Representative Institutions Research Articles

The Reconstruction of The Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) Regulations in The Formation of Regional Regulations Based on The Values of Justice

The position of the Regional People's Representative Council at the provincial and district/city levels essentially acts as a people's representative institution that exercises legislative power at the regional level. The purpose of research are: 1) analyze the DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations lacking justice values; 2) identify weaknesses in regulatory authority; and 3) reconstruct DPRD authority based on justice values. The research uses a constructivist paradigm, the research applies a normative legal approach and descriptive method. Data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This research uses analysis of legal materials to assess DPRD legislation’s alignment with justice principles. The result of research are: 1) DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations lacks justice values, with unclear roles between DPRD and regional government; 2) Weaknesses include unclear legal substance, structural flaws from Ministry annulments, and legal culture where compliance is driven by tradition, not legal understanding; 3) Reconstruction aligns DPRD’s authority with justice values by clarifying roles, strengthening legal foundations, and promoting genuine public participation based on legal awareness. Norm reconstruction of DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations based on justice values refers to Law No. 9/2015 Article 101(1) and Law No. 23/2014 Article 236(4) on Regional Government.

Representative Institutions and Parliamentary Culture in the Portuguese and Spanish Empires (c. 1500–c. 1700)

Abstract This article explores the role of representative assemblies in the diverse territories of the early modern Spanish and Portuguese empires spanning the Americas, parts of Asia, and Africa. It begins with a concise overview of the Portuguese and Spanish representative assemblies, commonly referred to as the Cortes. The second section raises some preliminary questions about how the parliamentary culture brought by the Spanish and Portuguese to their overseas possessions shaped, and was shaped by, local understandings of political participation in institutions with a representational character. The third section examines the complex debate over the integration of representatives from overseas municipalities into the Castilian and Portuguese Cortes. The fourth and final section analyses the interaction between Iberian parliamentary culture and a range of Asian, Indigenous American, and African perspectives on participation in representative gatherings. The principal argument is that representative assemblies, the debates they generated, and their varying degrees of prominence, reflect the fundamental changes observed in the political and legal structure of the Portuguese and Spanish empires.

해양 문화 관광에서의 몰입형 체험 디자인 적용 평가 연구

With the rise of the experience economy, immersive experience design has increasingly become a key strategy for enhancing visitor satisfaction and destination appeal in marine cultural tourism. This study takes four representative institutions—the Korea National Maritime Museum, Singapore SEA Aquarium, Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in Zhuhai, China, and Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan in Japan—as case studies. By examining four dimensions—sensory experience, spatial experience, interactive experience, and entertainment experience—this research applies the KANO model to classify and analyze the demand for immersive design in the context of marine cultural tourism. Through an online questionnaire survey, the study identifies tourists’ levels of attention to features such as multimedia audiovisual systems and simulation-based control experiences. The results categorize the design elements into must-be attributes, one-dimensional attributes, attractive attributes, and indifferent attributes, and rank all factors according to their importance. The research findings indicate that multimedia audiovisual systems, marine sound effects, thematic spatial design, and age-inclusive adaptability are essential elements in immersive experience design; deep engagement programs, interactive games, and immersive performances are categorized as expected attributes; whereas simulation-based control experiences, smart guiding technologies, and layered spatial design represent attractive attributes that enhance tourists’ sense of immersion and satisfaction. The findings provide a quantitative and practical foundation for optimizing immersive experience design in marine cultural tourism environments.

Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pengawasan Badan Permusyarawatan Desa (BPD) dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa (Studi Pada Desa Tabore Kecamatan Mantangai Kabupaten Kapuas)

The implementation of the supervisory function by the Village Consultative Body (BPD) plays a crucial role in supporting the creation of transparent, accountable, and participatory village governance. BPD functions as a representative institution of the village community that oversees the administration of government, including the management of village finances and the implementation of public policies at the village level. However, in practice, various challenges still hinder the optimal execution of this function. This study aims to examine in depth the implementation of the supervisory function of BPD in Tabore Village, Mantangai Subdistrict, Kapuas Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review. The research informants consist of village government officials, BPD members, and community leaders. Data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that the BPD of Tabore Village has carried out its supervisory functions in accordance with the theory of Juliantara (2005) as cited in Ngga (2022), which includes: (1) supervision of the implementation of Village Regulations, (2) supervision of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes), and (3) supervision of decisions made by the Village Head. These three aspects have been implemented effectively by the BPD, which also actively involves the community in village deliberations as a form of transparency and public accountability. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of supervision still needs to be improved, particularly through institutional capacity building, enhancing the quality of community participation, and strengthening the synergy between BPD and the Village Government to achieve optimal and responsive village governance.

A Bibliometric Analysis of P2X7R in Cardiovascular Diseases From 2005 to 2024.

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which mediates inflammation, is implicated in an extensive variety of diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. Recently, studies focusing on the role of P2X7R in cardiovascular disorders have garnered significant attention. However, a bibliometric evaluation within this area has yet to be carried out. A bibliometric analysis was performed by searching for research related to P2X7R and cardiovascular diseases in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2005 to 2024. The tools CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to analyze data and create visual representations of various elements, including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. Over the past two decades, 371 articles in English were obtained in the last 20 years. The People's Republic of China, Nanchang University, the journal 'Purinergic Signalling,' and author Shandong Liang had the highest productivity in their respective categories. The top 4 keywords were ''activation,'' ''p2x7 receptor,'' ''ATP,'' and ''inflammation''. Burst keyword analysis indicated that ''purinergic signaling'' and ''oxidative stress'' are emerging key areas worthy of further investigation. These topics, seeing a surge in interest, are predicted to remain prominent in research. This is the first bibliometric analysis of P2X7R in cardiovascular disorders, which reports the hot spots and emerging trends. The interaction between ''purinergic signaling,'' ''inflammation,'' and ''oxidative stress'' are considered to be the current research priorities, suggesting that these topics are likely to remain central in future research. This study underscores the growing importance of P2X7R in cardiovascular research and offers valuable insights to guide future investigations.

Tracing the Past, Shaping the Future: Latin American Constitutionalism and Its Discontents - Interview With Professor César Landa

Professor César Landa, a renowned constitutional law scholar and distinguished public servant in Peru, is one of the unique figures who successfully bridges the worlds of academia and political practice. In addition to his academic position as a professor of constitutional law, he has held several key state offices, including President of the Peruvian Constitutional Court, ad hoc judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Deputy Minister of Justice, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Drawing on this unique combination of experience, Professor Landa offers a rich and informed perspective on the democratic challenges facing Peru and Latin America more broadly. At a time when democratic erosion and the crisis of representative institutions have become global phenomena, his reflections on institutional fragility, constitutional resilience, and the potential for democratic renewal have both scholarly and practical significance. This interview aims to contribute to the broader conversation on constitutionalism in the region and to bring Professor Landa’s deep insights into the academic literature.

Decision-making in the shadows? Challenges and prospects of committee systems in higher education institutions in Ghana

This study examined the dynamics of the Committee System in Management Decisions (CSMD) within a public university in Ghana, focusing on both its limitations and potential for reform. Grounded in systems theory, the research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The initial quantitative phase drew on 792 valid responses from a diverse group of stakeholders, including academic and administrative senior members, senior staff, and individuals serving on various statutory committees. Participants were selected through purposive and proportionate stratified random sampling to ensure broad institutional representation. Data on perceived challenges and possible improvements were gathered via structured questionnaires and analysed using independent samples t-tests. The subsequent qualitative phase involved 20 semi-structured interviews with committee chairpersons, active committee members, and staff not involved in committee work, with the responses subjected to thematic analysis. The findings revealed several systemic bottlenecks impeding the optimal functioning of CSMDs. These included insufficient logistical support, lack of adequate motivation for committee members, and undue influence from managerial levels. Nevertheless, the study also identified viable prospects for revitalizing committee effectiveness, notably through the integration of digital platforms, improved procedural coordination, and capacity building. It recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, streamlining logistical procedures, recognizing committee work through incentives, and ensuring regular feedback between committees and leadership. Emphasis is also placed on addressing workload imbalances and supporting staff well-being. While the CSMD continues to serve as a critical pillar of participatory governance within the university context, its success is contingent upon institutional commitment to transparency, structured engagement, and resource provision.

How to Make Small Beautiful: The Promise of Democratic Innovations

ABSTRACT Small states are on average more likely to be democracies and it is often assumed that democracy functions better in small polities. ‘Small is beautiful’, proponents say. Yet, empirical scholarship shows that, while smallness comes with socio-political proximity, which facilitates participation and policy implementation, it also incentivizes personalism, clientelism and power concentration. Largeness, instead, comes with greater socio-political distance, but strengthens institutional checks and entails scale advantages. In this article, we depart from this trade-off and, wondering ‘how to make small beautiful’, we examine a potential remedy: democratic innovations. To do so, we first show that representative institutions were adopted in small polities by replication rather than by choice, and that they can aggravate the democratic problems associated with smallness. Subsequently, we draw on four usages of direct and deliberative democratic practices in small polities to explore which promises they offer to correct some of these pitfalls.

Application of Big Data Analytics in Education Management: Enhancing Teaching Quality and Resource Allocation Efficiency

The integration of big data analytics into education management has emerged as a transformative approach to optimizing institutional efficiency, resource allocation, and teaching quality. Traditional education management methodologies rely heavily on static policies and historical data, often failing to adapt dynamically to the evolving needs of students, faculty, and administrative bodies. These conventional methods suffer from inefficiencies in decision-making, limited predictive capabilities, and inequitable distribution of resources, leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. To address these challenges, this study proposes an advanced computational framework that leverages dynamic resource allocation, policy optimization, and institutional performance modeling to enhance education management strategies. Our approach formulates education management as a structured decision-making process, integrating mathematical optimization, reinforcement learning, and real-time predictive analytics to improve institutional governance and student performance. By employing a state-based representation of educational institutions, we develop a robust model that captures the dynamic nature of student-faculty interactions, budget constraints, and performance indicators. The proposed method optimally balances resource distribution, ensuring equitable access to quality education while maximizing institutional efficiency. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in adapting to real-time educational data, improving decision accuracy, and enhancing institutional performance over conventional static policies. These findings underscore the potential of data-driven approaches in modern education management, offering a scalable and intelligent solution for future educational institutions.

A Rising Trend of Female Investors in India

This research paper examines the evolving landscape of female investment behavior in India, highlighting the rising participation of women across various financial instruments and asset classes. Traditionally viewed as conservative savers, Indian women are now increasingly embracing structured investment options such as mutual funds, Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs), direct equities, gold ETFs, and even alternative assets like cryptocurrencies and startup funding. A descriptive and analytical research design, this study draws on secondary data from authoritative sources including AMFI, SEBI, fintech platforms, and financial publications. It explores key investment patterns based on age, geography, and socio-economic factors, and identifies primary drivers such as improved financial literacy, growing digital access, changing cultural mind-sets, and the influence of women-centric platforms and networks. The paper also sheds light on the role of women as investors, fund managers, entrepreneurs, and policy influencers while critically analysing persistent challenges such as financial dependency, regional disparities, and limited institutional representation. Policy recommendations focus on enhancing financial education, expanding rural access, promoting female fund leadership, and designing inclusive digital platforms. This study contributes to the discourse on gender-inclusive finance and underscores the transformative potential of empowering women through investment—a critical step toward building a more inclusive and resilient Indian economy.

Between the ‘politics of immediacy’ and the return of the imperative mandate. The Italian case in a comparative perspective

In this article, I analyze the impact of populist ‘politics of immediacy’ on parliaments’ roles, focusing on the prohibition of the imperative mandate codified in many Western constitutions, especially in Europe. ‘Politics of immediacy’ refers to a form of politics that rejects the mediation offered by representative institutions. While constitutional scholars often focus on populist misuse of referenda as an aspect of immediacy, I explore another dimension – how populist advocacy for the return of the imperative mandate challenges parliamentary legitimacy. The article examines how populists view parliaments, using a case study on Italy to illustrate how this phenomenon undermines parliaments’ representative role. Italy's post-World War II (WWII) constitution, shaped by the memory of totalitarian horrors, provides a valuable lens to study the attack on parliamentary democracy. This phenomenon reflects a broader European trend but is particularly acute in Italy, where populist demands for the imperative mandate threaten to erode democratic safeguards established after WWII. By highlighting the Italian case from a comparative perspective, the article underscores the risks posed by immediacy politics to democratic institutions and offers insights into preserving parliamentary autonomy in the face of such challenges.

Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Self Assesment System dan Pengetahuan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta - Cakung)

Indonesia as a developing country is intensively developing infrastructure in variousregions to support economic and socio-cultural development. In essence, all developments carried out will be financed by the State Budget (APBN) and the Regional Budget (APBD) which comes from state tax revenue. Tax is a very basicthing, in the procedure for collecting taxes mustbe based on laws and regulations. In essence, those who bear the tax burden are the people. The issue of tax base and tax rate must gothrough the consent of the people represented bythe people's representative institution and theresult of the approval is described in a law thatmust be obeyed by all parties subject to taxobligations. In the Self Assessment systemeverything related to the amount of tax payable must be left entirely to the taxpayer and the success of this Self Assessment System dependslargely on the compliance of the taxpayer.

Analysis of ASCO clinical guidelines authorship and institutional representation using HemOnc.org.

e13577 Background: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are vital for safe and updated oncology care. ASCO produces CPGs across solid and blood cancers and supportive care. Guideline authors include volunteers and ASCO staff. This study characterizes ASCO CPGs by authorship and their affiliations. Methods: ASCO-only and collaborative CPGs published in peer-reviewed journals, excluding rapid recommendations, were analyzed. CPGs were categorized into 16 clinical groups. Author and institutional data were extracted from PubMed and normalized using Python and manual abstraction. Authors’ gender was determined using gender-guesser, genderAPI, and manual review. Statistical comparisons used Fisher’s exact test. Data were sourced from HemOnc.org on 12/02/2024. Results: We identified 146 eligible CPGs (1999–2024), with 1297 unique authors. 102 (8%) were ever-first authors and 108 (8%) were ever-last (senior) authors. The most prolific first author was in this role six times (breast/classical hematology), while the most prolific last author, five times (breast cancer). A total of 482 institutions were represented, and senior authorship spanned 59 institutions, with 33% affiliated with five institutions: University of Michigan, MD Anderson, Dana-Farber, Johns Hopkins, and ASCO. Only four CPGs had first and senior authors from the same institution. 844 (65%) authors were USA-based. Canada, UK, Italy, Japan, and Netherlands were sequentially the next five highest contributors (142 authors). Top groups included breast (36 CPGs), gastrointestinal (21), and supportive care (20). Immunotoxicity CPGs had the highest collaboration (31 authors/guideline) compared to the lowest in radiotherapy toxicity (11.7 authors/guideline). Over the 25-year publication period, 18 authors transitioned from first to senior authorship, and 48 different authors transitioned from middle to first or senior authorship. Based on algorithmically assigned gender, 57% of all authors, 57% of first authors, and 60% of senior authors were men. Immunotoxicity had the highest representation of women (60%), while radiotherapy toxicity had the lowest (10.5%). Of the 1297 authors, 283 (22%) also contributed to pivotal clinical trials publications supporting regulatory approvals. These authors were more likely to be men (70% men vs 30% women) than the non-contributing authors (53% men vs 47% women) (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.52–2.68). Conclusions: ASCO CPGs demonstrate broad institutional and international representation, though senior author concentration in a smaller number of institutions was observed. We show gender differences exist in ASCO guideline authorship, although they are significantly less prominent overall than in the subgroup of pivotal clinical trial authors. Future research should explore whether ASCO guideline authorship diversity reflects the demographics of oncology subfields.

From Global Archives to Grassroots Mobilization: The Evolution of Feminist Movements in International and Nepali Contexts

This study investigates how international women’s movements have shaped women’s political participation in Nepal, analyzing the complex interplay of gender, caste, ethnicity, and class. Spanning from the 1940s democratic movements to the post-2006 constitutional reforms, the research traces the development of feminist consciousness, legal frameworks, and grassroots activism in Nepal. While international instruments like CEDAW (1992) and domestic gender quotas (e.g., 33% representation in the Constituent Assembly) have formalized women’s political inclusion, substantive equality remains elusive due to entrenched patriarchal norms, caste-based discrimination, and linguistic barriers. Employing qualitative methods—including archival research and policy analysis—the study demonstrates that despite increased institutional representation, Dalit, Janajati, and Madhesi women continue to face systemic marginalization. The findings highlight a critical disconnect between global feminist paradigms and Nepal’s intersectional realities, calling for context-sensitive strategies that address overlapping oppressions. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen legal enforcement, amplify marginalized voices, and transform symbolic representation into meaningful political empowerment.

The Mental Image of Iraqi Military Women Among the Public – A Survey Study on a Sample of Ministry of Defense Personnel

Objectives: This study aims to explore the mental image held by Ministry of Defense personnel regarding Iraqi military women and to identify the key factors shaping these perceptions. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the theory of mental image construction, with emphasis on media influence and gender role representation in military institutions. Method: A descriptive survey approach was adopted, using a structured questionnaire distributed to a stratified random sample of 404 participants (officers, ranks, and civilian staff) from the Ministry of Defense. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate a significant shift in attitudes toward military women, with over 93% of respondents expressing pride in their female colleagues. Most participants acknowledged women's ability to perform duties independently and effectively. The most associated traits with military women were commitment, intelligence, and courage. However, gender discrimination and work-life balance remain key challenges. Research Implications: The results offer valuable insights for military leadership and policymakers to support gender inclusion, improve workplace equity, and reshape public perception of women in defense roles. Originality/Value: This study provides a rare empirical analysis of internal attitudes within a military institution toward female personnel. It adds to the limited literature on gender roles in Iraqi defense settings and highlights evolving perceptions in a traditionally male-dominated field.

Evaluating a train-the-trainer approach for implementing obstetric life support in diverse healthcare contexts throughout Arizona: a mixed methods protocol

BackgroundMost medical responders are not adequately trained to recognize and treat maternal medical emergencies, including maternal cardiac arrest, and national credentialing standards do not exist. Obstetric Life Support (OBLS) is a validated simulation-based curriculum designed to equip prehospital and hospital-based healthcare workers (HCWs) with the knowledge and skills necessary to prevent, recognize, and manage maternal medical emergencies. Widespread implementation of OBLS could enhance patient safety and reduce disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality. However, research is needed to develop strategies that ensure sustained and equitable access for HCWs across diverse healthcare settings. This paper presents a protocol for evaluating a train-the-trainer approach to implement OBLS in hospitals, freestanding birthing centers, and prehospital contexts across Arizona.MethodsThis multisite, mixed-methods study is being conducted in collaboration with the Arizona Perinatal Trust, a regional perinatal health system that encompasses 38 in-hospital birthing centers and Level I-IV hospitals across Arizona, and the Arizona Emergency Medical Systems LLC, which coordinates 85 emergency medical services agencies statewide. A Steering Committee comprising local, regional, and national stakeholders provides guidance and oversight for all study activities. To promote rapid learning, two consecutive OBLS implementation and evaluation cycles will be conducted, with the second cycle incorporating feedback and lessons learned from the first. HCWs from 16 implementation sites (8 per cycle) serving areas with high maternal vulnerability indexes will be trained as OBLS instructors. These instructors will train at least 160 HCWs (80 per cycle) within their respective or nearby institutions. Outcomes to be assessed include reach (proportion and representation of institutions offering OBLS, instructors trained, and HCWs participating), effectiveness (impact of OBLS on knowledge and clinical competencies, presence of code carts containing OBLS cognitive aids and resuscitative cesarean delivery kits in hospitals, and the use of an OB Arrest Alert in prehospital settings), adoption (allocation of resources for OBLS), implementation (number of courses completed, fidelity of the training delivery), and maintenance (extent to which training becomes integrated into routine practice and policy).DiscussionFindings from this statewide study will be used to promote the scale-up and sustainability of OBLS, ultimately enhancing maternal healthcare quality and equity.

Current status and sustainable development of international smart tourism research: a literature review

ABSTRACT This study explores the domain of smart tourism, examining its conceptual definition, the distribution of existing research, and thematic developments. Based on data predominantly obtained from the Web of Science, it presents insights into the chronological evolution, geographical representation of authors and institutions, and key areas of scholarly focus. Major research themes include the integration of cultural heritage and technology, the development of smart hotels, and the application and improvement of tourism recommendation systems. The study also investigates destination management and addresses issues related to tourist privacy and security. Furthermore, the study proposes future research directions that promote smart tourism through multidisciplinary collaboration. It emphasises the convergence of intelligent tourism with sustainable development and environmentally friendly technologies. Attention is drawn to the need for more innovative, experience-oriented planning frameworks and deeper exploration of micro-level smart tourism management, particularly in areas such as corporate social responsibility and ecological tourism.

Why deemed and private universities are lagging in publishing their research online with India’s national repository?

Objective. The Indian national online PhD theses repository, “Shodhganga,” published approximately 584,000 theses. The top 10 universities that contributed approximately 25% of the total were all central and state universities. In contrast, the number of theses contributed by deemed and private universities was comparatively limited. This study explored the factors contributing to the limited contributions from deemed and private universities and proposed strategies to enhance their engagement in research dissemination. Design/Methodology/Approach. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, 15 research experts from deemed and private universities in India were interviewed. A qualitative data analysis methodology was employed. Thematic analysis was employed to extract common views. Results/Discussion. The expert group posited that faculty members from deemed and private universities exhibited a greater propensity for academic social networks such as ResearchGate and Academia.edu. The national repository should provide feedback features analogous to those offered by ResearchGate and Academia.edu. It was anticipated that a substantial online research publication would be made available to the public if the deemed and private universities enhanced their contributions. Conclusions. The Indian national repository, Shodhganga, achieved notable growth in its publication of PhD theses, with a total of 584,000 records currently available. However, the repository’s development revealed some concerns regarding the inclusivity of institutional representation. The majority of contributions originated from government-owned state and central universities, suggesting an imbalance in institutional engagement. Deemed and private universities contributed a comparatively smaller share of theses to the repository. This study made a novel contribution to the field by highlighting problems of national repositories that may see uneven growth. To ensure that the research shared was representative of all the stakeholders, they ought to work toward inclusive growth.

Affirmative Action for Persons with Disabilities to Ensure the Right to be Elected in General Elections

This research seeks to examine and develop a legal policy grounded in affirmative action to ensure the electoral rights of persons with disabilities in general elections. Utilizing a normative legal framework, the study incorporates conceptual analysis, statutory interpretation, and case law review. The results highlight the critical need for legal policies based on affirmative action to safeguard the right of persons with disabilities to be elected, as this right is intrinsically linked to the right to vote. This endeavor is also part of a broader initiative to empower individuals with disabilities in accordance with the tenth and sixteenth objectives of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to reduce inequalities and promote peace, justice, and robust institutions. The implementation of affirmative action-based policies to guarantee the right to be elected for persons with disabilities can be achieved through the revision and amendment of electoral laws, ensuring these individuals not only retain the right to vote but also the right to stand for election. Specifically, with regard to the eligibility of persons with disabilities to be elected, such provisions should apply only to those who are medically and psychologically fit, as confirmed by appropriate health and psychological evaluations. Furthermore, affirmative action measures may include the establishment of a mandatory disability representation quota within legislative bodies, similar to the gender quotas for female representatives. Such policies should be confined to representative roles, particularly those within people’s representative institutions.

Pedagogical Technologies and Trends in the Development of Religious Education in Higher Education Institutions: Gender Aspects and Islamic Educational Tradition

The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of the formation of religious education and to propose strategies for its integration into the system of secondary specialised and higher education with a focus on the gender aspect. The methodology of the study is based on the conceptual model for assessing the quality of religious education developed by the author, which includes analyses of pedagogical approaches, contextual factors and gender equality. The quality of education at Osh State University (OshSU) and women’s madrasa Abdiraim Kari was analysed using a case study method. The Islamic educational tradition in Kyrgyzstan has developed through an increase in the number of women’s madrasas. Despite the ideas of gender equality underlying religious teachings and the growing popularity of religious education among women, female graduates faced limited opportunities for employment and participation in spiritual governance. Content Analysis of the Quran. Interpretation of Suras Al-Alaq, Al-Mujadila, Az-Zumar, Al-Ahzab, An-Nisa confirmed gender equality in education. To bridge the gap between theory and practice in Islamic education, it’s recommended to adopt problem-based learning ‒ drawing on evidence from Kyrgyzstan and other Muslim countries ‒ teach both hard and soft skills to support female madrasa and university graduates in employment, integrate IT into religious education, and promote greater gender representation in religious institutions.