In songs, whether they are from popular or traditional genres, there is often a gender stereotype that reduces women's identities to physical attributes and domestic roles. "Mojang Priangan", as an expression of local culture from the Sundanese region, is a relevant subject of study in understanding how women are represented in songs. This study aims to examine the representation of Sundanese women in the lyrics of "Mojang Priangan" songs through a critical feminist approach. The music, composed by Iyar Wiyarsih, was selected for its high historical and cultural significance in representing the identity of Sundanese women. A descriptive, qualitative method was employed in this study, utilizing Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model, which encompasses text analysis, discursive practices, and social practices. The primary instrument in this study was the researcher herself, who actively interpreted the data contextually and reflectively. Data were collected through literature review and documentation of song lyrics and relevant scientific references. The results of this study show that the lyrics of "Mojang Priangan" songs describe women who have physical and personality advantages as the feminine image of Sundanese culture. In Sundanese society, Sundanese women are always positioned in the role of guardians of values, symbols of family honor, and representatives of morality. Although the lyrics have undergone several changes, the main values are still maintained. The lyrics do not exploit women as sensual visual objects. However, they show their values and roles in maintaining dignity in a social context.

The aim is to propose a gendered sociopoetic reading of Honorine, a short novel by Balzac. By focusing on the garden, where the novel’s eponymous protagonist takes refuge after leaving her husband for a lover who soon abandons her, Balzac brings into play a set of period representations of the flower woman and this place of sociability that the century has consecrated. A novel of manners about conjugality, Honorine reveals the mechanisms of a woman’s tragic downfall, as she fails to renew stereotypes: the garden of Saint-Maur, far from being a space of freedom, functions as a cage or trap.

Over the past decade, police services in the British Isles have consistently reported high numbers of sworn female officers. To explore factors behind this success, this study provides a critical review of publicly accessible official data and reports related to the progress of female police in the British Isles. The review encompasses a 10-year period, spanning 2014 to 2023. For 2023, the representation of women in policing in Northern Ireland was 31.9%, 28.4% in the Republic of Ireland, 34.3% in Scotland and 34.7% in England and Wales. Across the study period there was a consistent upward trend in female police numbers, women moved in large numbers into specialist areas, and they were increasingly represented at middle and senior management levels. The secondary literature indicated that a variety of factors might have been influential in achieving the relatively high proportion of females within the ranks of police services in the British Isles. These included numerical targets, mentoring, flexible employment and other support strategies. Our analysis revealed that quantitative data on male/female applications and outcomes were largely unavailable for recruitment, promotions and wellbeing. Further, data on deployment, discrimination and sexual harassment were also scarce. Based on this study, it was concluded that official sources on gender equity strategies remain vague, leaving considerable uncertainty about how the British Isles has achieved its success. Greater transparency about ‘what works’ in gender equity approaches, strategies and programmes is needed. This is essential to build an evidence informed body of knowledge and best practice, with lessons for police agencies across the world who strive to achieve similar gender equity outcomes.

In Nepal, the provision of inclusiveness in laws play a significant role to increase the women’s participation in local government. In this context, this study explores the challenges to women’s engagement in public space, in particular at local government in Nepal. This study is primarily based on indepth interview with 10 Former Women Local Government Representatives (FWLGRs). Findings reveal that women’s experiences in local politics in Bagmati Province reflect broader global debates on gender participation in political and public spaces. Unlike to men, women in local politics face numerous challenges, including patriarchal attitudes, family obligations, economic barriers, gender-based violence, and caste-based discrimination, which appear as breakers to them to participate in public space. These obstacles often limit their ability to secure significant roles in public space. Legal reforms have created unprecedented opportunities, but without addressing structural inequalities—patriarchy, caste discrimination, economic exclusion, and political violence—the meaningful participation and representation of women in political and public spaces remains general, thin and weak that need to be addressed.

In recent years, television dramas featuring the "Revenge of the Wife" narrative have become popular on streaming platforms and social media. The emergence of this narrative in the drama "Marry My Husband" signifies a new trend that has captured widespread audience interest. This qualitative study aims to analyze the narrative construction and the discourse of gender equality in "Marry My Husband" by applying Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative theory. The findings indicate that all of Todorov's structural stages such as initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium are present, with a dominant emphasis on the "attempt to repair" phase. The finding shows that "attempt to repair" phase not only forms the core of the story's tension but also functions as a medium for resisting gender stratification, depicting the female protagonist's transformation from a passive victim into a powerful agent in control of her own life. The drama's success has subsequently stimulated the creation of various similar series, indicating a significant shift in the representation of women in television and streaming media.

Over the last decades the proportion of women working in cardiology has progressively increased. This study aims to evaluate overtime changes in women's contribution to authorship in articles published in the Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia (GIC). We collected data on article authorship from 2004 to 2024. Our objective was to assess temporal trends in women's authorship, including the number of articles with a woman as first or last author. Further analyses focused on women representation in editorial bodies of GIC. In the time interval analyzed, a significant increase was observed in the number of total authors per year (Pearson r=0.798, p<0.001), and the number of female authors per year (Pearson r=0.758, p<0.001). The percentage of female authors showed a non-significant increasing trend over time (Pearson r=0.313, p=0.166). However, the percentage of articles with a female first author (Pearson r=0.569, p=0.007) and last author (Pearson r=0.603, p=0.004) increased significantly. Female representation on the GIC editorial board increased over time, but leadership roles were held almost exclusively by men. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in women's authorship in the GIC. Nevertheless, this increase does not reflect their growing representation in the cardiology field. Greater efforts are needed to enhance women's involvement in scientific publishing to promote diversity and improve scientific research quality.

"Breaking Barriers: A Decade of Women's Representation at the British Society of Interventional Radiology Meetings in the UK (2013–2022)"

This article examines George Lippard's symbolic representation of Mexican women in his 1847 novel, Legends of Mexico. By politicizing female bodies and historicizing their legends, Lippard legitimizes the righteousness of the United States' invasion and conquest of Mexico. The Mexican female bodies in the novel are used to create a borderland that serves to divide future generations of Mexican Americans from white Americans. Lady Inez and Ximena represent those Chicanas whose identities are put at stake as they suffer fragmentation, alienation, and cultural schizophrenia. Through his inclusion of the two female characters in his war novel and their subsequent transport from Mexico to America—a foreign land with a different language—Lippard helps create what Gloria Anzaldúa calls the borderland. The article analyzes Lippard's portrayal of violence that is inflicted upon the Chicanos in the borderland, legitimizing American hegemony and imperialism over Mexico.

Assessing the sex-based enrollment gap in urologic oncology clinical trials.

Trends in gender representation of women as authors and participants over five decades of the journal of biomechanics.

This study undertakes a critical examination of how key figures, William James, Sigmund Freud, and Carl G. Jung, who impacted the development of the psychology of religion, conceptualized women within their theoretical frameworks. It addresses a substantial gap in the literature concerning the insufficiently examined and asymmetrical representation of women in early psychological theories of religion. The analysis begins by tracing the emergence of the psychology of women as a separate subdiscipline, developed in response to sexist assumptions and theories embedded within mainstream psychology and shaped by the socio-cultural and scientific contexts of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This historical analysis brings into focus the conditions under which early theories in the psychology of religion were developed. The study does not adopt a feminist theoretical approach; instead, it examines the historical realities and ongoing role of discriminatory frameworks within the field. Focusing on persistent methodological limitations, particularly the lack of appropriate tools for capturing women’s religious experiences, it employs discourse analysis and literature review to show how these early theorists reinforced patriarchal ideologies, which led them to treat women’s spiritual and religious subjectivities in asymmetrical and biased ways. The study further identifies key parallels and similarities between early psychology and the psychology of religion in their constructions of femininity and masculinity. While not proposing direct solutions, this research contributes to the field by uncovering historical biases and encourages future scholarship to critically reassess male-centered frameworks and to develop more inclusive and nuanced methodologies that better account for the complexity of women’s religious lives.

This study builds on previous in-depth studies, such as the integration of Christian Religious Education (CRE) with political advocacy in the Indonesian context, as well as empirical projections based on current academic data and highlighting the potential of education as a tool for political transformation for gender equality. The study aims to analyze how CRE can increase Christian women's political participation, with the target of achieving 30% representation in the Indonesian parliament, through emphasizing biblical equality and developing non-doctrinal character traits such as empathy and social responsibility. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used, including analysis of theological literature (e.g., John Piper's book and Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen's article), empirical data from LIPI's research (2021), and case studies of progressive churches and NGO collaborations such as the Wahid Foundation.

Gender inequality continues to be a major concern for humanity as it hinders inclusivity and social progress. The gender differences are the manifestations of the complex power relations in the society aggravated by strong patriarchal norms. The paper is an attempt to examine the status and determinants of gender inequality across the states of India. The study is based on secondary datasets such as National Family Health Survey-5, Census of India, Periodic Labour Force Survey, Ministry of Law and Justice report to evaluates the gender inequality status and determinants using a gender inequality framework. The Gender Inequality Index (GII) scores revealed that overall higher levels of gender inequality do not concentrate in one particular region, rather it spread across the states. It argued that even though the status of women has improved in recent times, yet gender inequality still prevails in many parts of the country. The study found that political representation and labour force participation of women are the strong determinants of gender inequality in the Indian society. Thus, the study influences the current scenario to a great extent and major implications of the study will be helpful to formulate effective policies to ensure gender equality in the society. Keywords: Gender Inequality, Reproductive health, Women, Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Women have constructs formed by society. The construct can not only be seen in the real world, but it can also be seen through stories in the media where these stories are also caused by public beliefs. The objective of this research is to discover the representation of women found in the movie of Enola Holmes which is seen from the perspective of male and female characters. In addition, this research also aims to look at the subject-object position and reader position by applying Mills’ Feminist Stylistics theory as the analytical framework. This research used a qualitative method as a research design. This research also used the movie of Enola Holmes to find the representation of women. The data used are words, sentences, and discourses spoken by male and female characters that describe a woman. The data obtained are examined using the theory proposed by Sara Mills. This research found that women are still often regarded as lower than men.

The lack of representation of women in the Regional Head Election (Pilkada) of Banjarmasin City is an important issue that needs to be studied in depth. This research aims to analyze the factors causing the low number of women politicians endorsed by political parties in the Pilkada contest. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with women politicians, representatives of political parties, and political observers in Banjarmasin City. The results of the study indicate that the political recruitment process carried out by the parties is not fundamentally gender-discriminatory, but the barriers faced by women are structural, social, cultural, and personal. These obstacles include the lack of party support, logistical limitations, low electability, and the strong influence of social norms that still doubt the leadership capacity of women. In addition, the implementation of the 30 percent quota for women's representation has not been effective. The conclusion of this study indicates that women's representation in regional elections still faces complex challenges that require serious attention from political parties, the government, and society to create more inclusive and gender-equal political participation.

World War I had a profound impact on the French countryside. The mass mobilization of men forced women to take full responsibility for running the farms, agricultural work, and family responsibilities. Despite this, their role has long been underestimated in historiography, which has focused mainly on the experiences of soldiers. The aim of this article is to analyse the literary representation of rural women in Ernest Pérochon’s novel Les Gardiennes, published in 1924 and one of the few books devoted to this subject. Drawing on historical works on World War I and on the situation of peasants in the early twentieth century, the article examines how literary fiction contributes to the formation of collective memory. It also shows that Pérochon’s novel, by offering a rare and multi-dimensional account of the everyday lives of French peasant women during the war, contributes to their better recognition in the history of the conflict.

This dissertation examines the status and representation of women in early Christianity, with a specific focus on Mary Magdalene as reflected in both canonical and apocryphal texts. Within the broader field of Christian studies, feminist theology provides a renewed interpretive framework for reading the Bible and early Christian writings. By analyzing the Gospels alongside selected noncanonical sources, this study investigates how Jesus’ teachings introduced reformative perspectives on women’s roles within the patriarchal context of Jewish society. The research highlights the distinctive portrayal of Mary Magdalene in apocryphal works such as the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Thomas, and Pistis Sophia, in which she is depicted as a figure of wisdom, leadership, and spiritual authority. Although the institutional Church later rejected these texts, they nonetheless reveal the intellectual and theological engagement of early Christian communities with questions of gender and discipleship. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how feminist reinterpretations of these sources can shed new light on the evolving position of women in both early Christianity and contemporary faith contexts.

Indian cinema has undergone a significant transformation in its form and ideology under the sway of globalization, digitalization, and feminist discourse. In recent years, amid the growing prominence of the OTT platforms, narrative freedom has expanded, enabling filmmakers to reimagine marginalized identities beyond Bollywood’s melodramatic conventions. In this evolving mediascape, the tawaif- once an iconic cultural figure who were later reduced to a tragic courtesan- serves as a critical lens for examining the shifting grammar of women's representation. This paper analyses Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Devdas (2002) and Heeramandi (2024) through Stuart Hall’s theory of representation to explore the paradigmatic shifts in narrative, visuality, and performance. This study further identifies a transformation of the tawaif from objectified and tragic figures in Devdas to empowered and multilayered characters in Heeramandi. Ultimately, it contributes to media representation debates by demonstrating how evolving platforms reshape cultural narratives and recuperate marginalized voices.

Importance: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) play a critical role in shaping medical care and healthcare policies, yet there is growing concern about the lack of diversity in CPG authorship. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess gender, race, and ethnicity representation among authors of CPGs across different medical specialties. Objective: To evaluate the representation of women and individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups among authors and contributors of CPGs. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 2023. Studies focusing on CPG authorship disparities by gender, race, and ethnicity were selected for review. Study Selection: Eligible studies included those that reported data on gender, racial, and ethnic composition among CPG authors. Out of 2,436 articles screened, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for full-text review and meta-analysis. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through consensus, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A meta-analysis was then conducted using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of women and individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups among CPG authors. The meta-analysis estimated pooled proportions of women's authorship across the different medical specialties. Results: The 20 included studies covered a total of 36,783 author positions. Women's authorship varied widely across specialties, with an overall pooled proportion of 25.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21.8%-30.1%). Racial and ethnic data were available in only a few studies, with significant gaps in reporting. The findings indicate persistent gender disparities in CPG authorship, particularly in specialties such as cardiology and gastroenterology. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that substantial disparities in gender, race, and ethnicity remain in CPGs' authorship. More inclusive representation is essential to ensure diverse perspectives in shaping healthcare guidelines.

article is the result of research on Affirmation of Women's Representation and Electability in the Implementation of Simultaneous Elections in 2024 on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to try to find out the rationality of Affirmation of Women's Representation and Electability in the Implementation of Simultaneous Elections in 2024 on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara , what are the policies and obstacles encountered. The method used in this study is a mixed method research method where several methods are combined in one research, such as normative methods with empirical methods . Results from this study shows that the quota for women of at least 30 began to be enforced in the 2004 election. However, up to the last legislative election, which was 22.1%. The hope of achieving a minimum quota of 30% female representation has not been met. The originality of this study shows that so far there has been no research on the Affirmation of Women's Representation and Electability in the Implementation of Simultaneous Elections in 2024 on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara . So the author took the initiative to research this issue.