quarters saying so. A big indictment of the scholarly system, but, not surprising given a rising number of retractions and questionable journals. The main blame for this is levelled at the haste with which researchers publish and the volume of papers produced. ECRs also feel that things are likely to get worse with the advent of AI. They believe that they are aware of the problems and how to avoid the pitfalls but suspect that things are approaching a cliff‐edge, which can only be avoided with strong policies and an overhaul of the reputational system.

On ideologies, micropolitics, and realpolitik – toward a political perspective on integration in corporate communications

PurposeWhile there is a persistent call for integration in research and practice of corporate communications (CC), differences in the underlying ideals, forms of internal resistance, and the enforcement of integration against this resistance have been widely neglected in academic inquiry. The aim of this conceptual article is to elucidate these differences in integration ideals, resistance, and re-enforcement, drawing on a growing stream of research arguing for an explicit political perspective in organization and management studies.Design/methodology/approachApplying theory adaptation of this stream of research, the ideologies, micropolitics, and realpolitik underlying different ideals of integration in CC are systematically elaborated.FindingsWe distinguish four ideal types of integration and their distinctive forms of micropolitical resistance and realpolitikal re-enforcement: authoritarian, libertarian, solidary, and liberal integration.Originality/valueOur conceptual contribution provides a first comprehensive explanation of recurrent integration ideals in CC, their respective resistances, and re-enforcement from a political perspective. This perspective not only sensitizes research and practice to the underlying ideologies that often remain implicit in the pursuit of various integration ideals, but it also illuminates that every integration ideal entails its genuine form of disintegrative resistance and, consequently, the necessity of re-enforcing integration to assert corporate power interests.

The Patient Experience Driver Toolkit: Centering Patients in the Design of New Care Pathways

Improving patient experience is an increasingly important goal in healthcare. As a result, design professionals are now more involved in developing clinical care pathways. This presents an opportunity to leverage design methodologies to intentionally influence patient experiences. Experience design has emerged as a domain with tools to map complexity, measure experience, and identify innovation opportunities. However, integration of clinical research with design and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) remains limited. To address this, we introduce the Patient Experience Driver (PED) Toolkit—a novel tool supporting designers in incorporating clinical patient experience knowledge into their process. This paper presents the development and application of the PED Toolkit in a healthcare case study of a lifestyle-change care pathway for atrial fibrillation, tested in a clinical trial. We find the PED Toolkit enhances designers’ sensitivity to patient experience, provides structure throughout the design process, and integrates patient-centered considerations into areas where they are often overlooked.

Study of Research Misconduct Using an Analytical Approach to the Research System of Medical Sciences

Since research misconduct can be considered as an adaptive reaction against the limitations, pressures, and demands arising from inappropriate functions of the research system, to manage it, the activities of the research system should be investigated and traced during the path of transferring research policies (macro level) to research development programs in institutions (meso level) and research implementation by researchers (micro level). By introducing the macro-meso-micro analytical framework, this study clarified the tasks, strategies, and activities formed at three levels of the research system of medical sciences in Iran; from macro policies of research (macro) to operational plans for the development of research in universities and research centers (meso) and researchers as research conductors (micro). For this purpose, three analytical levels of the research system were explained and defined according to the assumptions of this framework. By performing a qualitative content analysis of the relevant texts, those activities that could be useful at different levels to support the research integrity were identified and presented as different strategies. The results showed that the research system, based on the existing analytical framework, is not seen as a mere macro-system without regard to the interaction of its parts, but rather a system in which there is cross-sectional influence and interaction among the components. This approach can improve the focus, clarity, and capability to study research misconduct, and by using micro, meso, and macro levels, it can trace challenges in the interactive path of various activities and functions of the research system and their intertwining.

Grasping at water: a gap-oriented approach to bridging shortfalls in freshwater biodiversity conservation.

Freshwater biodiversity is the fastest declining part of the global biota, threatened by multiple stressors including habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, water pollution, and abstraction by humans. A multitude of recent agenda-setting publications have pointed out key objectives and goals for addressing this freshwater biodiversity crisis, but important gaps must be overcome to reach ambitious conservation targets. In this perspective, we complement these high-level papers in freshwater conservation by highlighting important gaps in knowledge, governance, and implementation. This gap-oriented approach is designed to facilitate meaningful action by highlighting missing 'pieces' in the conservation process, and their connection to existing and emerging solutions in the literature. We derive 13 overarching gaps from a conference session and informal synthesis of recent literature in freshwater biodiversity conservation to catalyse research, advocacy, and action to meet freshwater goals for the post-2020 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Key gaps include inventory data on global freshwater biodiversity, collating and mobilizing conservation evidence in practice, improving coordination of ecological governance at scale -including within and across catchments-and navigating trade-offs between economic development, resource consumption, and priorities for freshwater biodiversity. Finally, we apply this gap-oriented approach to key language describing GBF goals for freshwater biodiversity conservation, and point out existing and emerging solutions which may help address important gaps. Major themes that address multiple gaps include the use of Nature-based Solutions and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), navigation of water management trade-offs between human and environmental needs, co-production of knowledge with Indigenous and local people and other stakeholders, integration of conservation research and action between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and funding and policy mechanisms to facilitate conservation action and support meaningful monitoring of conservation evidence across hydrological scales.

Student-Driven Research Acumen in Healthcare Management Education from Classroom to Contribution: Narrative review of cross-sectional study

Background: Research holds paramount importance in healthcare management within academic settings, playing a pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes, innovating treatments and technologies, as well as advancing medical understanding. Objective: The objective of the study includes an overall understanding of research acumen among healthcare management students and the importance of research knowledge translation for practical applications. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional design, comprising a comprehensive review of the literature, data extraction, and synthesis of 17 published papers on research literacy, healthcare management, and the integration of research in academic settings. Additionally, Primary Data was collected from 120 postgraduate students on their research acumen, interest, barriers, and facilitators of conducting research in the academic. Results: During postgraduate studies, 70.2% did not receive any formal training or coursework related to research methods and techniques. Skill development training was viewed as a preferred facilitator, while the lack of knowledge on how to get started was identified as the primary obstacle, among all other barriers. Conclusion: This study contributes to the discourse surrounding the critical role of research in shaping the future of healthcare management.

Advancing Higher Education through Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Framework for Teaching, Assessment, and Research Integration

The benefits of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education cannot be overstated. Several studies have demonstrated its importance in improving explicit teaching and learning, argumentation and decision-making, assessment and curriculum design, and other research efforts. However, insufficient comprehensive frameworks for guiding effective usage result in abuse, bias, fragmented efforts, and inconsistent outcomes. The study population comprises approximately 6,000 people, including academic staff and students from the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Open and Distance Learning Centre in Ogbomoso. The sample size of 362 was determined using Cochran’s formula. However, only 333 participants completed the questionnaire. The study employed convenience sampling and informed consent for respondents, analysing closed-ended data using descriptive analysis and open-ended data using thematic analysis to identify patterns and subthemes. The results revealed mixed opinions. Respondents emphasised the advantages of AI in terms of contextualised, tailored teaching content, efficient assessment, and research support. On the other hand, academic staff expressed concerns about overreliance on technology, a lack of human oversight, insufficient infrastructure, and data privacy issues. These findings underscore the need for transparent, balanced, and accountable AI integration that mitigates unethical use while preserving essential human elements. As a result, a framework was created to guide the ethical and practical use of AI, ensuring higher educational quality and innovation while preserving academic integrity and inclusivity.

Using a Youth Advisory Council to Address the Youth Vaping Epidemic

Youth use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or vaping) has skyrocketed in recent years, resulting in a youth vaping epidemic. To combat this epidemic, a coalition of U.S.-based researchers created the Rapidly Advancing Discovery to Arrest the Outbreak of Youth Vaping (VapeRace) Center to stop youth e-cigarette use through integration of research across basic, clinical, behavioral, and population-based domains. Because most research on youth vaping is researcher-driven, the VapeRace Community Engagement and Research Translation (CERT) Core was created to facilitate stakeholder input and engagement with Center activities to develop partnerships between VapeRace researchers, youth, and the community. To help achieve these goals, a VapeRace Youth Advisory Council (YAC) was formed. This article describes the development and implementation of the VapeRace YAC, details its outcomes, and offers lessons learned and future recommendations for similar youth advisory groups.

The Wite Way Forward: Learners’ Experiences on the Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence Tools In Research Writing

This phenomenological study investigates the experiences of Senior High School learners at Glan School of Arts and Trades in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for research writing. Since there are limited studies on AI in K-12 research writing in the Philippines, I conducted in-depth interviews with eight purposively selected learners that delve into their perceptions, challenges, and benefits associated with AI tool usage. The findings reveal a complex interplay of advantages and concerns. While learners appreciate AI's capacity to enhance grammar, generate ideas, and manage citations, they also express concerns regarding overreliance and potential ethical implications, such as plagiarism and lack of original thought. The study highlights the need for a balanced approach to AI integration in academic research, emphasizing the importance of human oversight and critical evaluation. This study contributes to the growing body of research on AI in education, providing valuable insights into the experiences and perspectives of young learners. By understanding the benefits and limitations of AI tools, educators can develop strategies to support students in using these technologies responsibly and effectively. Furthermore, the findings of this study can inform the development of guidelines and policies for the ethical and appropriate use of AI in educational settings.

Challenges and actions towards a more comprehensive developmental science

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of some of the challenges and actions needed for a more comprehensive developmental science. It begins by contextualizing the evolution of psychology within Thomas Kuhn’s framework of paradigm shifts, highlighting the diversity of perspectives and methods within the field. The paper then delves into the challenges faced by developmental science, emphasizing the importance of diversity, inclusion, and a cumulative approach. Specifically, it discusses the need for diverse perspectives, interdisciplinary integration, and methodological innovation in developmental research. It also addresses the replication crisis and the importance of enhancing replicability and credibility in research findings. It further explores the structural, social, and individual factors influencing replicability and outlines actions to improve research culture, such as promoting transparency, rigour, and inclusivity. Finally, it underscores the importance of maintaining a balance between technical proficiency and theoretical frameworks, advocating for a holistic approach to research guided by robust theoretical perspectives.

A Comparative Analysis of Brand Building Research between China and the United States over the Past Thirty Years

This article conducts clustering, comparison, and inductive analysis of research articles on brand building between China and the United States from January 1, 1990, to October 31, 2024. The study finds that the focus of Chinese brand building research has continuously changed with the country’s policies and economic development needs, gradually expanding to cover multiple fields, including rural revitalization, cultural branding, first-class enterprise construction, and high-quality development, although the publications are relatively scattered. American brand building research started earlier, with rich and in-depth research topics involving consumer decision-making, corporate social responsibility, customer engagement, data models, and more. The publication institutions are relatively concentrated, and the researchers are more stable. Both countries emphasize the importance of brand building, valuing the role of social media, the digital economy, and innovative development in promoting brand building. However, China places more emphasis on the importance of brands to enterprises and macro policies, while the United States focuses on the relationship between brands and consumers, such as brand love and loyalty. The United States has more in-depth research in constructing theoretical sandcastles of brand building, theory-driven frameworks, data, and model analysis, whereas China is relatively weak in these areas. The study suggests that future research on brand building should integrate national development strategies with consumer-oriented brand building research, brand value co-creation research, brand building and education integration research based on new technology applications, cross-cultural brand communication and global brand building research, and data-driven decision-making research in brand building. Through data-driven simulation and prediction, brand building strategies should be optimized to enhance the ability of brands to respond to market changes. The article also proposes suggestions for strengthening brand building research institutions and talent cultivation, as well as enhancing international cooperation and exchanges in the field of brand building research.