Remote-controlled Model Research Articles

Innovative flight control explanation and demonstration: bridging theory and practice in secondary education

How do airplanes turn, pitch, and roll? This fundamental question about airplane control captivates many pupils. Offering a comprehensible explanation to secondary school students is challenging due to the complex nature of fluid dynamics and mechanics. In this paper, we provide an accessible explanation of flight control principles, supported by carefully designed illustrations. Furthermore, we address the gap in educational resources by introducing a novel indoor demonstration apparatus. This design employs universal joints and remote-controlled model airplanes to visually demonstrate the principles of airplane control, particularly focusing on the maneuvers of turning, pitching, and rolling. This method is cost-effective, straightforward to implement, and offers students and aviation enthusiasts a highly intuitive and engaging learning experience.

Implementation of the 2015 Guidelines on the standardization of protocols in Radiological Diagnostics in the ASL BT

Drafting of standardized protocols referring to standard patients according to the 2015 National Guidelines, each of which will be associated with a dose index (“dose class”), pursuant to Legislative Decree 101/2020, article 161, paragraph No. 6.study, data were collected from the execution on at least 5 patients of the practices admitted to standardization, for each hospital belonging to the ASL BT, using a CR detector and the values of the set parameters were recorded (kV, mA, exposure time, fi e-bed distance, focus-detector distance, field size, SEV, use or not of the AEC, possible use of the anti-diffusion grid). For each protocol, the associated effective dose was then calculated and the corresponding dose class assigned.Starting from the analysis of the data, 33 standard protocols were proposed for the execution of bone densitometric radiographic examinations, with a single densitometric model, and traditional radiology with two different OPT equipment and a remote-controlled model, installed in the ASL BT facilities.The study represents the proposal of 33 standard protocols for the execution of radiological examinations on the examined equipment, for each of which the associated dose class has been verified, which agrees with the reference one. Starting from the protocols obtained, it has been shown that the use of AEC involves a dose saving for the patient. In the ASL BT it is therefore possible to proceed with the implementation of the Guidelines.

Absence of “selfish herd” dynamics in bird flocks under threat

The "selfish herd" hypothesis1 provides a potential mechanism to explain a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature: that of non-kin aggregations. Individuals in selfish herds are thought to benefit by reducing their own risk at the expense of conspecifics by attracting toward their neighbors' positions1,2 or central locations in the aggregation.3-5 Alternatively, increased alignment with their neighbors' orientation could reduce the chance of predation through information sharing6-8 or collective escape.6 Using both small and large flocks of homing pigeons (Columba livia; n= 8-10 or n= 27-34 individuals) tagged with 5-Hz GPS loggers and a GPS-tagged, remote-controlled model peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), we tested whether individuals increase their use of attraction over alignment when under perceived threat. We conducted n= 27 flights in treatment conditions, chased by the robotic "predator," and n= 16 flights in control conditions (not chased). Despite responding strongly to the RobotFalcon-by turning away from its flight direction-individuals in treatment flocks demonstrated no increased attraction compared with control flocks, and this result held across both flock sizes. We suggest that mutualistic alignment is more advantageous than selfish attraction in groups with a high coincidence of individual and collective interests (adaptive hypothesis). However, we also explore alternative explanations, such as high cognitive demand under threat and collision avoidance (mechanistic hypotheses). We conclude that selfish herd may not be an appropriate paradigm for understanding the function of highly synchronous collective motion, as observed in bird flocks and perhaps also fish shoals and highly aligned mammal aggregations, such as moving herds.

3D Carbon/Cobalt‐Nickel Mixed‐Oxide Hybrid Nanostructured Arrays for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors relies not only on the exploitation of high-capacity active materials, but also on the rational design of superior electrode architectures. Herein, a novel supercapacitor electrode comprising 3D hierarchical mixed-oxide nanostructured arrays (NAs) of C/CoNi3 O4 is reported. The network-like C/CoNi3 O4 NAs exhibit a relatively high specific surface area; it is fabricated from ultra-robust Co-Ni hydroxide carbonate precursors through glucose-coating and calcination processes. Thanks to their interconnected three-dimensionally arrayed architecture and mesoporous nature, the C/CoNi3 O4 NA electrode exhibits a large specific capacitance of 1299 F/g and a superior rate performance, demonstrating 78% capacity retention even when the discharge current jumps by 100 times. An optimized asymmetric supercapacitor with the C/CoNi3 O4 NAs as the positive electrode is fabricated. This asymmetric supercapacitor can reversibly cycle at a high potential of 1.8 V, showing excellent cycling durability and also enabling a remarkable power density of ∼13 kW/kg with a high energy density of ∼19.2 W·h/kg. Two such supercapacitors linked in series can simultaneously power four distinct light-emitting diode indicators; they can also drive the motor of remote-controlled model planes. This work not only presents the potential of C/CoNi3 O4 NAs in thin-film supercapacitor applications, but it also demonstrates the superiority of electrodes with such a 3D hierarchical architecture.

AERIAL SURVEYING UAV BASED ON OPEN-SOURCE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Abstract. In the last years the functionality and type of UAV-systems increased fast, but unfortunately these systems are hardly available for researchers in some cases. A simple and low-cost solution was developed to build an autonomous aerial surveying airplane, which can fulfil the necessities (aerial photographs with very-high resolution) of other departments at the university and very useful and practical for teaching photogrammetry.. The base was a commercial, remote controlled model airplane and an open-source GPS/IMU system (MatrixPilot) was adapted to achieve the semi-automatic or automatic stabilization and navigation of the model airplane along predefined trajectory. The firmware is completely open-source and easily available on the website of the project. The first used camera system was a low-budget, low-quality video camera, which could provide only 1.2 megapixel photographs or low resolution video depending on the light conditions and the desired spatial resolution. A field measurement test was carried out with the described system: the aerial surveying of an undiscovered archaeological site, signed by a crop-mark in mountain Pilis (Hungary).

1115 低侵襲手術器具と遠隔操作モデルの開発(ロボティクス・メカトロニクスIII)

1115 低侵襲手術器具と遠隔操作モデルの開発(ロボティクス・メカトロニクスIII)

Use of Eutectic Fixed Points to Characterize a Spectrometer for Earth Observations

A small palm-sized, reference spectrometer, mounted on a remote-controlled model helicopter is being developed and tested by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in conjunction with City University, London. The developed system will be used as a key element for field vicarious calibration of optical earth observation systems in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) region. The spectrometer is hand held, low weight, and uses a photodiode array. It has good stray light rejection and wide spectral coverage, allowing simultaneous measurements from 400 to 900 nm. The spectrometer is traceable to NPL’s primary standard cryogenic radiometer via a high-temperature metal-carbon eutectic fixed-point blackbody. Once the fixed-point temperature has been determined (using filter radiometry), the eutectic provides a high emissivity and high stability source of known spectral radiance over the emitted spectral range. All wavelength channels of the spectrometer can be calibrated simultaneously using the eutectic transition without the need for additional instrumentation. The spectrometer itself has been characterized for stray light performance and wavelength accuracy. Its long-term and transportation stability has been proven in an experiment that determined the “World’s Bluest Sky”—a process that involved 56 flights, covering 100,000 km in 72 days. This vicarious calibration methodology using a eutectic standard is presented alongside the preliminary results of an evaluation study of the spectrometer characteristics.

Probability assessment for deep-draft navigation channel design

This paper describes a method for assessing the probability of a ship accident in an entrance channel for different recurrence intervals using model data. This new method includes a rational criteria for evaluating various channel configurations and depths for a range of realistic environmental (i.e., wind, wave, and current) conditions and annual number of ship calls. This four-component climatology-interactive model includes a Poisson probability law for number of ship arrivals, a Bernoulli probability law for grounding in a single random ship arrival, an estimation of the probability parameter in the Bernoulli law from model tests, and a determination of recurrence intervals or return periods. A remote-controlled model of a C9 containership was used to evaluate the navigability of existing and proposed harbor and entrance-channel configurations for a range of environmental conditions in a three-dimensional physical model of Barbers Point Harbor, Oahu, HI.

An Internet accessible telepresence

The US Vice President, Al Gore, in a speech on the information superhighway, suggested that it could be used to remotely control a nuclear reactor. We do not have enough confidence in computer software, hardware, or networks to attempt this experiment, but have instead built a Internet-accessible, remote-controlled model car that provides a race driver's view via a video camera mounted on the model car. The remote user can see live video from the car, and, using a mouse, control the speed and direction of the car. The challenge was to build a car that could be controlled by novice users in narrow corridors, and that would work not only with the full motion video that the car natively provides, but also with the limited size and frame rate video available over the Internet multicast backbone. We have built a car that has been driven from a site 50 miles away over a 56-kbps IP link using nv format video at as little as one frame per second and at as low as 100 × 100 pixels resolution. We also built hardware to control the car, using a slightly modified voice grade channel videophone. Our experience leads us to believe that it is now possible to put together readily available hardware and software components to build a cheap and effective telepresence.

Low altitude, small format aerial photogrammetry

Abstract This project describes the use of 35 mm format non-metric photography for estimating earth work. The aerial pictures were taken from 35 mm super high speed, non-metric cameras mounted on remote-controlled model aeroplane. Results from a test-bed using a network of ground control points suggest that the accuracy of obtaining X, Y, Z ground co-ordinates from digitized enlarged positive prints using desk-top digitizers was adequate for most engineering work.

Crop spraying by hovercraft, kites, RPV, ATV and other unconventional devices

The need to spray crops under less than ideal ground conditions and the trend towards very low volume applications have led to a consideration of a variety of unconventional methods of spray delivery. Balloons, kites and remote-controlled model aircraft may appear far-fetched, but should not be dismissed without proper trial. Low ground-pressure all-terrain vehicles and hovercraft appear to be the most practical alternatives to tractors or aircraft in UK agriculture.