Request For Revision Research Articles

DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS: INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE: I. APPLICATION FOR REVISION OF THE JUDGMENT OF 11 JULY 1996 IN THE CASE CONCERNING APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA v YUGOSLAVIA), PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS (YUGOSLAVIA v BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA), JUDGMENT OF 3 FEBRUARY 2003

In its judgment of 3 February 2003, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) declared the application submitted by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) for revision of its 1996 judgment concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, inadmissible.1The Court found that the request for revision was not based on the ‘discovery’ of a ‘fact’ and, therefore, one of the conditions of Article 61 of the Statute of the Court was not satisfied. This commentary will appraise the decision by examining the formal and substantive criteria for revision, a rather neglected and underused process.2

Extended Semantics and Optimization Algorithms for CP‐Networks

Preference elicitation is a serious bottleneck in many decision support applications and agent specification tasks. Ceteris paribus (CP)‐nets were designed to make the process of preference elicitation simpler and more intuitive for lay users by graphically structuring a set of CP preference statements—preference statements that most people find natural and intuitive. Beside their usefulness in the process of preference elicitation, CP‐nets support efficient optimization algorithms that are crucial in most applications (e.g., the selection of the best action to execute or the best product configuration). In various contexts, CP‐nets with an underlying cyclic structure emerge naturally. Often, they are inconsistent according to the current semantics, and the user is required to revise them. In this paper, we show how optimization queries can be meaningfully answered in many “inconsistent” networks without troubling the user with requests for revisions. In addition, we describe a method for focusing the user's revision process when revisions are truly needed. In the process, we provide a formal semantics that justifies our approach and new techniques for computing optimal outcomes. Some of the methods we use are based on a reduction to the problem of computing stable models for nonmonotonic logic programs, and we explore this relationship closely.

Responding to Reviewers' Comments

Responding to Reviewers' Comments

Nonparametric Estimation of a Mixing Density via the Kernel Method

Editor's note: This manuscript was first submitted in May 1996, and a first review with a request for revision was completed in September 1996. Costas Goutis lost his life in a scuba diving accident in July 1996. The associate editor, Jianqing Fan, graciously offered to carry out the required revisions. This article presents a method for estimating the latent distribution of a mixture model. The method is motivated by the standard kernel density estimation, but instead of using an estimate based on the unobserved latent variables, it takes the expectation with respect to their distribution conditional on the data. The resulting estimator is continuous and hence appropriate when there is a strong belief in the continuity of the mixing distribution. An asymptotic justification is presented, and the associated computational problems are discussed. The method is illustrated by an example of fission track analysis in which the density of the age of crystals is estimated.

Nonparametric Estimation of a Mixing Density via the Kernel Method

Abstract Editor's note: This manuscript was first submitted in May 1996, and a first review with a request for revision was completed in September 1996. Costas Goutis lost his life in a scuba diving accident in July 1996. The associate editor, Jianqing Fan, graciously offered to carry out the required revisions. This article presents a method for estimating the latent distribution of a mixture model. The method is motivated by the standard kernel density estimation, but instead of using an estimate based on the unobserved latent variables, it takes the expectation with respect to their distribution conditional on the data. The resulting estimator is continuous and hence appropriate when there is a strong belief in the continuity of the mixing distribution. An asymptotic justification is presented, and the associated computational problems are discussed. The method is illustrated by an example of fission track analysis in which the density of the age of crystals is estimated.

Introduction: From product to process: Legacy of the problem-solving approach to writing

A 1993 cartoon from Wiley's Non Sequitur depicts Thomas Jefferson considering alternative openings for the Declaration of Independence. Alternatives range from "We the really ticked-off people" to "Yo, tax this," and the caption reads "Before eloquence there are rough drafts." Posted on the door of my office, the cartoon sends a message to students complaining about my revision requests; however, the message for me is more personal. The cartoon reminds me of my days teaching freshman composition, when I dissected the Declaration of Independence for my students as an exemplar of an argument essay, sent them off to write their own arguments, and then viewed with dismay their inability to write persuasive arguments. The cartoon emphasizes the writing process, whereas I, the writing teacher, had emphasized only the written product. Emphasis on the writing process is so widely accepted today that it is difficult for some to imagine how recently the idea was novel. It is an overstatement to claim that the study of writing as a cognitive process began with the publication of Hayes and Flower's process model in Gregg and Steinberg's (1980) edited volume, Cognitive Processes in Writing. Prior to that time, process-oriented arguments had come from rhetoric and composition researchers (e.g., Britton, 1970; Britton, Burgess, Martin, McLeod, and Rosen, 1975; Moffett, 1968a,b; Emig, 1971; see Nystrand, Greene, and Wiemelt, 1993, for a historical review), and Flower and Hayes (1977) had already published in the journal College English. Still, the publication of Cognitive Processes in Writing, containing seminal chapters by Hayes and Flower (1980; Flower and Hayes, 1980) as well as Bereiter (1980), broke new ground within psychology. Just as the area of composition studies had

From Idea to Publication

Publishing in lay and professional journals is essential to a practice profession such as nursing. The process of publishing an article begins with a focused idea, aimed at a specific audience, transmitted through a particular journal. To actually write the body of the article, authors must complete a library search, develop topic and supporting sentences within an organized outline, and create companion tables and figures to further explain the content. Responding appropriately to acceptance, rejection, or request for revision of the manuscript is key to eventually seeing the article in print.

Avoiding the Question Approach: Making Direct Comments in Manuscript Reviews

Some reviewers place questions to the author in their manuscript reviews. These questions leave the author uncertain about what to do to revise the manuscript. Reviewers who provide clear directions, instead of posing questions, help the author revise the manuscript and assist the editor in obtaining a quality manuscript for publication. This article provides tips for reviewers and authors on writing or using comments on the manuscript.

Exception Handling in Ada-94

This paper is intended as a study of the new Ada features about exceptions, as compared to the initial requests of the Ada community. We have only considered :•the initial requests, summarized in the document "Ada 9X Revision Requests • August 1989".•the requirements of the project managing team, built from the users' requests, expressed by the document "Ada-9X Requirements • December 1990".•the final draft standard submitted to ISO ballot "Reference Manual for the Programming Language Ada • Version 5.0 • June 1994".•and the corresponding "Rationale".No attempt at a historical view on intermediate stages has been made.Some comments, suggestions of use and relations to concepts follow. However, it should be clear that exceptions remain a language feature which is suitable for implementing operation reports, and that the problems and difficulties raised by the general report concept are not considered here in full depth, but only as a survey of a few useful principles.Note: this paper is not targeted to Ada lawyers, but rather to programmers who ask what is new with exceptions.

A caution in the evaluation of scar revision

A request for scar revision or correction of a cutaneous defect is common. Some patients request surgery for a cutaneous disease when, in fact, medical treatment is appropriate. Most patients when so informed accept proper treatment. However, some persist in their desire for surgery and are convinced that this is the only effective treatment. Nonhealing cutaneous processes or diseases and unstable, hypertrophic, contracted, or depressed scars are problems for which surgical correction may be appropriate. Surgical correction in patients with unrealistic or illusory expectations should be avoided. Patients with self-induced disease may benefit from a psychotherapeutic program ifthey are compliant with this mode of treatment. 1 However, improper motivations and lack of insight can complicate diagnosis and therapy. We discuss two patients in whom surgical scar revision would be inappropriate.

Developing a Positive Perspective about Feedback

Developing a Positive Perspective about Feedback

Dynamic priorities, priority scheduling and priority inheritance

Scheduling requirements are a major portion of the set of requirements that must be addressed by the Ada 9X Project. This is evident by the numerous Revision Requests (RRs) submitted (over 25) to the Ada 9X Project Office and the subsequent Revision Issues (RI-7005 and RI-7007). The related 9X requirements are: R1 - Flexible scheduling R2 - Flexible entry queue ordering IR2 - Rendezvous performance IR3 - Extended priority support WR1 - Flexible select algorithm This report summarizes the workshop's discussions on this important area. The discussions first considered dynamic priorities, and then priority scheduling and priority inheritance.

Temporal changes in word revisions by children and adults.

A study was conducted to investigate the temporal changes that occur when a speaker attempts to revise words for a listener. Specifically, the study was designed to examine whether adults and children modify the timing of vowel and consonant production in response to listener miscomprehension. Four adults and sixteen 5-year-old boys and girls served as subjects. They were asked to repeat words that differed in voicing of initial and final stop consonants (back, pack, cab, cap), and to respond to either specific revision requests focused on initial or final sound segments, or to a general revision request. The speech waveform was used to measure the following: Voice Onset Time, vowel duration, final closure duration, and total word duration. Results revealed that children and adults made segmental changes in duration while preserving total word length in revised speech. The effect was a decrease in vowel duration and an increase in final closure duration for revised responses, regardless of the source of miscomprehension. These durational changes result in an apparent enhancement of the final consonantal portion of the misperceived word. All linguistic distinctions in voicing were maintained in the revised words. There were no major differences between adults and children in the type of revision responses produced.

The Role of a New Machine

Casual inspection of the several hundred papers that arrive atThe Journaleach month reveals that about a third of them have obviously been produced on a word processor. Interestingly, a larger fraction of manuscripts from university-affiliated researchers are prepared with the help of computer software, bespeaking the availability of word processing equipment at those institutions. Besides the ease of initial preparation of the manuscript, word processing allows authors to respond to editors' and reviewers' requests for revision with just a few strategic keystrokes. Not only has word processing reduced the quantity of typing necessary to prepare a manuscript, but it has also improved the quality of the writing. Many authors state that they are no longer limited to one or two drafts of their work; word processing has given them the opportunity to polish the paper a dozen times over. Despite the fact that medical publications have gone electronic,

Acoustic characteristics of children's elicited word revisions

A study was conducted to determine whether five‐year old children and adults modify the timing of vowel and consonant production after a listener indicates that their word production is unclear. Subjects were asked to repeat words contrasting in initial or final consonant voicing (back, pack, cab, and cap), and to respond either to specific requests for revision focused on initial or final sound segments, or to a general revision request. Productions of target words were also obtained before any revision requests were posed. Results, based on oscillographic measurements, revealed that both groups of subjects: (a) preserved original work duration in all revision conditions, but altered temporal aspects of component phonemes; (b) generally shortened vowel duration but lengthened the duration of final consonant closure; and (c) maintained the same VOT distributions. Results indicate that young children are in fact responsive to adult requests for clarification, even at the phonetic level. Results also suggest that five‐year olds can modify temporal parameters of their speech as a revision strategy.

Request for revision of the 1964 Code to permit valid emendation of certain -ii endings of patronyms. Z.N. (S.) 1913

Request for revision of the 1964 Code to permit valid emendation of certain -ii endings of patronyms. Z.N. (S.) 1913

Request for revision of the part of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature relating to the function of conservation of names. Z.N. (S). 1734

Request for revision of the part of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature relating to the function of conservation of names. Z.N. (S). 1734

Request for revision of certain definitions in the 1961 Code

Request for revision of certain definitions in the 1961 Code

Request for revision of the 1961 Code to include directives relative to nomina dubia

Request for revision of the 1961 Code to include directives relative to nomina dubia

Case No. 10. Request for revision of Articles 68 and 69 on Type-fixation for genera (Z.N. (S.) 1555)

Case No. 10. Request for revision of Articles 68 and 69 on Type-fixation for genera (Z.N. (S.) 1555)