Settling behaviour of pristine, UV-weathered, and biofouled particles from organic corrosion protection coatings under varying environmental conditions.

ABSTRACT Urban areas are experiencing significant changes due to rapid consumption and innovation, leading to urgent demands for sustainable transformation. All these processes can be realized with collaboration among stakeholders, including organizations, institutions, and citizens in the fashion and design sectors. However, the precise roles, responsibilities, and impacts of stakeholders remain unclear. This paper aims to examine how organizations, institutions, and citizens co-develop circular fashion marketing in Milan through a Participatory Action Research design that combines semi-structured stakeholder interviews with secondary qualitative data from the fashion-focused ideathon “Refashioning Milan”. Findings indicated a positive trend among organizations, institutions, and citizens in embracing circularity, with particular emphasis on the integrative role of knowledge institutions in facilitating systemic change. Theoretically, the study extends circular ecosystem and stakeholder engagement theory by explaining how boundary-spanning orchestration, rather than stakeholder participation alone, enables heterogeneous actors to align circularity framings. These insights can extend circular fashion ecosystem and stakeholder engagement research beyond descriptive role mapping and offer actionable implications for multi-actor governance and participatory innovation. We proposed practical recommendations to inform multi-stakeholder governance, entrepreneurship, and innovation strategies for the fashion market, while outlining future research directions for sustaining circular fashion ecosystems.

Acceptability of GenAI to support pharmacist research skill development.

Different minds, shared struggles: Personality and self-beliefs across neurodivergent conditions.

BackgroundAn established publication type in medicine, case reports allow clinicians to share novel or unusual observations. Their strengths include the ability to identify new phenomena, facilitate communication between practice and research, generate hypotheses, and provide insights into conditions that it may be unethical or impractical to study directly. Architecture and environmental design lack an equivalent method for systematically sharing practice-based insights.PurposeThis paper establishes clear, structured guidelines for documenting and preparing case reports in architecture and environmental design.MethodsUsing a comparative and conceptual approach, this study adapts the CARE Guidelines-developed for case reporting in medicine-to the context of design practice. The study draws conceptual parallels between stages of clinical care (e.g., diagnosis, treatment, outcomes) and those of the design process (e.g., problem identification, interventions, post-occupancy evaluations). Building on this comparison, it introduces a new set of guidelines for architectural case reports.FindingsThe resulting framework, the SCALE Guidelines (Standardized Case reports for Architecture and the buiLt Environment), consists of 12 components that provide a standardized structure for writing design case reports. The guidelines will help practitioners share real-world insights in a format suitable for scholarly dissemination that promotes consistency, completeness, and rigor in reporting.ConclusionsAlthough evidence-based design aims to inform design decisions in practice through research, case reports serve the opposite function: informing research decisions through insights from practice. The formal recognition of case reports in design as a distinct publication type can help bridge the gap between design practice and research.

Inside or outside? The role of classroom setting location on child executive function.

ABSTRACT STEM education in Hong Kong aims to equip students with interdisciplinary knowledge and problem-solving skills. However, current implementations primarily restrict engagement to elective subjects such as engineering and programming. This study explores a design-led STEM (D-STEM) approach as an alternative framework, integrating fashion, technology, and creative practices to enhance STEM learning and facilitate the acquisition of core STEM knowledge. Workshops were conducted in nine secondary schools, engaging 477 students. A mixed-methods research design incorporated surveys and interviews to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from students and teachers. The findings indicate that applying interdisciplinary STEM education in real-world contexts enhances student engagement, problem-solving skills, and social awareness, while also shifting teachers’ perceptions of STEM’s practical applications. These results highlight the potential of design-led approaches to make STEM education more accessible, relevant, and impactful in curriculum development.

To explore the factors that influence the implementation of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) for people with dementia in community care settings in Ireland. Descriptive qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 people with dementia, 11 care partners and 18 health and social care practitioners from November 2024 to June 2025. Interviewees were recruited from 10 community care settings and local dementia networks across 11 counties in Ireland. A photo elicitation approach was applied. Framework method was used for data analysis, integrating the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A variety of AAI types were used across community care settings. The complexity and variation in AAI delivery and factors that influence its implementation were described. We developed four themes and 11 subthemes to illustrate the inter-relationship among factors combining five domains of CFIR: attitudes toward AAI; available and accessible resources; design and development of AAI; and scaffolding to facilitate AAI implementation. AAI has promising benefits for people with dementia. Our findings provide rich insights into the multi-level factors that influence AAI practice. Future research should focus on developing and enhancing implementation strategies, applying user-centred design, to address barriers, leverage facilitators and tailor to local context, ultimately increasing the adoption and impact of AAI. The findings contribute to the evidence base for best practices of AAI, inform the development of strategies, guidelines and policies of dementia care, and foster the creation of a dementia-friendly community. Two patients and members of the public (both co-authors) and four advisory group members who share a love of animals were involved in this study, contributing to the research design, recruitment, data analysis and final paper.

From greenwashing to green trust: Understanding the consumer behavior in the fashion industry.

The present study investigates the feasibility and initial efficacy of the Unified Protocol (UP) as a pilot trial for anxiety and depressive symptoms in Turkish university students with a pretest-posttest control group research design. Thirty-four undergraduate students with high levels of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms were randomly assigned to one of two study conditions: an intervention group based on the UP (n = 17) or a waitlist control group (n = 17). To determine the effectiveness of treatment, a 2 (intervention-control group) x 2 (pre-post test) mixed measures variance analysis was applied for the primary outcome measures: degree of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as positive and negative affect and psychological well-being. The analyses revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment scores on all outcome measures in the intervention group; these improvements were also significantly greater than those in the control group. These outcomes included participants receiving the Unified Protocol reported lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, decreased negative affect, higher levels of positive affect, and improved psychological well-being compared to the control condition. The findings of this study provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the Unified Protocol in a Turkish sample. The study findings are evaluated in light of the relevant literature and within the scope of the study's limitations, and suggestions for academic and clinical applications are presented.

Predictors of withdrawal behavior in adolescents: Parental emotional warmth, helicopter parenting, and emotion regulation.

The tipping point: Testing the impact of unfamiliar currency on international tourists' tip size.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and serious complication of diabetes. This study aimed to identify the difficulties experienced by people with type 2 diabetes who previously had DFUs, and those who had undergone amputation. A qualitative research design utilizing content analysis was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 people with type 2 diabetes who had previously experienced DFUs between 2023 and 2024. The interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed. The data analysis revealed 5 themes: diabetic foot ulcers development process (ingrown nail, cracks, callus removal, foot blisters, etc.), practices in foot care (washing feet, nail clipping, etc.), amputation experience (loss of sensation, not noticing the wound, etc.), fear of amputation (death wish, fear of foot amputation, etc.), effect of diabetic foot ulcer on social life (quitting job, etc.). The study identified that the most significant factor contributing to the development of DFUs was inadequate foot care practices and a lack of information.

Cooking competence plays a central role in shaping diet patterns and structuring everyday life. Yet, how emerging adults learn cooking competence after leaving the parental home remains insufficiently understood. Existing research has tended to emphasise parental transmission, school-based education and structured intervention, reflecting transfer-based learning assumptions. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, this review was conducted as a mixed-methods systematic review integrating quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method evidence through a convergent-integrated synthesis to interpret learning across study designs. A total of 35 empirical studies published between 1990 and 2025, and identified across five databases, were included. The aim was to explore what is known about emerging adults' learning of cooking competence. The review was pre-registered in Prospero (CRD42024534477). Across diverse study designs and purposes, three key findings emerge. First, the transition to independent living constitutes a distinct and formative context in which cooking competence is learned, driven by new responsibilities, routines and shifting material conditions. Second, emerging adults appear as agentic and competent learners who experiment and navigate everyday constraints. Third, learning cooking competence is predominantly practice-based and supported by multiple sources of people and tools, including social media, whereas parental instruction, school and interventions play more limited roles than commonly assumed. These findings show that current research underestimates practice-based learning processes during emerging adulthood and overemphasises formal instruction. The review identifies theoretical and methodological challenges in existing literature and highlights the need for research designs attending to everyday practice, contextual conditions, and the lived experience of emerging adults. The synthesis provides conceptual and methodological insight for researchers, policy, and practice by clarifying what is currently known about emerging adults' learning of cooking competence after leaving the parental home.

This research focuses on the design and construction of a multi-functional international trade fair complex for Taraba State, Nigeria, with an emphasis on spatial adaptability. This research focuses on the design and construction of a multi-functional international trade fair complex for Taraba State, Nigeria, with an emphasis on spatial adaptability. The existing state-owned trade fair facility in Jalingo lacks the necessary infrastructure to support multiple functions year-round effectively. The study aims to propose a design solution for a versatile trade fair complex capable of accommodating diverse activities and responding to changing space requirements. A mixed-method research design approach was adopted, employing case studies, structured observation checklists, and architectural design tools, including AutoCAD, as instruments for data collection. Results are presented using tables, plates, frequency distributions, percentages, and architectural design drawings to illustrate spatial allocation, functional relationships, and design outcomes. Findings revealed that 50% of the facilities at the current state-owned Jalingo trade fair complex were either unavailable or inadequate. The proposed Jalingo International Trade Fair Complex was designed to incorporate 18 key functional components, totaling 47 usable facilities, including exhibition halls, open fairgrounds, parking lots, cultural pavilions, offices, and service areas. The results further indicate that the most extensively used spaces are the parking area (44,400m²), exhibition halls (40,950m²), and open fairground (14,250m²), while the eatery service unit, internet cafe, and information desk areas occupied the least spatial allocation with 39m², 40.56m2, and 59.40m2 respectively. In conclusion, the proposed design offers a sustainable framework for improving facility utilization and enhancing the socio-economic value of trade fair infrastructures in the State of Taraba. Therefore, it is recommended that implementing this project, either through state initiatives or public-private partnerships, will create direct and indirect employment opportunities and enhance Taraba State’s internally generated revenue base.

Convenience or risk? Understanding users' continuance intention toward AI health assistants.

An analysis of United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee national governing body policies related to body pressures, body image concerns, and eating pathology.

How do traits and dispositional constructs relate to intentions and behavior? The trait-informed attitude, cognition, and intention tenet (TACIT).

Investigating AI competence among Chinese secondary school teachers: Insights from the UNESCO framework.

Purpose: Financial Mindfulness is essential for complementing self-confidence in managing personal finances to achieve financial well-being. This study aims to investigate how individuals' self-efficacy influences their mindfulness in making prudent financial decisions, thereby attaining financial well-being. The research subjects are members of the Sandwich Generation, who face the dual financial burden of caring for aging parents and supporting children, often experiencing stress and complexity in financial management. Research Design and Methodology: This study employs a quantitative design with a sample of 281 respondents from the Sandwich Generation in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SMARTPLS Version 3. Findings and Discussion: The findings indicate that Financial Self-Efficacy positively influences Financial Mindfulness, Financial Mindfulness positively impacts Financial Well-Being, and Financial Self-Efficacy positively affects Financial Well-Being. Additionally, Financial Mindfulness has been found to positively mediate the effect of Financial Self-Efficacy on Financial Well-Being, which is a novel contribution of this research Implications: The managerial implications of these findings are valuable for financial planners, financial institutions, and policymakers focusing on the financial well-being of the Sandwich Generation in Indonesia.