Requires Energy Expenditure Research Articles

Factors Affected the Physical Activity in Adolescents with Risk of Obesity in Rural Aceh

Physical activity is any movement that requires energy expenditure by the body’s skeleton and muscles. Lack of physical activity can increase the risk of obesity which has the potential of negative impacts on the physical and psychological health of adolescents. It can also increase the incidence of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affected the physical activity of adolescents at risk of obesity in rural Aceh. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two senior high schools in rural Aceh. There were 134 respondents were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, The Adolescents Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), the Social Support for Exercise Scale and the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Adolescents (PAQ-A). The analysis was carried out using Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression test. The results showed that parental education (p=0.025; OR=7.142) was the most affected factor toward physical activity in adolescents with a risk of obesity. It is suggested that local schools to increase the involvements of adolescents at risk of obesity in school extracurricular programs and collaborate with the public health centre to provide health education for parents of adolescents about the importance of physical activity for adolescent’s health.

Tjelesna aktivnost i simptomi depresije i anksioznosti kod djece i adolescenata

More and more children and adolescents have been facing mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety symptoms. Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, and it affects mental health at multiple levels and through different mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the relationship between physical activity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, with an emphasis on children and adolescents. An analysis of the available literature has been conducted and the results have shown that there is evidence that physical activity has a positive effect on overall mental health, especially on symptoms of depression. However, much research is still needed to prove exact mechanisms and directions of this relationship.

Physical Activity and Climacteric Symptoms Among Premenopause Women

Women experience physical changes before menopause. Women experience climacteric conditions caused by decreased reproductive hormones, so they experience the climacteric period. Climacteric is 4-5 years that occurs before menopause. Women experience problems during the climacteric period, such as hot flashes, sleep disorders, mood swings, and increased osteoporosis. Physical activity with conscious body movements produced by skeletal muscles requires energy expenditure. Physical activity includes all activities, with the intensity to help climacteric symptoms. This research aimed to identify the correlation between physical activity and climacteric symptoms. This research design used an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 72 women of premenopausal age, and it was obtained by cluster sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data analysis was the Kendal Tau test. The results of this study were 44.86 ± 3.041%, and the average number of children in this study was 2.76 ± 1.157%, elementary school education level was 47.2%, unemployed was 81.9%, respondents who did not use contraception hormonal and non-hormonal as many as 86.1%, respondents who did high physical activity were 93.1%, and respondents who did not have climacteric symptoms were 97.2%. The results of the Kendal Tau test showed a value (ρ value = 0.000), so there was a relationship between physical activity and climacteric symptoms in premenopausal women. In conclusion, physical activity has a relationship with climacteric symptoms in premenopausal women

Upaya Promotif Aktivitas Fisik Pada Komunitas Lansia Di Wilayah Puskesmas Banyuanyar Kota Surakarta

Physical activity is body movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure to carry out physical activities. When you are elderly, a degenerative process occurs which can put you at risk of disease and injury resulting in a decline in aspects of your health status. The thing that needs to be considered in this condition is the importance of the quality of life of the elderly in an active and effective manner, one of which is physical activity which is related to physical well-being. Based on the results of a survey in the elderly community, namely Pos Lansia Seruni RW 08, Sumber sub-district, it was found that most of the elderly population has low daily activity. The aim of this community service is to promote physical activity in the elderly so that they can improve their functional abilities independently and efficiently and effectively in everyday life. The method used for counseling is promotional and provides media that can be read and taken home in the form of leaflets containing efforts to promote physical activity in the elderly community in the Banyuanyar community health center area, precisely at the Seruni Elderly Post RW 08, Sumber Village, Surakarta City. The results obtained are that the elderly understand and can apply promotional efforts regarding the importance of physical activity.

Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract Lowers Malondialdehyde Levels, Increases Superoxide Dismutase Levels, and Increases Leydig Cell Count in Male Rats Given High-Intensity Swimming Exercise

Physical activity is any body movement that occurs due to skeletal muscle contractions that require energy expenditure. Overtraining can trigger oxidative stress due to chronic systemic hypoxia, cause an increase in systemic inflammatory response and multiorgan damage, and accelerate the aging process. The aging process is influenced by many factors, one of which is high-intensity swimming exercise which triggers the emergence of free radicals and leads to systemic oxidative stress. High-intensity swimming exercise is associated with an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The Papaya plant is famous for its therapeutic and nutritional properties. Papaya leaves contain secondary metabolites from papaya leaf extract including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties as an antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant. This research is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. The sample in this study were male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an age range of 3-4 months with an average body weight range of 180-200 grams. As many as 36 rats were divided into 2 treatment groups. Treatment group 1 (P1) rats were given high-intensity swimming exercise treatment and aquabidest. Treatment group 2 (P2) rats were given high-intensity swimming exercise treatment and papaya leaf extract 60mg / 200g BB orally. Each treatment was carried out for 21 days. The data obtained will be analyzed using an independent sample T-test. The results of this study obtained: (1) the average MDA levels showed that the P1 group (1.02±0.064) was higher than the P2 group (0.86±0.44) with a value of p<0.001; (2) the average SOD level in the P2 group (2.72±0.437) was higher than P1 (1.46±0.288) with p<0.001; (3) the average number of Leydig cells in the P1 group (13.0±5.05) was lower than in the P2 group (30.0±5.05) with p<0.001. This study concluded that papaya leaf ethanol extract in rats was able to reduce MDA levels, increase SOD levels and increase the number of Leydig cells in male rats given high-intensity swimming exercise.

Identifying modifiable psychosocial outcomes to maintain physical ACTIVity and promote independence in DEMentia: the ActivDem study

AbstractBackgroundPromoting habitual physical activity (HPA; e.g. walking) may help decelerate dependency and disability in people with dementia (PwD). HPA refers to any movement the skeletal muscles make which requires energy expenditure, including daily tasks (e.g. gardening/housework). Research regarding physical activity in PwD mainly focuses on exercise‐based activities, which may not be feasible for people with chronic health conditions or frailty, or who cannot afford or travel to exercise classes. Promoting participation in HPA may be an inclusive, accessible strategy to support PwD to remain physically active and mobile. PwD participate in less HPA than recommended and disease‐specific factors (e.g. cognition) do not sufficiently explain this. In healthy ageing, HPA participation is associated with multiple socio‐ecological factors (e.g. psychosocial wellbeing/social support/environment) but this has not been explored in dementia. The ActivDem study aims to identify key socio‐ecological influences on HPA change over time in community‐dwellers with dementia. Figure 1 presents ActivDem’s core objectives.MethodPwD and their carers will be recruited from the ongoing cohort study, DETERMIND, they will participate in a continuous seven‐day HPA assessment. This involves wearing an inertial measurement unit on their lower back at baseline and one‐year follow up. Digital mobility outcomes relating to volume (e.g. steps per day), pattern (e.g. mean ambulatory bout length), and variability (i.e. of bout length) will be derived via validated algorithms. PwD will also complete the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire and Falls Efficacy Scale. Carers will complete the Dementia Management Strategies Scale. Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics and information on care support will be assessed as part of the DETERMIND study (1).ResultLongitudinal statistical methods will identify key predictors of HPA change in PwD, and examine the relationship between HPA and independenceConclusionThe ActivDem study will identify key socio‐ecological predictors of HPA change, these will inform key interventional components to support PwD to remain physically active and mobile following diagnosis of dementia.

Identifying modifiable psychosocial outcomes to maintain physical ACTIVity and promote independence in DEMentia: the ActivDem study

AbstractBackgroundPromoting habitual physical activity (HPA; e.g. walking) may help decelerate dependency and disability in people with dementia (PwD). HPA refers to any movement the skeletal muscles make which requires energy expenditure, including daily tasks (e.g. gardening/housework). Research regarding physical activity in PwD mainly focuses on exercise‐based activities, which may not be feasible for people with chronic health conditions or frailty, or who cannot afford or travel to exercise classes. Promoting participation in HPA may be an inclusive, accessible strategy to support PwD to remain physically active and mobile. PwD participate in less HPA than recommended and disease‐specific factors (e.g. cognition) do not sufficiently explain this. In healthy ageing, HPA participation is associated with multiple socio‐ecological factors (e.g. psychosocial wellbeing/social support/environment) but this has not been explored in dementia. The ActivDem study aims to identify key socio‐ecological influences on HPA change over time in community‐dwellers with dementia. Figure 1 presents ActivDem’s core objectives.MethodPwD and their carers will be recruited from the ongoing cohort study, DETERMIND, they will participate in a continuous seven‐day HPA assessment. This involves wearing an inertial measurement unit on their lower back at baseline and one‐year follow up. Digital mobility outcomes relating to volume (e.g. steps per day), pattern (e.g. mean ambulatory bout length), and variability (i.e. of bout length) will be derived via validated algorithms. PwD will also complete the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire and Falls Efficacy Scale. Carers will complete the Dementia Management Strategies Scale. Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics and information on care support will be assessed as part of the DETERMIND study (1).ResultLongitudinal statistical methods will identify key predictors of HPA change in PwD, and examine the relationship between HPA and independenceConclusionThe ActivDem study will identify key socio‐ecological predictors of HPA change, these will inform key interventional components to support PwD to remain physically active and mobile following diagnosis of dementia. References • Farina et al., 2020. DETERMinants of quality of life, care and costs, and consequences of INequalities in people with Dementia and their carers (DETERMIND): A protocol paper. Int. J. Geriatr.

Edukasi Stretching Efektif Saat Aktivitas Olahraga Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Basket SMPN 05 Malang

Physical activity is a form of physical movement that results from the body's systems, one of which is the musculoskeletal system. Physical activity requires energy expenditure in the process. One of physical activity that is often done is exercise. High levels of activity can cause muscle fatigue, tissue damage, pain and discomfort. Proper and effective exercise preparation can have an effect on improving body health such as blood circulation, metabolism, and increasing muscle strength and work. One of important exercise preparation is stretching. Stretching exercises that are carried out well and regularly have benefits in maintaining and improving quality and increasing the flexibility of the body.

Edukasi Aktivitas Fisik Pada Ibu Hamil Di Desa Singopuran Melalui Media Audio Visual

Physical activity is any body movements produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. Physical activity that can affect hemoglobin levels is in severe physical activity. This activity was held on May 26, 2023 at Singopuran Village Hall, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java using audio visuals namely Power Point, X-Banner, and Video of Physical Activity. The results obtained from activities in this community are pregnant women can add insight into the knowledge of physical activity through education using audio visuals namely PPT, X-Banner, and Video of Physical Activity Proven from increasing the evaluation value carried out. The conclusion is that the use of audio visual media has a very good impact in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about physical activity

ENHANCE YOUR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PHYSIOLOGICAL WAY TO REMAIN HEALTHY

Human lives are becoming increasingly sedentary because of the use of motorized transport, mechanized lifestyle and the increased use of screens for work, education and recreation. There has been no improvement in global levels of physical activity since 2001. Insufficient activity increased by 5% (from 31.6% to 36.8%) in high-income countries between 2001 and 2016. The economic burden of physical inactivity is large. From an economic perspective, physical inactivity costs are as high as $53.8 billion worldwide, of which Pakistan alone bears the amount of $198.5 million. WHO defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. The World Health Organization recommends, for adults aged 18-64 years, to undertake i. at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity throughout the week, or ii. at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity throughout the week, or iii. perform an equivalent combination of both forms of physical activity. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things people can do to improve their health. Moving more and sitting less have tremendous benefits for everyone, regardless of age, sex, race, ethnicity, or current fitness level. Keywords: Exercise, physical activity, physical inactivity chronic diseases, economic burden

Relationship Of Physical Activity With Sleep Quality In Class XI Students Of SMA Kharisma Bangsa And View Of Islam

Background: Sleep quality is a measure by which individuals find it easier to initiate sleep and maintain sleep. As many as 63% of Indonesian teenager’s sleep quality is not met. One of the factors that affect the quality of sleep is physical activity. Physical activity is defined as any activity produced by skeletal muscles and requires energy expenditure. In Indonesia, the proportion of physical activity aged >10 years classified as less active in general is 26.1 percent. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and the quality of class XI students at SMA Kharisma Bangsa.Methods: This type of research is analytic with a cross sectional approach and the method of determining the sample is simple random sampling. The sample in this study were students of class XI SMA Kharisma Bangsa with a total of 51 students.Results: From the results of statistical analysis, 22 (43.1%) respondents with physical activity did light physical activity with 3 (5.9%) of them having good sleep quality and 19 (37.3%) respondents having poor sleep quality; 17 (17.9%) respondents did moderate physical activity with 8(15.7%) having good sleep quality and 9 (17.6%) having poor sleep quality; 12 (23.5%) did strenuous physical activity with 9 (17.6%) of them having good sleep quality and 3 (5.9%) having poor sleep quality. The results of the Chi-Square test showed a p-value of 0.002 (<0.05) which indicated a relationship between physical activity and sleep quality for students of class XI SMA Kharisma Bangsa.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and sleep quality in class XI students of SMA Kharisma Bangsa. The advice that can be given is to maintain the quality of sleep by doing enough physical activity

Gambaran Aktivitas Fisik Remaja Selama Pembelajaran Daring di SMK Kesehatan Citra Medika Sukoharjo

Physical activity is a body movement produced by muscles that requires energy expenditure, including activities performed while playing, working, engaging in recreational activities, and doing household chores. Adolescence is a period of self-transition from children to adults in the age range of 10-19 years and is a period of growth and development that is quite meaningful physically, biologically, psychologically, and intellectually. The change in the learning system to online during the pandemic caused a decrease in activity. Objective: To identify the characteristics of physical activity and the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning at Citra Medika Health Vocational School Sukoharjo. This type of research is descriptive retrospective with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all students of class X and XI SMK Kesehatan Citra Medika Sukoharjo. Data collection techniques using the Physical Activity Questioner-Addolenst (PAQ-A) questionnaire. sample selection using Stratified Random Sampling technique. The results of the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning at Citra Medika Health Vocational School Sukoharjo had a light physical activity level of 176 students (93.1%) and a moderate activity level of 13 students (6.9%). Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the level of physical activity of adolescents during online learning was light.

Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour on Physical Activity Intention among Secondary School Teachers of Nepal.

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle which requires energy expenditure is known as physical activity (PA). WHO has recommended that at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA or a combination of both per week is required for health benefits. Physical inactivity is one of the strongest risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other conditions and is attributable to 6% of global premature death. However, data on the PA of teachers are unavailable in Nepal. They are considered one of the risk groups for NCDs because of the less active nature of their job. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour on PA intention among secondary school teachers in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. For this study, we recruited 126 teachers from 6 schools. Each intervention and control group contained three randomly selected secondary schools. All the teachers from the selected schools were enrolled in the respective groups. A quasiexperimental (pretest-posttest control group) study design was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention on attitude, behaviour control, subjective norms, and intention for engaging in regular PA. Both groups underwent baseline and follow-up assessments at four weeks using the self-administered questionnaire developed for this study. The intervention group delivered a one-hour lecture session supported by audio-video materials for PA promotion. The effect was analysed by comparing the changes in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs within and between intervention and control groups. The difference in scores between and within the groups was tested using Student's t-test. Adjusted difference-in-difference scores were calculated through linear regression. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0. The adjusted mean score increase in TPB constructs due to the interaction of time and intervention increased from 0.641 to 1.381. The highest gain (beta = 1.381) was seen in the intention score, while a minor improvement was seen in perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.641). After the intervention, the net increase in PA intention score was 9.35% compared to the control group. Thus, the promotion package was effective in increasing PA intention. The findings of this study and educational package could be helpful in encouraging teachers to engage in PA in other schools.

Transforming waiting pauses into opportunity for physical activity: the "Activate your Wait" pilot study.

Physical activity is recognized as a major health determinant. However, the prevalence of inactivity can be as high as 80% in some adult subpopulations. From the urgent need to implement strategies to fight sedentary behaviour, considering that physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure, the pilot study "Activate your Wait" was born. The project aim is to transform waiting pauses during everyday life into opportunities to perform simple stretching and active mobilization exercises. The pilot study was carried out in 2019 at Terme S. Egidio (Italy). It was divided in three phases: in the pre-intervention a questionnaire was used to evaluate the interest in the project (96 responders); during the intervention, examples of simple exercises that people can do by themselves were illustrated and undertaken by about 120 participants; in the post-intervention an evaluation questionnaire was administered (71 responders). The intervention aroused enthusiastic participation and high approval and resulted in an increase both in willingness to perform exercises during daily waiting pauses (68% vs 94%) and belief in positive results of physical activity on health (74% vs 96%). In a context where the opportunities for physical activity are decreasing and a sedentary lifestyle has reached a high level, this project represents a contribution to the increase in the awareness of the importance of physical activity and the promotion of the culture of movement in the entire population, with an opportunity of easy accessibility in different contexts of life, at all ages.

Nerve Conduction and Surface Electromyography of Physically Active Healthy Medical Undergraduates of Nepal

Introduction: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Nerve conduction studies and surface EMG provides a comprehensive evaluation of nerve, muscle or neuromuscular impairment. However, such studies are mostly done on professional athletes. Methods: Healthy physically active (n=17) and non-active (n=17) medical undergraduate students from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal were enrolled in the study using convenient sampling technique. Anthropometric and motor nerve conduction parameters of common peroneal nerves and surface EMG of gastrocnemius muscle were recorded using standard technique in Neurophysiology Lab II, BPKIHS. Descriptive analysis was done. Unpaired t-test was applied for comparing the nerve conduction and surface EMG variables between the groups. Pearson’s correlation was applied between anthropometric and nerve conduction & surface EMG variables. Objectives: To compare nerve conduction parameters of common peroneal nerve and surface EMG of Gastrocnemius muscle between active and non-active individuals. Results: The distal and proximal amplitudes of left common peroneal nerve were significantly higher in physically active compared to non-active individuals (LCPDA-p value: 0.026, LCPPA-p value: 0.009). Anthropometric parameters showed significant correlation with nerve conduction parameters. Conclusion: Nerve conduction parameters are affected in the physically active individuals. Anthropometric variables showed significant relation with the nerve conduction parameters. Keywords: Nerve Conduction Velocity, Surface Electromyography, Peroneal Nerve, Gastrocnemius.

The Level and Factors Differentiating the Physical Fitness of Adolescents Passively and Actively Resting in South-Eastern Poland-A Pilot Study.

Physical activity (PA) is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Due to civilization’s development, we can observe a global decline in physical activity which negatively affects the state of physical and mental health. The physical activity of children and adolescents is a counterpart to their physical fitness. There is also more frequent spending of free time in a passive way rather than actively. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are differences in the physical fitness of young people who rest passively in relation to those who rest actively. In addition, it was checked whether factors, such as age, weight, body height and BMI differentiate the level of fitness in adolescents. Study group: 25 boys and 25 girls declaring active leisure activities. Control group: 25 boys and 25 girls declaring passive leisure activities. Age of the respondents ranged from 11 to 15 years (Me = 13; SD = 1.23). The research used: the author’s questionnaire and the Index of Physical Fitness of K. Zuchora. The results were statistically developed. The youth who spend their free time actively were characterised by a higher level of physical fitness than their peers who choose passive recreation. The students with a higher BMI obtained worse results than the children with a lower body mass index. In both groups, slightly better results were obtained by girls. A significant relationship between age and results has been observed in the control group—the results increased with increasing age. The level of physical fitness is higher in active forms of recreation than in passive rest. Physical fitness tends to increase with age but decreases with increasing BMI. Girls are characterised by a higher level of physical fitness than boys.

157-OR: High-Fat–Diet Feeding Disrupts Thermal Responsiveness of AgRP Neurons

To defend energy homeostasis in the cold requires energy expenditure (to support thermogenesis) and energy intake increase, enabling core temperature to be maintained with no change to body fat stores. When acutely housed at a mild cold (14°C) , mice increase both food intake and heat production rapidly (∼minutes) , and these responses occur in parallel. We hypothesized a role for Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in this response and find their activity is regulated by thermal sensory input, and they increase activity, measured by Fos induction and fiber photometry, upon cold sensation, and reduce activity as sensed temperatures rise. By inhibiting AgRP neurons during acute cold exposure, we also find this increase in AgRP neuron activity is required for the hyperphagic response to cold. Recent evidence found high-fat diet (HFD) feeding reduced AgRP neuron responsiveness to gastric hormones and standard chow diet presentation, and we hypothesized that their response to thermal input might also be blunted. We find that although 12-week HFD-fed mice exhibit intact thermogenic responses to cold and defend a normal core body temperature, they fail to increase energy intake and consequently experience weight loss not observed in chow-fed controls. This uncoupling of energy intake from energy expenditure is present even after a shorter, 2-week exposure to HFD-feeding, implying a role for diet separate from obesity in the phenotype. Using Agrp-Cre/GFP marker mice, we find acute cold exposure rapidly induces Fos in chow-fed mice, but this response is lacking in HFD-fed mice. This effect correlates with a failure to increase hypothalamic Agrp mRNA even after five days of mild cold exposure. Using photometry to measure AgRP neuron calcium activity, we find activity changes associated with thermal input, both cold and warm, are blunted with HFD feeding. Further testing will determine exactly how the food intake response to cold has become uncoupled from other thermoregulatory responses across the development of obesity. Disclosure J.D.Deem: None. T.P.Doan: None. B.N.Phan: None. K.Ogimoto: None. S.J.W.Hu: None. B.Wu: None. M.W.Schwartz: None. G.J.Morton: Research Support; Novo Nordisk A/S. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-19-PDF-103) ; NIDDK (K01 DK126793) , NIDDK (DK089056) , NIDDK (DK124238) , NIDDK (DK035816) , NIDA (P30 DA048736) , NIDDK (DK035816) , NIDDK (DK17047)

Relationship between Optimisim and Resilience and Level of Physical Activity among General Population of Aurangabad: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Physical activity is a voluntary body movement which requires energy expenditure. Optimism makes an individual more resilient so if adversity strikes and the person has an upbeat attitude towards life, it is likely that an individual may bounce back stronger as before. The capacity to change or adjust to various situations may or may not depend on the level of physical activity and optimism in one’s life. The current study is aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity, optimism and resilience among general population of Aurangabad.
 Methods: This cross sectional study had a total of 531 respondents from across the city, out of which 228 were willing to participate. It included individuals from a age group of 18-52 years, of varying occupation.
 Outcome Measures: Three scales were used specifically. Life Orientation Test (LOT) was used to measure optimism. Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was used to evaluate resilience and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure the physical activity among the individuals.
 Results: The results were calculated using statistical tests. Chi-square test was used to find association between physical activity and optimism. The results showed a positive correlation between physical activity and optimism with a p value of > 0.05. The relation between optimism and resilience was calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
 Conclusion: The study signifies a strong positive correlation between optimism, resilience and physical activity among general population of Aurangabad. The study also concludes a positive correlation between optimism and resilience.

The Relationship between Physical Activity and FEV1/FVC in Asthmatics

Background: Physical activity is any body movement that requires energy expenditure. Minimum physical activities per day can bring good impact for asthmatic patients (e.g.,reduce asthma symptoms). Many asthmatic patients limit their physical activity, so they tend to be inactive.Aim: To analyze the relationship between physical activity level and FEV1/FVC in asthmatics.Material and methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The number of participants in this study was 16 respondents (13 females and 3 males) who were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variable in this study is levels of physical activity and the dependent variable is FEV1/FVC values. This study study used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form and spirometry test. The data were analyzed with Spearman's rho test.Result: There was a strong association between levels of physical activity with FEV1/FVC values (p=0,012).Conclusions: Increasing level of physical activity in asthmatics can improve their lung function showed by increased FEV1/FVC values.

Low-Intensity Exercise Modulates Gut Microbiota to Fight Against Radiation-Induced Gut Toxicity in Mouse Models.

Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) tract toxicity halts radiotherapy and degrades the prognosis of cancer patients. Physical activity defined as “any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that requires energy expenditure” is a beneficial lifestyle modification for health. Here, we investigate whether walking, a low-intensity form of exercise, could alleviate intestinal radiation injury. Short-term (15 days) walking protected against radiation-induced GI tract toxicity in both male and female mice, as judged by longer colons, denser intestinal villi, more goblet cells, and lower expression of inflammation-related genes in the small intestines. High-throughput sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that walking restructured the gut microbiota configuration, such as elevated Akkermansia muciniphila, and reprogramed the gut metabolome of irradiated mice. Deletion of gut flora erased the radioprotection of walking, and the abdomen local irradiated recipients who received fecal microbiome from donors with walking treatment exhibited milder intestinal toxicity. Oral gavage of A. muciniphila mitigated the radiation-induced GI tract injury. Importantly, walking did not change the tumor growth after radiotherapy. Together, our findings provide novel insights into walking and underpin that walking is a safe and effective form to protect against GI syndrome of patients with radiotherapy without financial burden in a preclinical setting.