This study aims to analyze the integration of project management and antenna technology in the development of sustainable energy systems. The research employs a systematic literature review approach, including the identification, selection, and synthesis of relevant studies published within the last ten years. The findings reveal that project management plays a crucial role in controlling scope, cost, time, quality, risk, and stakeholder involvement in renewable energy project implementation. Meanwhile, innovations in antenna technology, such as rectenna, IoT antennas, and hybrid antennas, contribute to energy efficiency improvement through energy harvesting and integration with microgrids. The synergy between managerial and technical aspects accelerates the adoption of renewable energy and supports environmental, social, and economic sustainability goals.

This paper will discuss how the issue of renewable energy and smart city technologies can be used to reduce the effects of climate change, and how their diffusion influences the environmental sustainability and resiliency of the city. Data were gathered using quantitative research design in which structured surveys were conducted on energy experts, urban planners, environmental officers, ICT professionals and policymakers in selected cities. They were analytical techniques, such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, ANOVA, the variance inflation factor (VIF) tests, and the normality tests, structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the relationship between renewable energy adoption and innovative city technologies and climate change mitigation outcomes. The results have shown that renewable energy technologies especially solar, wind, bioenergy, contribute to a high level of decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and improve the environmental performance. Such new city elements as smart grids, IoT-related monitoring, smart mobility, and automated energy management systems also play an important role in enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing carbon footprints. The SEM findings show that the integration of renewable energy and smart city technologies has a synergistic outcome, which creates more effective climate mitigation results than implementing either of the two strategies. The quality of governance, socioeconomic elements, and policy support were observed to mediate the success of these technologies in a significant manner. The paper finds that the adoption of renewable energy frameworks as a part of new urban development is a very potent avenue towards the realization of climate resiliency and sustainable city building. It advises to enhance institutional structures, invest in climate technologies more, and encourage collaboration between the public and the private to achieve the maximum benefits of climate mitigation. The study has a contribution to the literature as it provides empirical evidence and a multidimensional analytical framework that would bridge renewable energy, smart cities, and mitigation of climate change.

Zambia’s electricity sector is predominantly reliant on hydropower, generating 85% of its energy from hydroelectric sources. However, climate change-induced droughts and water shortages at major reservoirs, such as Kariba Dam, exposed the country to severe energy instability. Consequently, energy diversification has become an urgent policy objective for ZESCO and the Zambian government. This study examined ZESCO’s transition from hydro-dependence to a diversified energy mix by assessing consumer perceptions, stakeholder perspectives, and policy challenges affecting renewable energy adoption. A qualitative case study approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and document analysis of energy policies, regulatory frameworks, and investment reports. The study sample included ZESCO officials, government policymakers, energy experts, and electricity consumers, providing a multi-dimensional understanding of Zambia’s energy diversification landscape. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis, which identified core themes related to energy security, financial constraints, policy barriers, and public willingness to support diversification efforts. Results revealed that 65% of consumers rated electricity supply as unreliable, with daily outages lasting between 8 and 16 hours for most respondents. Public awareness of ZESCO’s diversification initiatives was low, with 50% only somewhat informed about renewable projects. Solar and wind energy emerged as preferred alternatives, with 40% supporting solar expansion. Financial constraints (25%) and regulatory barriers (25%) were the primary obstacles. Despite these barriers, 50% of consumers expressed willingness to pay higher tariffs for improved reliability. The study recommended policy enhancements, strategic investments in solar and wind, and improved consumer engagement to support Zambia’s transition toward a resilient and diversified energy future.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the environmental, institutional, political, and economic drivers of green innovation intensity in the E7 countries from 2000 to 2021, with a focus on how innovation, governance, and energy transition can mitigate structural challenges. The analysis employs the Cross‐Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to assess both short‐run dynamics and long‐run relationships among renewable energy adoption, institutional quality, environmental innovation, human capital, geopolitical risks, and natural resource dependency. The findings show that renewable energy use, environmental innovation, and strong institutional frameworks play a critical role in promoting green innovation intensity. In contrast, heavy reliance on natural resources and heightened geopolitical risks significantly hinder environmental and economic progress. Human capital exerts a supportive role when aligned with sustainability‐oriented policies, while weak governance and instability magnify the negative impacts of resource dependence. Robustness checks using Augmented Mean Group and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimators confirm the consistency of these results. The study highlights the policy urgency for E7 countries to strengthen environmental governance, diversify energy portfolios toward renewable sources, foster innovation, and reduce exposure to geopolitical vulnerabilities. By addressing these challenges, governments can align economic development with environmental sustainability and accelerate progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to responsible resource use, institutional effectiveness, and climate action.

This study analyzes the effects of net migration, geopolitical risk, and economic growth on renewable energy supply in the five largest carbon-emitting countries— the United States, China, India, Japan, and Germany—between 1990 and 2022. Using multi-scale and quantile-based methods, it examines whether these factors hinder or promote the energy transition. Renewable energy supply reflects a country’s clean energy production capacity. Wavelet Quantile Correlation and Wavelet Quantile Regression techniques capture time-frequency interactions and quantile-based differences. Findings show migration boosts renewable energy adoption in migration-receiving countries like the U.S. and Germany but has weaker short-term effects in migration- sending nations like India and China. Geopolitical risks hinder adoption initially, especially in energy-dependent countries, but strong domestic policies in Germany and the U.S. mitigate these risks. Economic growth supports renewable energy in China and Germany but increases fossil fuel reliance in the U.S. and India initially. These results highlight the need for long-term, strategic policies to enhance energy security and sustainability.

ABSTRACT Global warming presents an urgent need for renewable energy adoption, exemplified by Denmark’s success in generating over 50% of its electricity from renewables, primarily wind power. However, the transition to RESs introduces challenges, particularly in ensuring the stability of power grids. This research investigates the predictive capabilities of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including CatBoost, LightGBM, and XGBoost, in forecasting wind energy output across two distinct wind farms. Through meticulous hyperparameter optimisation utilising ArchOA, the study enhances the accuracy of predictive schemes. Comparative analyses highlight the superiority of hybrid XGBoost schemes, especially when optimised with ArchOA, in achieving both convergence and predictive precision. The proposed optimiser-enhanced schemes demonstrated strong predictive performance across two wind farms with capacities of 200 MW and 99 MW, respectively. The XGBoost-ArchOA model achieved R2 scores of 0.979 and 0.967, and RMSE values of 7.80 MW and 3.31 MW on test data for the large-scale and medium-scale sites. These findings contribute significantly to advancing renewable energy forecasting methodologies, thereby facilitating the transition towards sustainable energy systems.

This study addressed the critical issue of Indonesia's persistent dependence on fossil fuels and the urgent need to accelerate New and Renewable Energy (NRE) adoption. The purpose of the research was to develop a comprehensive technical plan for a 1.202 kWp grid-tied rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system at a manufacturing facility in Karawang. The methodology employed a systematic approach consisting of site surveys, electrical configuration design (stringing, cabling, and protection systems compliant with PUIL 2020), and verification through PVsyst simulation software. Important findings revealed that the designed system projected an annual energy yield of 1,624,801 kWh with a Performance Ratio (PR) of 76.1%. The implications of this research suggested that the proposed rooftop PV system is technically robust and provides significant economic and environmental benefits, including an estimated annual revenue of IDR 1.68 billion and a reduction of 1,348.58 tons of CO2 emissions. These results demonstrated that large-scale industrial rooftop PV systems are a viable solution for achieving national energy transition goals

ABSTRACT This study investigates the factors influencing renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity in Sub‐Sahara Africa (SSA) using the Lewbel 2SLS approach, panel quantile regression and Driscoll and Kraay estimator. It focuses on a panel dataset covering 41 countries from 1998 to 2020. In general, the study finds that technological innovation exhibits a negative link with renewable energy consumption, with an intensified negative response when patent applications are increased (negative synergy). Conversely, technological innovations are positively associated with renewable electricity, and this positive response is augmented with increased patent applications (positive synergy). The study further identifies that environmental policy positively synergizes with renewable electricity, while enhancing voice and accountability negatively influences renewable energy consumption and exhibits negative synergy on renewable electricity. Considering net effects and thresholds, boosting GDP initially has a positive effect on renewable energy consumption, but beyond a certain threshold, this effect turns negative, necessitating complementary policies for sustained positivity. Additionally, industrialization is associated with a net negative effect and a negative synergy of renewable energy consumption. Finally, the findings are also contingent on initial levels of sustainable energy as well as on regional economic blocs for policy implications.

This paper investigates the relationship between the diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and green growth in African countries. Encouraging financial innovation can promote the adoption of renewable energy, thereby boosting green growth in these countries. Utilizing a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) panel modelling approach, we analyse the impacts of these variables on green economic growth. The results reveal that renewable energy consumption has a negative effect on green economic growth. Similarly, financial development exhibits a negative correlation with green economic growth, potentially due to factors such as financial sector weaknesses, macroeconomic volatility, financial crises, and nonlinear dynamics. Conversely, ICT diffusion positively and significantly influences GDP. Both renewable energy and ICT diffusion emerge as crucial factors for enhancing economic activity, job creation, and environmental improvement. These findings highlight the need for targeted financial policies to strengthen the financial sector’s role in supporting green initiatives. Policymakers should prioritize regulatory frameworks that enhance financial stability and promote sustainable investments. Additionally, future research could explore more granular data and alternative methodologies to further examine the dynamic interactions between ICT, financial development, and environmental sustainability.

ABSTRACT Achieving sustainability in the face of climate change requires a clear understanding of how industrial activity, renewable energy adoption, natural resource depletion, and human capital shape carbon outcomes in emerging economies. This study analyzes the key drivers of carbon dioxide emissions (COE) in E7 countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey), focusing on the interaction between economic growth dynamics and circular economy performance. Using annual data from 2000 to 2022 and applying robust econometric procedures, including cross‐sectional dependence (CD) tests, Westerlund cointegration, and Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the results reveal strong heterogeneity across the emissions distribution. Industrial activity (IND) consistently increases carbon emissions (COE), while renewable energy consumption (REC) contributes to mitigation. Biomass energy (BMN) use exerts an emissions‐reducing effect, particularly in lower‐emission contexts, supporting the transition toward a cleaner energy mix. Conversely, adjusted savings indicators for energy depletion (ASE) and mineral depletion (ASM) increase emissions, confirming the environmental pressures of resource‐intensive development. Human capital (HCL) significantly reduces emissions by facilitating efficiency and technological adaptation. Robustness checks using AMG, CCEMG, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators validate these findings. The study emphasizes the need for targeted circular‐economy policies, renewable energy expansion, industrial restructuring, and human capital investment to drive low‐carbon development pathways in E7 economies.

Purpose This study aims to develop a sustainable renewable energy strategy for Nakhon Ratchasima (KORAT), Thailand, in response to growing energy demands driven by rapid population growth and industrialisation. The research explores the optimal mix of renewable energy sources to maximise energy efficiency and sustainability in the region. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid optimisation of multiple energy resources (HOMER) Software was employed to simulate a microgrid system tailored for KORAT. The model integrated local demand profiles and climatic data to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of various renewable energy technologies, including solar, hydropower, wind and energy storage systems. Findings Simulation results indicated that solar power systems are the most effective and cost-efficient renewable option for the region, closely followed by hydropower systems. Wind power demonstrated lower performance and economic viability due to local wind speeds falling below the cut-in speed of the selected turbines. Similarly, battery storage did not significantly enhance the renewable energy fraction due to limited surplus energy, indicating lower cost-effectiveness. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to a single province – Nakhon Ratchasima – which may not fully represent the diverse geographic and climatic conditions across Thailand. Despite these limitations, the findings offer a replicable framework for regional energy planning and highlight the importance of site-specific data in designing cost-effective hybrid renewable systems for Thailand and similar developing regions. Practical implications This study provides a practical framework for designing region-specific hybrid renewable energy systems using real-world data and HOMER software. The findings support policymakers, utility providers and investors in making informed decisions about energy planning in Thailand. Social implications The transition to hybrid renewable energy systems in Thailand, as demonstrated in this study, can significantly improve energy access, affordability and reliability for local communities. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels helps lower greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, contributing to better public health outcomes. Originality/value This study presents the first HOMER-based microgrid simulation specifically focused on KORAT, providing a replicable framework for integrating renewable energy in similar regions across Thailand. It contributes valuable insights for policymakers and energy planners aiming to advance renewable energy adoption through evidence-based system design.

This study explores how economic complexity shapes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1990 to 2022. Using a dynamic panel threshold model, we investigate whether rising economic complexity creates a turning point that changes how economic growth, energy use, trade openness, and renewable energy adoption affect environmental outcomes. The analysis uncovers a clear threshold level of economic complexity that divides the sample into two distinct regimes. In the low-complexity regime, CO₂ emissions are highly sensitive to economic growth and energy consumption, while neither renewable energy nor trade openness plays a meaningful role in reducing emissions. In contrast, once countries cross into the high-complexity regime, the picture changes: energy intensity declines, renewable energy becomes a powerful tool for lowering emissions, and trade openness supports cleaner production and greener technologies. This shift reflects a partial decoupling of economic growth from environmental damage. Overall, the findings highlight how structural transformation and technological upgrading can support climate goals in hydrocarbon-dependent economies. By prioritizing innovation, diversification, and strong policy frameworks, GCC countries can advance toward carbon neutrality while maintaining economic momentum.

Emerging economies within the BRICS+ group face concurrent challenges related to environmental degradation and social inequality, requiring innovative approaches to sustainable development. Social entrepreneurship (SE) has become an essential mechanism that links macro-level strategies such as renewable energy adoption, green finance, and institutional reform with community-led, environmentally conscious initiatives. This comprehensive review consolidates empirical evidence from China, India, Brazil, South Africa, and Egypt, highlighting various SE models that support the transition to environmentally sustainable practices. Examples include digital engagement platforms like Ant Forest in China, decentralised solar energy solutions with integrated financing by SELCO in India, cooperative circular economy projects in Brazil and South Africa, and regenerative hybrid governance by SEKEM in Egypt. The findings suggest that SE initiatives contribute to significant environmental and social impacts, including the reduction of approximately 3 megatonnes of CO₂ annually, electrification of 2 million households, diversion of 2.5 megatonnes of waste, and the creation of $1.2 billion in income, with social benefits exceeding those of traditional green technologies. Despite these successes, challenges remain in scaling interventions, addressing digital divides, and promoting inclusive participation. Recommendations include formalising waste cooperatives, implementing results-based financing models, adopting open-source measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems, and fostering knowledge exchange within the BRICS nations. This review positions social entrepreneurship as a vital but often overlooked element in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), providing scalable and inclusive pathways toward sustainable and equitable green development in the Global South.

This study utilizes the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) and Perceived Risk Theory frameworks to investigate the factors ‎affecting intention to adopt electric vehicles (EVs) of Chinese consumers. By incorporating environmental concern and financial incentive ‎policy as cognitive and policy predictors beyond traditional TPB variables, this research provides a comprehensive examination of EV (electric cars) adoption behavior while exploring the moderating function of perceived risk. This study seeks to examine the relationships be‎tween environmental concern, financial incentive policy, and intention to adopt EVs, as well as how perceived risk moderates these relationships. It makes a theoretical contribution by extending TPB with cognitive-environmental and external-policy dimensions and exploring complex interaction mechanisms in China's policy-oriented market. From the practical perspective, the study offers guidance for government ‎policy design and corporate marketing strategies in promoting sustainable transportation and renewable energy adoption. Many studies on ‎EV adoption rely on purely psychological models, while those incorporating cognitive environmental awareness and external-policy factors ‎in the Chinese context remain limited. The goal of this study is to address this knowledge void by providing a thorough understanding of ‎the multi-dimensional factors driving EV adoption decisions in China‎.

ABSTRACT The transition to renewable energy is an important global strategy to address environmental, economic, and social issues. This study investigates how renewable energy can advance energy equity in Iran through identifying the main barriers, analyzing decentralised energy systems, and formulating policy recommendations for an energy transition. The results indicate that decentralised systems can reduce household energy costs by up to 40% and improve access in underserved regions by over 50% compared to baseline levels. The study concludes that targeted subsidies, streamlined permitting, and community-owned projects can significantly accelerate renewable energy adoption, bridging urban–rural disparities and advancing a just energy transition in Iran. These findings provide actionable pathways for achieving sustainable and equitable energy access in Iran.

Energy is a critical input in modern agriculture and food processing systems, influencing productivity, profitability and sustainability. The growing demand for energy in the agri-food sector, coupled with the challenges of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation, necessitates the transition toward renewable energy sources. This review discusses the role, potential and applications of renewable energy in food processing and farm mechanization. The paper highlights key renewable technologies such as solar, biomass, wind, biogas and small hydropower, along with their integration in operations like irrigation, drying, milling, cooling, packaging and transportation. Barriers, policy initiatives and future prospects for renewable energy adoption in agriculture are also analyzed. The study concludes that integrating renewable energy technologies can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower operational costs and promote sustainable rural development.

Revisiting the environmental resource curse in MENA: Do export diversification and renewable energy matter?

Internet and renewable energy adoption nexus in Ghana: Impacts and implications for sustainable development

Machine learning-based predictive modelling of renewable energy adoption in developing countries

Towards carbon neutrality in Europe: The role of technology exports, renewable energy consumption, and resource productivity.