Reproductive Group Research Articles

Internet use, spatial variation and its determinants among reproductive age women in Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Internet is the preferred source of health information for retrieving relevant information. In Ethiopia, the Internet penetration rate is improving year to year, but it is still at a low level compared to the rest of the world and neighboring African countries. Due to a lack of adequate information, it is important to assess Internet use, spatial variation, and determinants of Internet use among reproductive-age group women in Ethiopia.MethodSecondary data from EDHS 2016 were used to analyze 15,683 women aged 15–49 years. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.7. The Bernoulli model was used by applying Kuldorff’s methods using SaTScan 10.1.2 software to analyze the purely spatial clusters of Internet use. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was applied to estimate community variance to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with Internet use. All models were fitted in STATA version 17.0, and finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported.ResultThe magnitude of Internet use was 4.97% ± 95% CI (4.63–5.32). The overall average age of women was 24.21 ± 8.06 years, with the age range 15–24 years constituting the larger group (39.2%). Women with secondary and above education [AOR = 6.47; 95% CI (5.04, 8.31)], unmarried [AOR = 2.60; 95% CI (1.89, 3.56)], rich [AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.00, 3.80)], own a mobile phone [AOR = 3.74; 95% CI (2.75, 5.09)], media exposure [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI (2.03, 3.42)], and urban [AOR = 1.80; 95% CI (1.08, 3.01)] had higher odds of Internet use. The spatial variation in Internet use was found to be nonrandom (global Moran’s I = 0.58, p value < 0.001). Fifty-seven primary clusters were identified that were located in Addis Ababa city with a relative likelihood of 10.24 and a log-likelihood ratio of 425.16.ConclusionsInternet use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia is 4.97 and has significant spatial variation across the country. Both community- and individual-level factors affect Internet use in Ethiopia. Therefore, educating women, improving access to media, encouraging women to use family planning, and supporting household wealth could improve women’s Internet use.

Exploring Morphometry of Endometrial Glands and Blood Vessels in Reproductive Age Women With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

Background Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common problems encountered in gynaecological practice. Defective endometrial angiogenesis has been implicated in various benign and malignant disorders of the endometrium. Aim This study aims to assess morphometry of endometrial glands and blood vessels in patients with AUB. Material and methods This is a one year retrospective cross sectional analysis of endometrial samples received with the diagnosis of AUB in reproductive age group. All samples were routinely processed and stained. Sections were analysed for morphometry of blood vessels and endometrial glands. Results A total of 374 cases were included. Most common histological group was proliferative followed by secretory phase. A significant difference was noted in mean vascular density, diameter, mitotic scores and height of glandular epithelium in different benign and malignant groups. Conclusion This study highlights the fact that glandular and vascular morphometry can be used to differentiate between various proliferative disorders of the endometrium. In the current era of new anti-angiogenic therapies, endometrial angiogenesis and changes in vascular morphology can be targeted, thus improving treatment modalities and patient care.

Episiotomy Scar Endometriosis — A Rare Presentation

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a benign disorder defined as presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the normal location. Perineal scar endometriosis, at the episiotomy scar site, is a very rare entity occurring in only about 0.03–0.15%¹ CASE STUDIES: Two cases of episiotomy scar endometriosis in perineum reported in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Apollo KH hospital at different time period have been discussed in this article. CONCLUSION:Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting women in reproductive age group. Episiotomy scar endometriosis is a rare entity requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Treatment of choice for perineal scar endometriosis is surgical excision with wide margins. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity

Pap smear: A preventive approach to screening, diagnosis and management of cervical abnormalities at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women accounting for 17.7% among all cancers in women. A major contributing factor to the high incidence of the disease in developing countries is due to the lack of efficient screening programmes. The Papanicolaou smear has been well utilized for initial screening of cervical epithelial alterations in order to identify pre-cancerous lesions. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among women who visited gynecological out patient department over 6 months for clinical problem. Pap smear of 600 gynaecology patients of age group 21-60 years were collected. The patients with abnormal epithelial lesions were subjected to cervical punch biopsy. The variables were expressed as frequency and percentages. Results: It was noted that out of the 600 women who had Pap smear screenings, 124 of them had abnormal results. The study participants were divided into two age groups: 43.67% and 30%, respectively, with the 31–40 year old age group coming in first. The majority of them (87.17%) experienced vaginal discharge, and 62.67% reported experiencing abdominal pain. Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) accounted for 38.70% of the epithelial cell abnormalities, followed by Bacterial vaginosis (24.19%) and Trichomonas vaginosis (12.91%). Conclusion: Thus, we draw the conclusion that every woman in the reproductive age group should have a Pap smear test performed because it is an extremely helpful, easy, affordable, and safe method of identifying pre-cancerous cervical epithelial abnormalities.

Effect of scaling on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and periodontal parameters in systemically healthy women of reproductive age group with gingivitis.

Varying levels of sex hormones across the menstrual cycle in young systemically healthy females may alter tissue responses to plaque, resulting in increased gingival inflammation. Also, higher severity and prevalence of gingivitis has been demonstrated in adult women than men, attributed to hormonal changes. Further, it has been reported that gingivitis raises the levels of systemic inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein. This interventional trial aimed to evaluate the effect of supragingival scaling on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels along with periodontal parameters in systemically healthy women of reproductive age with natural gingivitis. In total, 57 women of reproductive age were enrolled into two groups. The test group (n &#61; 30) comprised systemically healthy women with gingivitis who received supragingival scaling. The control group (n &#61; 27) included systemically and periodontally healthy women. Periodontal parameters (Gingival Index, Plaque Index, pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing) and serum hsCRP levels were recorded at baseline for both the groups. Follow-up of test group participants was done at 3 and 6 months. Serum hsCRP and periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group at baseline, and this decreased significantly after treatment in the test group at the 6-month follow-up (P ≤ .05). Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, and hsCRP in the test group at 6 months were reduced to the baseline levels of systemically and periodontally healthy women. Treatment of gingival inflammation can help in lowering the systemic and local inflammation to the levels of systemically and periodontally healthy women.

Burden and Predictors of Anemia Among Pregnant and Lactating Females in a Rural Area in India With a High Tribal Population.

Introduction Nutritional anemia is a silent emergency particularly rampant in developing countries, especially among women of reproductive age group. This study was done with the objective to determine the prevalence and predictors of anemia among pregnant and lactating females in the Ormanjhi block of Ranchi district, Jharkhand. Methodology A community-based cross-sectional study was done on 388 pregnant and lactating females from July 2022 to June 2024 using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire containing different sections namely socio-demographic details, dietary history, menstrual history, obstetric history, antenatal history, medical history, behavioral history, and personal history was used. House-to-house visits were done for the collection of data. To estimate the prevalence, hemoglobin levels were analyzed using adigital hemoglobinometer. Results The overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant and lactating females was found to be 361 (93%) among 388 participants. Prevalence among pregnant females was 295 (92.76%) out of 318, and among lactating females, it was 66(94.28%) out of 70. The prevalence of anemia in the first trimester was 80 (80.45%) out of 87, 112 (94.91%) in the second trimester among 118, and 103 (91.15%) among113females in the third trimester. Conclusion There are concerns about stagnancy in the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy despite strong political commitments. A baseline data is generated from this study giving a clear picture of the exact prevalence and the predictors of anemia among pregnant and lactating females. This would help the policymakers to make warranted modifications imperative to improve the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and hence the children.

Need to go Beyond Iron Supplementation for ’Anaemia Mukt Bharat’ amongst Children Under 19 Years – An Ecological Study

Abstract Introduction: Anaemia remains a prevalent issue in India, especially amongst the reproductive age group. This study was conducted to assess the contribution of micronutrient deficiencies beyond iron to this problem. Materials and Methods: Using data from the Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey 2016–2018 and key indicators from the Anaemia Mukt Bharat programme, we evaluated the role of micronutrient deficiencies in anaemia prevalence. Results: Our findings indicate that deficiencies in Vitamin A, B12, D, Zinc and folate significantly contribute to anaemia prevalence. In addition, the coverage of iron supplementation was low across many states and union territories. Conclusions: The current strategy of iron supplementation alone is insufficient. A broader approach, including multiple micronutrient supplementations, is necessary. The implementation of the AMB programme requires introspection with a focus on consistent drug supply and behavioural change campaigns in schools and Anganwadis.

Vaginal cytomorphological profile in correlating suicidal deaths in medicolegal autopsy cases

Objectives: Vaginal cytology is a sensitive method for assessing women’s hormonal status, showing variations in menstrual cycle phases. Studies suggest a higher rate of female suicides during the luteal phase. This study aimed to link vaginal cytomorphological profiles with the manner of death and age of the deceased. Materials and Methods: Vaginal smears from 64 autopsy cases were microscopically examined for maturation index (MI) and value, reflecting hormonal profiles. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA between the mean of maturation value with manner of death was found to be significant. Results: Among the 48 suicides, 54.2% showed predominantly intermediate cells in the luteal phase, indicating a mid-zone shift in the MI. The remaining 16 non-suicidal cases showed fewer intermediate cells. Suicides shared a similar cytological profile and MI, especially in the reproductive age group. Conclusions: While vaginal smears are typically used in sexual assault cases to detect sperm, they also offer insights into women’s hormonal profiles. Understanding these profiles could provide clues about psychological status and its relation to the manner of death beyond sexual assault.

To identify the risk factors of poly cystic ovarian disease [PCOD] among women in reproductive age group at selected areas of puducherry –A case control study

To identify the risk factors of poly cystic ovarian disease [PCOD] among women in reproductive age group at selected areas of puducherry –A case control study

Deciphering the Sex gap in global life expectancy: the impact of female-specific cancers 1990-2019.

Females live longer than males, which results in a sex gap in life expectancy. This study examines the contribution of female cancers to this differential by world region and country 1990-2019 with special focus to the 15-69 age group. Cause-specific mortality data for 30 cancers, including four female-specific cancers from 238 countries and territories was retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Using life table techniques and demographic decomposition analysis, we estimated the contribution of cancer deaths to the sex gap in life expectancy by age and calendar period. At ages 15-69, females had a higher life expectancy than males in 2019. Countries with the largest sex gaps or the largest female advantage in life expectancy were in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Latin America and Southern Africa. In contrast, countries with the smallest sex gaps were mainly located in Northern Africa, Northern America, and Northern Europe. The contribution of female-specific cancers to sex gaps in life expectancy were largely negative, ranging from -0.15 years in the Western Pacific to -0.26 years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, implying that the disproportionately higher premature cancer mortality among females contributed to a reduction in the female life expectancy advantage. Female-specific cancers are important determinants of sex gaps in life expectancy. Their negative impact on life expectancy at working and reproductive age groups has far-reaching consequences for society. Increasing the availability and access to prevention, screening, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment can reduce this gap.

Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in self-collected samples among women attending antenatal care in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in Ethiopia. However, data are limited on the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Self-sampled vaginal lavages were obtained consecutively from 783 women attending 7 health facilities across Ethiopia. Genotype prevalence was assessed by Multiplex-Papillomavirus-Genotyping which detects and individually identifies 51 genotypes and 3 subtypes. Genotype-specific prevalence was described and associations with known risk factors were analysed. The overall HPV prevalence (age range 18-45) was 33.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29.8-36.4). The prevalence of HPV was different in the rural and urban population with 17.6% (95%CI 11.6-23.7) and 36.8% (95%CI 33.1-40.6) (p < 0.001 chi-square test), respectively. The most common high-risk types were HPV 16 (6.6%), followed by HPV 52 (4.3%), 51 and 39 (both 2.9%). Urban women compared to rural women had a higher risk of being HPV positive (odds ratio 2.36 (95% CI 1.47-3.79; p < 0.001). Age at sexual debut ≤15 years and polygamous husband (in urban women) also increased the risk of being HPV positive nearly two-fold. The high prevalence of hr-HPV in Ethiopian women in the reproductive age group shows the need for screening programs. The nonavalent HPV vaccine covers the most prevalent hr-HPV genotypes as found in this study and can therefore be used effectively. Since antenatal care is the best-utilised health service, implementing self-sampled vaginal lavage could be an opportunity for screening in this age group. Screening algorithms and triage still need to be defined to avoid over-treatment in these women.

Imaging Features of Female Genital Tuberculosis and its Mimics

AbstractTuberculosis involving the female genital tract causes significant morbidity in women in the reproductive age group, where it is often associated with infertility. The fallopian tube is the most common part to be affected by the disease. Since female genital tuberculosis is a paucibacillary disease, organisms are often not detected. Therefore, multimodality imaging features play an important role in the diagnosis. A gamut of radiological investigations including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, and cross-sectional modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are available in the evaluation of disease. The key imaging differentials vary depending upon the part of the genital tract affected. This review will discuss the imaging appearances of tuberculosis of the female genital tract on various imaging modalities and their differential diagnosis.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Numerous studies have examined whether vitamin D is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Nevertheless, it is still challenging to determine the causality, due to a number of shortcomings in observational research and randomized controlled trials. Mendelian randomization (MR) with two samples was conducted to investigate the potential causative association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and GDM risk. Publicly accessible summary data from independent cohorts were used for two-sample MR. For 25(OH)D, we obtained data from UK Biobank, IEU and EBI, then performed a meta-analysis to enhance the statistical power (via METAL); for VDBP, data were obtained from the INTERVAL study; for GDM, data were obtained from FinnGen. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was performed as the main analysis, together with several sensitivity analyses, such as MR-Egger, maximum likelihood, weighted median, and weighted mode. The IVW results revealed a weak negative causal connection between 25(OH)D and GDM risk [OR (95% CI) = 0.71 (0.50, 0.99), p = 0.046]. However, the causal association was unstable according to sensitivity analyses, and Cochran's Q test revealed significant heterogeneity. After removing BMI-related IVs, the causal association between 25(OH)D and GDM disappeared [OR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.55, 1.06), p = 0.101]. In addition, our study found no proof to support the assumption that VDBP level was related to GDM risk causally [OR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.93, 1.03), p = 0.408]. According to this study, a weak negative causal association between 25(OH)D and GDM risk was found, while we had little proof to support the link between VDBP and GDM. To further explore whether total or free 25(OH)D levels and GDM are causally related, GWAS data with an emphasis on women of reproductive age and other ethnic groups are required.

Study of Serum Creatinine in Female Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. In the present study serum creatinine was estimated in female type 2 diabetes to observe the frequency of increase serum creatinine level in these patients. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between July 2016 and June 2017. A total of 210 subjects were selected and were grouped as: control group (group I) having 70 healthy female of reproductive age (21-45 years) and study group (group II), which was again subdivided to group IIA (70 diabetic female of reproductive age (21-45 years) and group IIB (70 diabetic female of post-menopausal age, 45-70 years). Laboratory analysis of serum creatinine was done by enzymatic colorimetric method. A comparison in serum creatinine concentration was done in between group I and group II and in between Group IIA and Group IIB. The results were calculated and analyzed by using SPSS. For statistical analysis students unpaired ‘t’ test was performed. Our study revealed that serum creatinine was increased among females of the study group and the result was statistically significant. In the control group serum creatinine was within the normal physiological range. CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 198-202

Factors Affecting the Utilization of Postnatal Care Services in Eastern Nepal

Background: The importance of providing care to mothers after childbirth is critical for lowering maternal illness and death rates. This research aimed to analyze the factors influencing the use of postnatal services among mothers with having at least one living child three years preceding the survey in the Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted within a community setting, involving 401 ever-married women of reproductive age group. The studyperformed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with the utilization of postnatal care services. Results: Among 401 women studied, 52% had Postnatal Care (PNC) visits. Among those who utilized PNC services, the majority (96%) had partial utilization, while only 4.3% had complete PNC.PNC visits are more frequent among the wealthy, migrants, and upper castes, as well as those exposed to media, aware of health services, and perceiving higher service quality and awareness at health facilities. Conclusion: Both the coverage and complete utilization of PNC attendance were low. Increasing focus on mothers from poorer households, pockets of the native population, individuals needing behavioural modification, and those with poor awareness about available services may enhance the overall usage of complete PNC.

Double Burden of Malnutrition and Other Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group Women in Assam, India

Objective: This study aims to assess the Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM) and its associated factors among reproductive age group women in Assam, India. Methods: Based on a multistage sampling procedure, a total of 736 reproductive age group women from four districts of Assam were selected as the final sample unit. The sample units are grouped as rural (total 310 samples) and urban (total 426 samples) and data is collected from June to December 2022 based on a structured questionnaire. The classical measure of anthropometry is used to collect data on the height and weight of the respondents. The anthropometric rod to the nearest 0.1 cm is used to measure women’s height and a portable weighing machine is used to measure their weights. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of sample women is calculated to assess the existing double burden of malnutrition. Findings: It is found that around 40 % of women in the study area are at risk of DBM. The risk of underweight is higher among rural women (29.4%). On the other hand, the severity of overweight is higher among urban women (20.2%) as compared to their rural counterparts (14.2%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that women belonging to food-insecure households are at a 0.674 % higher risk of being underweight. Women’s employment and availability of basic amenities reduce the risk of being underweight by 47.2% and 80.9% respectively. Women’s dietary diversity, employment, and their age significantly affect their overweight status. Novelty: The socioeconomic and demographic factors considered in the study are based on household level as well as women’s individual status and quantify the potential qualitative issues affecting women’s DBM. This study will certainly provide a basis for further research on DBM in different settings and thereby to adopt strategic interventions. Keywords: Underweight, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Reproductive women, Assam

Significant Association of Epidemiological Factors with Hypothyroid Patients in Khulna Region: A Cross Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: Thyroid disorder is one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. A community‑based investigations showed that; overall occurrence of thyroid disease was 20.43%, highest incidence of diffuse goiter (7.35%), followed by sub-clinical hypothyroidism (6.59%), hypothyroidism (4.97%), hyperthyroidism (0.86%) and sub-clinical hyperthyroidism (0.65%) in Khulna, Bangladesh. High prevalence of hypothyroidism with autoimmunity are also observed in Khulna Region. The aim of this study was to conduct epidemiological survey of hypothyroid patients in Khulna region. Methods: This cross‑sectional study was done on Hypothyroid patients of Khulna Medical College Hospital and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (INMAS), Khulna, from July 2023 to December 2023. After having informed written consent of adult sixty hypothyroid patients, was interviewed and examined the blood sample for relevant information; data recorded in a preformed, semi-structured data collection sheet (Patient particulars form) and analyzed. Results: Out of the sixty hypothyroid patients about fifty percent was obese, eighty percent was female of 30-60 years age group. Ninety percent of them belongs to poor socioeconomic conditions and came from rural area of Khulna district. About 20 percent had positive family history of hypothyroidism, 27 percent patient was associated with other autoimmune diseases and about 80 percent was associated with anti-thyroid antibody. Conclusions: Most of the patients were rural female of low socioeconomic back ground of reproductive age groups. They also associated with other autoimmune diseases. Chronic autoimmune diseases, poverty, anti-thyroid antibody and salinity of environment may play an important role for the causation of hypothyroidism in Khulna region. Keywords: Thyroid disorder, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, thyroiditis.

The effect of hygienic material use during menstruation on the prevalence of RTIs symptoms among women in India

Background: Every month, healthy adolescent girls and pre-menopausal adult women are impacted by the crucial topic of menstrual hygiene. Menstrual hygiene management is essential to women’s reproductive health. Menstrual product consumption, poor cleaning techniques, and material reuse are examples of suboptimal menstrual health and hygiene. So, the current study was planned to assess the impact of hygienic material use during menstruation on the prevalence of RTIs among women in India. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative community-based study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. Study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. All female patients in reproductive age group attending RHTC and UHTC OPD were included. Interview method was used to collect data from consented participants on socio demographic details, products used for menstrual hygiene and symptoms suggestive of RTI in last 6 months were collected. Results: A community-based study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area of a medical college in Bangalore. A total of 258 participants attending UHTC and RHTC centres were included from each area. The proportion of participants with RTI symptoms were 62.2%. In current study 20.3% participants reported lower abdominal pain and 18.6% of participants had pain during micturition in past 6 months. Conclusions: Our study’s findings show a direct link between subpar MHM procedures and RTI symptoms. Our results confirm international recommendations for a dual focus on providing suitable absorbent materials and making sure that ambient conditions allow associated hygiene, such as washing, safety, and dignity for women.

Menstrual Abnormalities and Body Adiposity among the Poumai Women of Manipur, North East India

Abstract Objective The present study aims to understand the prevalence of certain menstrual abnormalities among the adolescents and adults of the Poumai tribe of Manipur and explore the association of anthropometric variables and body adiposity with menstrual disorders. Materials and Methods The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 1,008 Poumai women among the reproductive age groups, consisting of 496 adolescents and 512 adults. Menstrual history was collected from each participant, and menstrual abnormalities in the menstrual frequency and flow volume were identified per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification. Relative indices of the measured anthropometric variables defined body adiposity. Descriptive statistics and tests of significance were calculated. Regression odd ratio analysis was also conducted to infer the odds ratio risk of menstrual abnormalities. Results The overall prevalence of menstrual frequent and infrequent is 8.2% and 19.6%, respectively, where frequent is more prevalent in adolescents and infrequent in adults. Note that 15.4% and 5.6% of the women have a heavy and light flow, while comparatively, adults have a higher prevalence of heavy and light flow than adolescents. Anthropometric variables are associated with menstrual frequency abnormalities among adolescents, while these variables are associated with menstrual frequency and flow volume abnormalities in adults. Higher body adiposity has a higher odd ratio to the studied menstrual abnormalities, significantly with light menstrual flow. Conclusion Disparity observed in the menstrual abnormalities among adolescents and adults could reflect hormonal changes. The association of obesity with menstrual abnormalities highlights the concern of weight management that can lead to healthy reproductive health in women.

Reproductive health care seeking behavior in Bangladesh: Asystematic literature review.

Maternal health, in terms of pregnancy and childbirth, is an important aspect of women's reproductive health and remains a public health concern in underdeveloped countries of the world. Reproductive health care seeking behavior (RHSB), in both men and women in society, is influenced by a variety of social and environmental factors that needs to be summarized. This review aims to enhance understanding and perception of services in relation to RHSBs in several domains such as antenatal care (ANC), delivery care, postnatal care (PNC), and family planning (FP) services, for married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. In major databases, for example, Medline, Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar following keywords, timeline set as 2010 up to December 30, 2022. Articles that included discussion on married women of reproductive age, and their type of care seeking behavior for reproductive health. A systematic literature search was carried out and expected outcome was health care seeking behavior in the aspects of ANC, delivery care, PNC, and FP services. A data extraction form and quality appraisal form were used for data on RHSB of married women of the reproductive age group in Bangladesh and associated factors. A total of 245 articles were retrieved from databases; stepwise screening was done and finally 23 full-text articles were included for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used based on the included articles for narrative synthesis. In the selected articles, 17 (73.91%) were cross-sectional studies and more than half discussed both urban and rural women. Ante- and postnatal visits have proven to have positively influenced overall RHSB, as seen in Bangladesh. Grass root level workers play a major role in upgrading RHSB in women. Many factors limit rural access to mother and child health services including distance of the health facility and cost of the health service. In particular, education level, women's autonomy in family decision making and distance from health service can be considered as factors influencing RHSBs in Bangladesh. Exposure to mass media and TV watching are likely to positively impact RHSB patterns for women in Bangladesh.